葫芦脲[7]的包结作用对亚甲基蓝和吖啶橙吸收光谱的影响

利用密度泛函方法对吖啶橙和亚甲基蓝与主体葫芦脲[7]分子作用的内、外包结物结构进行了理论计算.亚甲基蓝与葫芦脲[7]的内包结构型最稳定,吖啶橙与葫芦脲[7]的内、外包结构型的热稳定性相当.在相同的理论水平上利用时间相关的密度泛函方法计算了客体分子及其各构型包结物的激发态性质预测相应的吸收光谱.比较了客体分子的跃迁轨道组成及其性质的变化,预测葫芦脲[7]的包结作用对吖啶橙和亚甲基蓝分子的轨道能级和电子跃迁性质使其吸收光谱性质的影响.     

荧光法研究羟基葫芦[6]脲与水溶性苯胺蓝的分子识别作用

采用荧光光谱法研究羟基葫芦[6]脲(HOCB6)与水溶性苯胺蓝(AB)、荧光素(FS)和甲基紫(MV)之间的包结作用。结果表明,HOCB6与FS和MV无相互作用,而与AB能形成1∶1型的HOCB6-AB内包结物,并测得HOCB6-AB包结物的包结常数为1.02×103L.mol-1。考察了溶液的pH值、常见有机溶剂、表面活性剂和金属离子等对该包结物的形成及荧光强度的影响,初步探讨了它们之间的作用机理。通过选用不同荧光探针作客体,揭示客体分子的大小和空间位阻对主客体包结物的形成具有决定性的影响,在空间匹配的条件下,通过疏水和氢键作用形成稳定的包结物。     

盐酸巴马汀与葫芦[7]脲的相互作用及荧光增敏机理探讨

采用荧光光谱法和核磁共振技术(1H NMR)研究了葫芦[7]脲(CB[7])与盐酸巴马汀(PAL)之间的超分子作用,无荧光的CB[7]可以与弱荧光的PAL相互作用形成1∶1的主客体包结配合物,同时产生强大的荧光发射,其包结稳定常数K=1.18×105 L.mol-1。热力学常数△G、△H和△S计算结果说明反应是焓变驱动。分子模型通过高斯密度泛函理论计算。在能量最小化结构中,PAL分子中含甲氧基的异喹啉部分进入CB[7]的疏水空腔,形成内包结物。苯环和异喹啉环的二面角从23.37°变为-8.09°。从而确定了PAL在CB[7]存在下产生强大的荧光发射的主要因素。此外,1H NMR研究和分子模型计算推导出了主客体之间相互作用的机理,确定了包结配合物的形成过程。     

V型菁染料与葫芦脲[8]的包结研究

近年来葫芦脲因为其在超分子化学领域有着巨大的潜在应用价值而备受研究者关注。本文描述了一种两臂均为葫芦脲潜在包结点的V型菁染料分子DP与葫芦脲[8]之间的包结现象,通过一维、二维核磁共振氢谱、质谱和紫外可见吸收光谱等手段对包结物进行了研究,结果表明DP与葫芦脲[8]形成1∶1包结物,且其两臂均被葫芦脲[8]所环绕,相关包结常数为(5.4±0.4)×105。     

荧光光谱法研究葫芦[7]脲与6-巯嘌呤和腺嘌呤的包结作用

采用荧光光谱法分别研究了葫芦[7]脲(CB[7])对6-巯嘌呤(6-MP)和腺嘌呤(ADP)的包结作用。实验考察了时间、pH值以及温度对荧光强度和包结作用的影响,利用Benesi-Hildebrand方程分别计算出6-MP和ADP与CB[7]的包结常数。结果表明:酸度对体系的包结有明显的影响。在pH值为8.0和2.0左右时,6-MP和ADP分别具有稳定和最佳激发和发射波长,随着CB[7]浓度的增大,体系的荧光强度都有明显增强,包结作用迅速(小于5 min)。实验得出CB[7]与6-MP和ADP的包结比均为1∶1,在298 K时的包结常数分别为3.6797×102L·mol-1和2.2033×102L·mol-1。通过热力学参数的变化,探讨了维系包结物稳定性的主要作用力。CB[7]是葫芦脲家族中水溶性最强的主体分子,作为一种安全低毒的药物载体极具潜力。     

