阳离子表面活性剂存在下水/有机两相体系中双环戊二烯氢甲酰化

研究了在阳离子表面活性剂存在下水/有机两相中水溶性铑配合物RhCI(CO)(TPPTS)2(TPPTS:P(m-C6H4SO3Na)3)催化双环戊二烯氢甲酰化反应,考察了反应温度、催化剂浓度、不同水溶性膦配体TPPTS和TPPDS(C5H5P(m-C6H4SO3Na)2),以及表面活性剂结构对催化反应的影响.结果表明,...     

离子液体介质中钌膦配合物催化的喹啉加氢反应

首次在亲水性离子液体[Rmim][p-CH3C6H4SO3](1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑对甲苯磺酸盐,R=甲基、乙基、正丁基、正己基和正辛基)中,以水溶性的[RuCl2(TPPTS)2]2(TPPTS:间磺酸钠基三苯基膦)为催化剂,分别考察了温度、压力、不同的离子液体、水和碘的加入等因素对喹啉加氢反应的影响.在100℃和氧气压力为3.0 MPa时,喹啉加氢生成1,2,3,4-四氧喹啉的选择性超过99%,转化率达到95.3%.利用环己烷萃取反应产物,即可实现催化剂与产物的分离,催化剂循环使用6次后反应的转化率仍可达86.0%.     

聚乙二醇400-水介质中长链烯烃氢胺甲基化反应

聚乙二醇(PEG)作为新的绿色反应介质以及作为催化剂的"流动"载体,近年来已开始引起人们的关注。本文以聚乙二醇(PEG)400-水作为反应介质,考察了水溶性铑膦络合物RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2[TPPTS:P(m-C6H4SO3Na)3]对1-癸烯氢胺甲基化反应的催化性能。结果表明,在优化反应的条件下(4.0MPa,140℃),1-癸烯的转化率可达到84.6%,生成胺的选择性为52.5%,该催化体系对其他长链烯烃氢胺甲基化反应也具有较高的催化性能。反应完成后,含水溶性铑膦络合物的聚乙二醇-水溶液与含产物的有机相分离方便,催化剂循环使用4次后,未发现反应产率和选择性有明显变化。     

聚乙二醇-水反应介质中长链烯烃的氢甲酰化反应

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为反应介质,考察了水溶性铑膦络合物RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2 (TPPTS为间-三苯基膦三磺酸钠)对长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化性能. 结果表明,添加适量的水于PEG中对催化剂活性有重要影响. 以PEG-400-H2O为溶剂的催化体系对 1-十二烯氢甲酰化反应的催化活性较高,在100 ℃, 5 0 MPa的优化条件下, 1-十二烯的转化率可达到92 6%, 生成醛的选择性为95 8%. 反应完成后,含水溶性铑膦络合物的PEG-水溶液与含产物的有机相分离方便,易于实现催化剂的循环使用,催化剂重复使用8次,未观察到活性和选择性下降.     

离子液体[Bmim]BF4/水混合溶剂中的1-丁烯氢甲酰化反应研究

以水溶性离子液体[Bmim]BF4和水作为混合溶剂、RhCl3/TPPTS为催化剂进行1-丁烯氢甲酰化反应.产物可方便地通过重力沉降分离,戊醛的正-异比达9.1:1(V:V)催化体系经5次循环,催化活性未见明显降低.     

室温离子液体中水溶性铑膦配合物催化1-己烯氢甲酰化反应的研究

研究了水溶性膦配体铑配合物在若干离子液体中的1-己烯氢甲酰化反应性能．通过改变离子液体的阴阳离子结构，可使水溶性TPPTS-铑配合物在离子液体中表现出较高的卜己烯氢甲酰化反应活性和选择性；在[BMI]BF4离子液体中加入适量的水，可提高TPPTS-铑配合物的催化活性；在[BMI]BF4离子液体中，水／有机两亲性膦配体与铑形成的配合物，反应后催化剂与产物自动分层，实现催化剂的循环使用．本文结果表明，水溶性膦配体铑配合物的催化活性与其在离子液体中的溶解度密切相关．     

新型水溶性膦铑络合物催化烯烃的氢甲酰化反应研究

新型水溶性膦铑络合物催化烯烃的氢甲酰化反应研究燕远勇，左焕培，金子林（大连理工大学化工学院，大连１１６０１２）关键词烯烃，水溶性膦铑络合催化剂，氢甲酰化，醛．１．前言为克服催化剂的流失和与反应产物的分离困难，近年来均相催化的一个重要进展是开发了以磺化...     

