Quantum transport equation for electric and magnetic fields

A quantum Boltzmann equation is derived which is valid for electron transport in electric and magnetic fields including all many-body effects. A solution in both d.c. and a.c. electric fields is given for electrons in simple metals. The solution for transport in large magnetic fields is also given including a theory of the Shubnikov-deHaas oscillations which includes inelastic phonon scattering rigorously.     

Excitation of surface plasmons by electrons in a parabolic beam: Semi-classical theory

A semi-classical theory of surface plasmon excitation by electrons following a non touching parabolic orbit above a metal surface is given. The expression for the scattering probability is found to be identical to that obtained in a quantum mechanical calculation¹ in the appropriate limit.     

Quantum kinetic theory of phonon-assisted carrier transitions in nitride-based quantum-dot systems

A microscopic theory for the interaction of carriers with LO phonons is used to study the ultrafast carrier dynamics in nitride-based semiconductor quantum dots. It is shown that the efficiency of scattering processes is directly linked to quasi-particle renormalizations. The electronic states of the interacting system are strongly modified by the combined influence of quantum confinement and polar coupling. Inherent electrostatic fields, typical for InGaN/GaN quantum dots, do not limit the fast scattering channels.     

Path integral approach to electron scattering in classical electromagnetic potential

As is known to all, the electron scattering in classical electromagnetic potential is one of the most widespread applications of quantum theory. Nevertheless, many discussions about electron scattering are based upon single-particle Schrodinger equation or Dirac equation in quantum mechanics rather than the method of quantum field theory. In this paper, by using the path integral approach of quantum field theory, we perturbatively evaluate the scattering amplitude up to the second order for the electron scattering by the classical electromagnetic potential. The results we derive are convenient to apply to all sorts of potential forms. Furthermore, by means of the obtained results, we give explicit calculations for the one-dimensional electric potential.     

Orbital mechanisms of electron-spin manipulation by an electric field

A theory of spin manipulation of quasi-two-dimensional (2D) electrons by a time-dependent gate voltage applied to a quantum well is developed. The Dresselhaus and Rashba spin-orbit coupling mechanisms are shown to be rather efficient for this purpose. The spin response to a perpendicular-to-plane electric field is due to a deviation from the strict 2D limit and is controlled by the ratios of the spin, cyclotron, and confinement frequencies. The dependence of this response on the magnetic field direction is indicative of the strengths of the competing spin-orbit coupling mechanisms.     

On some aspects of the definition of scattering states in quantum field theory

The problem of extending quantum-mechanical formal scattering theory to a more general class of models that also includes quantum field theories is discussed, with the aim of clarifying certain aspects of the definition of scattering states. As the strong limit is not suitable for the definition of scattering states in quantum field theory, some other limiting procedure is needed. Two possibilities are considered, the abelian limit and adiabatic switching. Formulas for the scattering states based on both methods are discussed, and it is found that generally there are significant differences between the two approaches. As an illustration of the applications and the features of these formulas, S-matrix elements and energy corrections in two quantum field theoretical models are calculated using (generalized) old-fashioned perturbation theory. The two methods are found to give equivalent results.     

Quantum kinetic theory of polyatomic gases

A review is given of the kinetic theory of polyatomic gases as based on the quantum mechanical Waldmann-Snider kinetic equation. The transport properties in the Navier-Stokes and Burnett regimes and their dependence on external electric and magnetic fields (Senftleben and Senftleben-Beenakker effects) as well as flow and heat-flow birefringence are discussed for gases consisting of linear, spherical top and symmetric top molecules. The relaxation phenomena associated with sound propagation, Rayleigh-Brillouin, depolarized Rayleigh and Raman light scattering are considered in some detail as well as nuclear magnetic and electron spin relaxation and pressure broadening of microwave spectral lines. Finally an overview is given of the quantum mechanical methods for the quantitative calculation of all these phenomena from the nonspherical intermolecular potential.     