阿德福韦双L-氨基酸酯与葫芦脲的主客体化学与抗乙型肝炎病毒活性研究

用1HNMR、荧光光谱和红外光谱方法研究阿德福韦双L-苯丙氨酸丙酯(FH-1)与改性六元葫芦脲(TMeQ[6])、七元葫芦脲(Q[7])以及八元葫芦脲(Q[8])的相互作用,探讨主客体作用位点及其识别机制.1HNMR图谱表明FH-1中苯丙氨酸残基部分进入葫芦脲的空腔内部受到屏蔽作用,而FH-1其它部分则位于葫芦脲端口外侧.荧光图谱表明FH-1与TMeQ[6],Q[7]与Q[8]分别形成1∶1或2∶1,1∶1或3∶1与2∶1的主客体包结配合物.红外光谱表明Q[7]与FH-1固体包合物发生了主客体相互作用,FH-1特征峰消失.吸湿性考察发现FH-1与Q[7]形成的固体包合物的吸湿稳定性明显提高,室温放置90d后仍然为白色固体.抗乙型肝炎病毒研究提示葫芦脲具有明显降低化合物细胞毒性,增加其抗病毒活性与作用选择性的效果.     

羟基葫芦[6]脲与孟加拉红包结作用的荧光光谱研究

采用荧光光谱法研究了羟基葫芦[6]脲(HOCB[6])对孟加拉红(TSS)的包结作用,考察了HOCB[6]浓度、缓冲液pH、温度、包结时间、有机溶剂等因素对包结作用的影响,结果表明,体系的荧光强度随着HOCB[6]浓度的升高而增强,呈现显著荧光增敏现象,同时荧光峰位有一定蓝移,Hildebrand-Benesi法计算结果显示HOCB[6]与TSS形成了1∶1的包结配合物,包结反应的热力学参数表明该包结过程为自发放热过程,这可能是主客体分子之间的疏水作用与离子偶极作用所引起的。     

光谱法研究羟基葫芦[6]脲与对氨基苯磺酸的分子识别作用

光谱法研究羟基葫芦[6]脲与对氨基苯磺酸的分子识别作用;紫外光谱法;荧光光谱法;分子识别;包结作用;羟基葫芦[6]脲;对氨基苯磺酸     

用电化学分析法研究碱性染料与β-环糊精的包结作用

采用单扫描极谱法考察了β-环糊精对15种不同结构类型的碱性染料在不同支持电解质中电化学性质的影响;用“电流法”测定了包结常数;比较了不同主客体分子之间的包结作用,探讨了包结物在形成过程中的多种影响因素。结果表明,碱性染料环糊精包结物的形成受支持电解质,染料分子的结构类型及亲水性等多种因素的制约,而体积相适为包结作用的决定性因素。     

葫芦[8]脲作为流动相添加剂的高效液相色谱法测定牛奶中喹诺酮药物

基于葫芦[8]脲能与喹诺酮分子相互作用形成稳定包结配合物,建立了以葫芦[8]脲作为流动相添加剂,测定氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、沙拉沙星、西诺沙星6种喹诺酮药物的高效液相色谱法.结果显示,以含有0.05 mmol/L葫芦[8]脲的流动相进行梯度洗脱时,能够提高各喹诺酮组分之间的分离度和测定的灵敏度.该方法应...     

Inclusion complex of riboflavin with cucurbit[7]uril: study in solution and solid state

The aqueous solution of riboflavin and cucurbit[7]uril complex has been studied based on fluorescence and ¹H NMR spectroscopic results. Upon addition of cucurbit[7]uril, the fluorescence intensity of riboflavin was quenched and a slight red shift was observed for the maximum emission peak. These results indicated that the cucurbit[7]uril–riboflavin complex was formed at a 1:1 mole ratio. The temperature-dependent inclusion constants were calculated, from which ΔH and ΔS values were calculated. Meanwhile, rationale of the interaction mechanism was also discussed based on ¹H NMR results. The solid inclusion complex was prepared from co-evaporation method and characterised by differential thermal analysis and fluorescence lifetime analysis methods. The experimental results indicated that riboflavin and cucurbit[7]uril formed stable host–guest inclusion complex in both solution and solid states.     

