农林本科院校仪器分析教学改革与探索

仪器分析是一门实践性很强的综合应用技术课程,如何与时俱进地开展仪器分析课程教学改革以培养适应社会需求的应用型人才是当前农林本科院校面临的共性问题。围绕这一教学目标,结合本校仪器分析教学的现状,从任课教师教学观念、教学内容、教学方法和手段及考核方式等方面对仪器分析教学进行了改革与实践。提出由传统的“师问”改为“学问”,变“传授”为“指导”,充分发挥学生的主观能动性;提出了针对不同专业选择不同教学内容及实验项目,同时增加人文素质教育内容;积极推进第二课堂,并建立多元化的考核体系。     

基于不同专业背景的仪器分析教学改革初探

仪器分析课程是很多专业的基础课,在东北林业大学,除化学、化工和应用化学专业开设仪器分析课程之外,还有材料化学、轻化工程、林产化学、环境科学等专业也相继开设了仪器分析必修课或选修课。针对不同专业背景,选择不同教学内容及实验项目,以适应专业需求并结合专业的科研特色进行仪器分析探索性教学改革。     

基于CiteSpace的实验队伍研究热点和趋势

将文献计量和知识图谱用于分析实验队伍的研究热点,使用CiteSpace软件分析相关文章的作者、单位、期刊、关键词等信息,研究实验队伍研究的热点和变化趋势. 研究表明,相关研究数量整体呈上升趋势. 全国该领域研究单位和学者众多,但缺乏权威核心研究团队. 近些年“科研仪器”“开放共享”“绩效考核”等关键词已经取代“实验室”“管理体制”“实验教学”等关键词成为了新的研究热点. 实验队伍的研究与“科研仪器”“开放共享”密不可分. 相比于科研仪器的增长,实验队伍仍存在数量不足和质量不强的问题.     

气相色谱相邻组分分离度与柱温关系的计算机模拟实验

仪器分析是化学及化学相关专业的一门专业基础课程。由于仪器分析实验所用的仪器大多价格昂贵 ,而且分析仪器的发展更新很快 ,使仪器分析实验课明显存在着仪器短缺 ,实验开设不足 ,虽投入人力较多 ,但教学效果却不理想等问题[1] 。利用计算机辅助色谱分析实验教学是解决这个问题的好办法。我们开发了一套“计算机模拟色谱分析实验”软件 ,用于教学实践 ,效果良好。现介绍其中的计算机模拟柱温对气相色谱组分保留值及相邻组分分离影响的实验。1　理论部分　　在气相色谱分析中 ,当固定相选定后 ,柱温就成为最重要的操作参数 ,组分的调整保留…     

理科仪器分析教学改革与教材建设讨论会在武汉召开

会议由教材编审委员会分析化学专业组召集。出席会议的有高教出版社、教委直属和部分省属综合大学及部份师范和工科院校的代表共40余人。这是自1980年确定“仪器分析”作为化学系基础课以来首次仪器分析教学改革讨论会。会议交流了各校开设仪器分析课程和实验课程的情况,并着重审订了“仪器分析和实     

《分析试验室》征稿简则

《分析试验室》主要报道冶金、地质、石油、化工、环保、医药卫生、食品、农业等领域中分析化学专业的研究成果及具有实用推广价值的创新分析方法。有“研究报告”、“研究简报”、“仪器装置与实验技术”、“定期评述”、“国际会议”等栏目 ,并新设“特邀专家评述”与“实验室管理论坛”专栏。A .研究报告与简报———具有原始性、创新性和实用性的研究成果 (研究报告 ) ,在前人研究工作的基础上有较大改进、创新和有实用性的研究成果 (研究简报 )。B .仪器装置和实验技术———主要内容为分析化学仪器和分析化学实验装置的研制、性能、…     

高分子物理设计性开放实验教改初探

以常用高分子材料热分析设计性开放实验为例,介绍了对高分子专业学生合理开放使用实验室大型仪器的教学改革情况。通过向本科生开放多种大型热分析仪器,一方面整合拓展了实验内容,极大地调动了学生的积极性,把不同仪器测试的实验数据有机结合系统分析,激发学生对实验过程的全面思考,促进知识点融会贯通,实现了对本科生科研能力的培养;另一方面锻炼了学生的自主探索能力,加强了学生熟练操作仪器和分析解决实际问题的技能,实现对学生综合实践能力和工程思维能力的培养。     

面向应用型人才培养的仪器分析实验教学改革

为实现应用型人才培养目标,在“仪器分析实验”课程教学体系中增加了设计性实验项目,以促进对学生的创新和实践能力的培养。具有针对性的合理选题,注重理论联系实际;倡导启发式教学,结合多媒体教学丰富课堂;建立科学全面的考核评价体系,培养学生创新意识和实践能力。实践教学改革凸显了设计性实验在仪器分析教学当中的重要作用,同时也凸显出此课程教学计划的科学性、教学内容的先进性以及教学手段的连贯性。     

内科护理专业医用无机化学分析实验的教学改革初探——评《医用无机化学》北大核心

医用无机化学是医用化学的重要组成部分,同时也是护理专业重要的基础课程之一。教学改革的重点是选择教学内容,使其更适合护士这一技能短缺的专业人才的培养需要。其要点是:理论教学突出“医疗”的特点,与后续课程有效衔接;实验教学强调“实践性”,注重实践能力的培养。由黄莺、吴培云编著,化学工业出版社出版的《医用无机化学》详细阐述了内科护理专业医用无机化学分析实验的教学改革初探,为进一步深化医学化学教学改革积累了经验,指明了方向。     

线上线下融合的仿真实验软件(电子书)研发及其教学应用——以毛细管电泳实验为例

以Web设计语言和Photoshop、Flash、3D Max等工具绘制动画和3D仿真图,自主研发了毛细管电泳实验的仿真实验软件(电子书)。对仿真实验软件的设计思路、功能模块的实现、教学应用和效果等作了详细叙述。开发的电子书涵盖了实验原理、仪器介绍、样品制备、仪器参数设置、样品测试、数据处理、实验报告等完整的实验流程。电子书的内容完全与我院现行“仪器分析实验”的真实实验和纸质版教材相匹配,从而实现了“虚拟实验”与“真实实验”相融合,线上线下实验教学相融合。电子书中丰富的动画、仿真和实物图片,充分发挥出视觉效应和感观思维的优势,很好地克服了传统实验教学中的时空限制以及纸质版教材单调枯燥的不足,极大地激发学生的学习积极性,提高了学生的学习兴趣和学习效率。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.