离子液体介质中钌纳米粒子催化苯乙酮及其衍生物的不对称加氢反应

采用水溶性三(间-磺酸钠苯基)膦(TPPTS)作稳定剂, 在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑四氟硼酸盐([BMIM]BF4)或1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑对甲基苯磺酸盐([BMIM][p-CH3C6H4SO3])介质中用氢气还原RuCl3·3H2O, 得到钌纳米粒子. 将此钌纳米粒子与(1S, 2S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺(简称(1S, 2S)-DPEN)、KOH在离子液体/异丙醇介质中原位生成一种不对称加氢催化剂, 用于催化苯乙酮及其衍生物的不对称加氢反应. 实验结果表明, 离子液体介质中的纳米钌催化剂体系具有良好的催化活性和对映选择性. 在优化反应条件下, 催化苯乙酮获得了100%的转化率和79.1%的对映选择性. 并且产物经正己烷萃取后, 含有钌纳米粒子的离子液体可以循环使用.     

新型表面活性膦在长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应中的助催化作用

 考察了新型表面活性膦配体DPPTS(对-十二烷基苯基二苯基膦的磺酸钠盐)和OPPTS(对-辛基苯基二苯基膦的磺酸钠盐)在铑络合物催化的水/有机两相长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应中的助催化作用. 在催化烯烃氢甲酰化反应时,观察到烯烃与膦配体之间有一定的链长匹配效应; 含DPPTS的催化剂体系在低膦/铑比条件下表现出比含表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和水溶性配体三苯基膦三磺酸钠的催化剂体系高得多的催化活性,而且铑流失到有机相极少,仅为加入总铑量的0.8%. 这种亲水基团和磷原子处于碳链同一端的表面活性膦配体比文献报道的亲水基团和磷原子分别处于碳链两端的表面活性膦配体具有更好的助催化活性.     

水/有机两相体系中单萜烯烃的氢甲酰化反应

考察了水溶性铑膦络合物RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2(TPPTS为间-三苯基膦三磺酸钠)在水/有机两相体系中对不同单萜烯的氢甲酰化反应的催化性能.结果表明,添加表面活性剂对催化活性影响很大.在8.0 MPa,100℃的条件下,该催化体系对萜烯氢甲酰化反应具有较好的催化活性,月桂烯、莰烯和艹宁烯的转化率可分别达到92%,72%和86%.反应完成后,含水溶性铑膦络合物的水溶液与含产物的有机相分离方便,催化剂重复使用8次,其活性和选择性均未明显下降,易于实现催化剂的循环使用.     

双子型Br?nsted酸性离子液体催化高级脂肪酸与醇反应合成生物柴油

合成了一系列双子型酸性离子液体，该类型离子液体以乙二铵为连接链，由碳链长度可调的双子型阳离子与不同的阴离子组成。因此，具有相分离催化剂的性质，并应用于高级脂肪酸与醇的酯化反应，以合成生物柴油。详细考察了各参数的影响。结果表明，[C12Sb][p-CH3C6H4SO3]表现出高催化活性及可重复使用性能。     

OTPPTS对烯烃氢甲酰化反应的影响

 研究了水/有机两相体系中TPPTS(磺化三苯基膦)氧化为OTPPTS(氧化的TPPTS)对Rh/TPPTS催化烯烃氢甲酰化反应的影响. 结果表明,在己烯-1、辛烯-1和十二烯-1氢甲酰化反应中,当n(OTPPTS)/n(TPPTS)＜1时,对催化剂体系性能的影响较小,但当n(OTPPTS)/n(TPPTS)＞1时,将引起催化剂体系的活性、选择性和稳定性下降; 如果保持体系中TPPTS的含量一定,使n(TPPTS)/n(Rh)≥18,当n(OTPPTS)/n(Rh)＝20时,则对催化剂体系性能的影响不明显. 这说明生成的OTPPTS不是铑催化剂的毒物. TPPTS氧化为OTPPTS致使铑催化剂的活性和生成醛的选择性下降, 是由于TPPTS浓度的降低导致n(TPPTS)/n(Rh)值过低,使催化循环中各活性物种的平衡发生变化及铑配合物的稳定性变差所造成的结果.     