七、八元瓜环与二溴化1,n-亚烷基-二-2-甲基吡啶的超分子自组装

合成和表征了4个碳链长度不同二溴化1,n-亚烷基-二-2-甲基吡啶(客体,n=6,8,10,12),利用1H NMR技术、热重分析及紫外吸收光谱法考察了这些客体与七、八元瓜环(主体)的相互作用,以及形成的主客体包结物的结构特征.研究结果表明4个客体与七、八元瓜环形成不同的主客体包合物.七元瓜环可穿梭在线性客体分子上形成类轮烷型或哑铃型主客体包合物;而由于具有较大的空腔,八元瓜环可包容弯曲状的整个客体分子.     

Construction of Pseudorotaxanes and Rotaxanes Based on Cucurbit[n]uril

¹H-NMR spectroscopic analysis indicates that cucurbit[7]uril can form a stable inclusion complex with 1,6-hexanediamine, while cucurbit[5]uril cannot form pseudorotaxane with 1,6-hexanediamine under our experimental conditions. This was confirmed by the crystal structure of the complex. The cavity of cucurbit[8]uril seems to be large for binding 1,6-hexanediamine efficiently. And a simple, mild, high-yield (>80%) method has been described for the synthesis of rotaxanes through the self-assembly of pseudorotaxanes of cucurbit[n]uril (n=6, 7)/1, 6-hexanediamine and sodium tetraphenylborate. The obtained rotaxanes are held intact solely by noncovalent interactions, and are characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H-NMR, ESI-MS and MALDI-TOF MS.     

Cucurbit[5]uril, Decamethylcucurbit[5]uril and Cucurbit[6]uril. Synthesis, Solubility and Amine Complex Formation

A simple way to prepare cucurbit[5]uril is described. The macrocycles of the cucurbituril type are nearly insoluble in water. The solubilities of cucurbit[5]uril, decamethylcucurbit[5]uril and cucurbit[6]uril in hydrochloric acid, formic acid and acetic acid of different concentrations have been investigated. Due to the formation of complexes between cucurbit[n]urils and protons the solubility increases in aqueous acids. The macrocyclic ligands are able to form complexes with several organic compounds. Thus, the complex formation of the cucurbituril macrocycles with different amines has beenstudied by means of calorimetric titrations. The reaction enthalpy gives noevidence of the formation of inclusion or exclusion complexes. ¹H-NMR measurements show that in the case of cucurbit[5]uril and cucurbit[6]uril the organic guest compound is included within the hydrophobic cavity. Decamethylcucurbit[5]uril forms only exclusion complexes with organicamines. This was confirmed by the crystal structure of the decamethylcucurbit[5]uril-1,6-diaminohexane complex.     

Cucurbit[8]uril/cucurbit[7]uril controlled off/on fluorescence of the acridizinium and 9-aminoacridizinium cations in aqueous solution

The blue fluorescence of acridizinium bromide (ADZ+) and the green fluorescence of 9-aminoacridizinium bromide (AADZ+) in aqueous solutions can be almost entirely switched off upon the double inclusion of these guests in the cavity of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) owing to the formation of a nonfluorescent, noncovalent dimer complex, and then fluorescence can be effectively restored by adding cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) to the complex because it competitively extracts the fluorophores out of the CB[8] cavity.     