Theory of interband and intraband light scattering in semiconductors in an external electric field

A theory is developed for interband and intraband light scattering in semiconductors in an external electric field. Explicit results are given for a simple two-band model. The field induced change of the interband scattering cross section shows oscillation close to the scattering edge. Intraband scattering being approximately elastic without an external electric field becomes inelastic in the presence of the field. A numerical estimation of the field influence on the scattering cross section is given in both cases.     

On the Quantum Mechanical Scattering Statistics of Many Particles

The probability of a quantum particle being detected in a given solid angle is determined by the S-matrix. The explanation of this fact in time-dependent scattering theory is often linked to the quantum flux, since the quantum flux integrated against a (detector-) surface and over a time interval can be viewed as the probability that the particle crosses this surface within the given time interval. Regarding many particle scattering, however, this argument is no longer valid, as each particle arrives at the detector at its own random time. While various treatments of this problem can be envisaged, here we present a straightforward Bohmian analysis of many particle potential scattering from which the S-matrix probability emerges in the limit of large distances.     

Mechanisms for the generation of coherent longitudinal-optical phonons in GaAs /AlGaAs multiple quantum wells

We show that coherent optical phonons in GaAs multiple quantum wells are generated in a completely different way as compared to bulk GaAs. Unlike in bulk GaAs where the ultrafast screening of electric fields by photogenerated charge carriers is known to be dominant, three distinctive generation mechanisms contribute simultaneously in multiple quantum wells. The interplay between impulsive Raman scattering, forbidden Raman scattering, and screening of surface electric fields, whose relative strengths are determined by laser intensity, detuning from the exciton resonance, and the barrier width, generates a rich variety of new phenomena.     

Simple Derivation of Minimum Length, Minimum Dipole Moment and Lack of Space–Time Continuity

The principle of maximum power makes it possible to summarize special relativity, quantum theory and general relativity in one fundamental limit principle each. Special relativity contains an upper limit to speed; following Bohr, quantum theory is based on a lower limit to action; recently, a maximum power given by c ⁵/4G was shown to be equivalent to the full field equations of general relativity. Taken together, these three fundamental principles imply a limit value for every physical observable, from acceleration to size. The new, precise limit values differ from the usual Planck values by numerical prefactors of order unity. Among others, minimum length and time intervals appear. The limits imply that elementary particles are not point-like and suggest a lower limit on electric dipole values. The minimum intervals also imply that the non-continuity of space–time is an inevitable result of the unification of quantum theory and relativity, independently of the approach used. PACS numbers: 04.20.Cv; 13.40.Em; 04.60.-m.     

Resonances in electron scattering and photon absorption

A short survey is given of the development of ideas about resonances in atomic scattering processes and their connection with the theory of resonant states in nuclei, impurity resonances in solids, ion-atom scattering and recombination in plasmas. A detailed discussion of the experimental situation for atomic resonances is then given, followed by a review of the theory of resonance reactions as applied to them. Special attention is given to effective range and quantum defect methods, and to Fano's configuration interaction theory. Theoretical results for line positions, shapes and widths are compared with experimental data and the need for more angular distribution data is emphasized.     

Quantum Analytical Theory for Giant Magnetoresistance in Magnetic Multilayered Cylindrical Systems

Taking into account the quantum size effects and considering three types of scattering from bulk impurities,rough surface and rough interfaces,we use quantum-statistical Green‘s function approach and Kubo theory to calculate the electronic conductivity and the giant magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayered cylindrical systems.It is found that in the limit of weakly scattering from impurities surface and interfaces,the total conductivity is given by a sum of conductivities of all the subbands and two spin-channels.For each subband and each spin-channel the scattering rate due to the impurities,surface and interfaces is added up.     