Binding modes of cucurbit[6]uril and cucurbit[7]uril with a series of bis-pyridinium compounds

Binding behaviors of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) with a series of bis-pyridinium compounds N, N’-hexamethylenebis(1-alkyl-4-carbamoyl pyridinium bromide) (HBPB-n) (alkyl chain length, n = 6, 8 and 10) guests were investigated using ¹H-NMR, ESI–MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The results show that CB[6] and CB[7] can form [2]pseudorotaxanes with HBPB-n easily. When increasing the length of tail alkyl chain, the binding site of CB[6] at guest molecules changed from the tail to the middle part, while CB[7] remained located over the tail chain. As CB[6] and CB[7] were added in HBPB-8 aqueous solution, a [3]pseudorotaxane was formed by the inclusion of the internal middle site in CB[6] and the tail chain in CB[7].     

Improvement of Dispersion and Release Properties of Nifedipine in Suppositories by Complexation with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

Geometries, electronic properties and NMR-shielding of cucurbit[5]uril, decamethylcucurbit[5]uril, cucurbit[6]uril, cucurbit[7]uril, and cucurbit[8]uril are investigated with DFT calculations. All molecules are highly symmetrical with a distinct geometric flexibility. In addition with a characteristic partial charge distribution these findings account for their chemical complex building ability.     

Regioselective photodimerization of cinnamic acids in water: Templation with cucurbiturils

Cinnamic acids upon irradiation in solution undergo geometric isomerization while dimerizing to different dimers in the crystalline state. Controlling the nature of the dimer formed upon irradiation remains a challenging task. We have aligned a variety of cinnamic acid molecules in a head-head fashion employing cucurbit[8]uril, a weakly water soluble host as a template. The water solubility of cucurbit[8]uril is enhanced by inclusion of water soluble cinnamic acids and positions the olefins in an arrangement that favors the formation of syn head-head cyclobutanes in near quantitative yields. This methodology works in both solid state as well as in aqueous solution. Irradiation of cinnamic acid complexes with gamma-cyclodextrin has been carried out as a comparison. We find that while cucurbit[8]uril functions well both in solid state and aqueous solution, cyclodextrin works best as solid complexes only. Consistent with the postulated requirement of large cavities for templating olefins to dimerization, irradiation of complexes of cinnamic acid with cucurbit[7]uril resulted in only the corresponding cis isomers.     

Hierarchical assembly of uranyl metallacycles involving macrocyclic hosts

Actinide metallacycles are an emerging class of functional coordination assemblies, but multi-level assembly from metallacycle units toward hierarchical supramolecular structures are still rarely investigated. In this work, we put forward a novel supramolecular inclusion-based method through introducing two macrocyclic hosts, cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) to facilitate hierarchical assembly of uranyl metallacycles with higher complexity, and successfully prepare two different kinds of uranyl metallacycle-based complexes with intriguing hierarchical structures, a CB[7]-based four-member molecular necklace ([4]MN) and a CB[8]-involved ring-in-ring supramolecular polymer chain. The results obtained here prove the feasibility of supramolecular inclusion for regulating coordination assembly of uranyl metallacycles and related hierarchical structures. It is believed that this method can be used to achieve the construction of actinide coordination assemblies with higher structural complexity.     

Host–guest interactions of thiabendazole with normal and modified cucurbituril: 1H NMR,phase solubility and antifungal activity studies

Guest–host inclusion complexes between thiabendazole (TBZ) and cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]), symmetrical tetra-methylcucurbit[6]uril (TMeQ[6]) and meta-hexamethyl-substituted cucurbit[6]uril (HMeQ[6]) in aqueous solution were investigated by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and phase solubility studies. The antifungal activities of the inclusion complexes were also determined. Analysis of the ¹H NMR spectra revealed that the host Q[7] selectively binds the benzimidazole ring moiety of the guest molecule and that the thiazole ring is encapsulated into the cavities of TMeQ[6] and HMeQ[6]. Phase solubility diagrams were analysed using rigorous procedures to obtain estimates of the complex formation constants for Q[n]-TBZ complexation. The phase solubility studies showed that TBZ solubility increased as a function of Q[7], TMeQ[6] and HMeQ[6] concentrations. We found that complexation of TBZ with Q[n] increased the inhibitory effect of TBZ on the growth of Fusarium graminearum. Our results thus demonstrate that complexation of TBZ with Q[n] could be used to improve the solubility and antifungal activity of TBZ.