GaN基量子点结构的喇曼特征

采用量子力学的微扰理论，对GaN基量子点结构的喇曼频移进行分析。在喇曼实验中，观察InGaN／GaN量子点结构的E2和A1(LO)的模式，并发现实验中样品的喇曼频移与GaN的体材料相比，有着明显的红移。     

半导体中的自旋弛豫——从体材料到量子阱、量子线、量子点

本文对半导体中的自旋弛豫过程给出一个简要的回顾,介绍了半导体材料从体材料到量子阱、量子线、量子点不同维数的结构中各种自旋弛豫过程,主要关注了自旋去相位和相干控制。对于不同材料中的各种弛豫机制,关注的重点在于如何能够在实验上以一种可以控制的方式来改变可调参数从而达到控制自旋弛豫过程。这些参数主要有电场、磁场、温度、应变、有效g因子等等。本文的组织上,首先介绍研究前景,第1部分简要介绍了自旋弛豫的四种机制。第2部分按照维数的不同将半导体中自旋弛豫分为3个部分:体材料、量子阱、量子线、量子点,在每一部分中又基本上按照电子、空穴、激子的顺序进行了简要的总结:对于不同的载流子,考虑了自旋弛豫对可调参数的依赖关系。这些结果要么试图解释了已有的实验结果,要么从理论上给出预言从而给实验指明了方向,为室温下可以使用的自旋电子学器件设计提供了依据,为固态量子计算和量子信息处理铺平了道路。最后简单地给出展望。     

半导体中的自旋弛豫--从体材料到量子阱、量子线、量子点

本文对半导体中的自旋弛豫过程给出一个简要的回顾,介绍了半导体材料从体材料到量子阱、量子线、量子点不同维数的结构中各种自旋弛豫过程,主要关注了自旋去相位和相干控制。对于不同材料中的各种弛豫机制,关注的重点在于如何能够在实验上以一种可以控制的方式来改变可调参数从而达到控制自旋弛豫过程。这些参数主要有电场、磁场、温度、应变、有效g因子等等。本文的组织上,首先介绍研究前景,第1部分简要介绍了自旋弛豫的四种机制。第2部分按照维数的不同将半导体中自旋弛豫分为3个部分:体材料、量子阱、量子线、量子点,在每一部分中又基本上按照电子、空穴、激子的顺序进行了简要的总结:对于不同的载流子,考虑了自旋弛豫对可调参数的依赖关系。这些结果要么试图解释了已有的实验结果,要么从理论上给出预言从而给实验指明了方向,为室温下可以使用的自旋电子学器件设计提供了依据,为固态量子计算和量子信息处理铺平了道路。最后简单地给出展望。     

Quantum Stimulated Raman Scattering

The quantum field theory of stimulated Raman scattering is formulated. It is shown to give the correct classical limit. Ilowever, the quantum growth rate is bigger. An additional physical process of creation of two plasmons from two photons is intrinsically predicted by the theory.     

Many-times formalism and Coulomb interaction

We extend here the many-times formalism, formerly used mainly for particles moving in given classical fields, to interacting particles. In order to minimize the difficulties associated with an equal-time interaction, we limit ourselves to nonrelativistic quantum mechanics and a two-particle interaction, such as that corresponding to the Coulomb force between charged particles. We obtain a set of differential equations which are really not consistent, but they serve as a guide to a formulation in terms of integral equations that has the same perturbation expansion as the usual theory for the scattering of particles. The integral equation for two-particle amplitudes can be modified to give the correct theory for bound states, but this is not the case for more than two particles. We expect that this theory can be generalized to a formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics of interacting particles.     

Electrical Conductivity of Non-ideal Plasmas and the Ion Distribution Function

The theory of electrical conductivity of electron-ion-systems is developed for a density region which reaches from the region of non-ideal plasmas up to the region of liquid metals. The conductivity is expressed by quantum mechanical correlation functions. Different forms of the electron-ion pseudopotentials are considered. The ion distribution function is derived using the mean spherical approximation (MSA) theory or the nonlinear Debye-theory. Higher order scattering effects are treated by introducing scattering phase shifts for the statically screened electron-ion potential. The numerical results for the conductivity show a SPITZER-like behaviour in the low-density non-degenerate limit where higher order scattering is important, and a ZIMAN-like behaviour in the strongly degenerate high-density limit where the ion distribution functions and the form of the electron-ion pseudopotential become more important.