Adsorption at the liquid-liquid interface in the biphasic rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins promoted by cyclodextrins: a molecular dynamics study

Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate the interfacial distribution of partners involved in the phase transfer rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins promoted by beta-cyclodextrins (beta-CDs). The beta-CDs, the reactant (alkene), product (aldehyde), several rhodium complexes (the catalyst, its precursor, and its alkene adduct) are simulated at the water-"oil" interface, where oil is represented by chloroform or hexane. It is shown that unsubstituted beta-CD and its 6-methylated and 2,6-dimethylated analogues adsorb at the interface, whereas the liposoluble permethylated CD does not. The precursor of the catalyst [RhH(CO)(TPPTS)3]9- (with triphenylphosphine trisulfonated TPPTS3- ligands) sits in water, but the less charged [RhH(CO)(TPPTS)2]6- catalyst and the [RhH(CO)(TPPTS)2(alkene)]6- reaction intermediate are clearly surface active. The TPPTS3- anions also concentrate at the interface, where they adopt an amphiphilic conformation, forming an electrical double layer with their Na+ counterions. Thus, the most important key partners involved in the hydroformylation reaction concentrate at the interface, thereby facilitating the reaction, a process which may be further facilitated upon complexation by CDs. These results point to the importance of adsorption at the liquid-liquid interface in the two-phase hydroformylation reaction of olefins promoted by beta-CDs and provide microscopic pictures of this peculiar region of the solution.     

两相催化体系中辛烯的氢甲酰化反应研究

考察了反应温度、膦／铑化、表面活性剂种类及浓度、CO／H2压力比等因素对水溶性铑－膦配合物RhCI(CO)(TPPTS)2催化剂催化1－辛烯、2－辛烯氢甲酰化反应活性的影响,并选择出了优化的反应条件。研究结果表明,在该体系中表面活性剂的结果是影响RhCI(CO)(TPPTS)2催化2－辛烯转化率和选择性的重要原因,并对在两相体系2－辛烯氢甲酰化反应中表面活性剂十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵（BDAC）明显优于十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）的原因进行了探讨。     

A novel ligand-free palladium catalytic system with SO3H-functional ionic liquids as cocatalyst for amidocarbonylation reaction

Effects of Lewis acid BF3·OEt2, and BrCnsted acids TsOH, CF3COOH, H3PO4, and HCIO4 as cocatalyst respectively on the ligand-free palladium-catalyzed amidocarbonylation were investigated. SO3H-functional ionic liquids 1-methyl-3-（4-sulfonic acid）butylimidazolium hydrosulfate [MIm（CH2）4803H][HSO4] and 1-methyl-3-（4-sulfonic acid）butylimidazolium triflate [MIm（CH2）4SO3H][OTf] were firstly employed as cocatalysts instead of these Lewis acid and Brφnsted acids. By using a ligand-free and weak corrosive catalyst in situ prepared form PdBr2, LiBr.H2O, and [MIm（CH2）4SO3H][OTf], the arnidocarbo- nylation of benzaldehyde, acetamide, and CO could proceed smoothly and afford N-acetyl-α-phenylglycine with yield of 58% in [C6mim]PF6 medium.     

Importance of interfacial adsorption in the biphasic hydroformylation of higher olefins promoted by cyclodextrins: a molecular dynamics study at the decene/water interface

We report herein a molecular dynamics study of the main species involved in the hydroformylation of higher olefins promoted by cyclodextrins in 1-decene/water biphasic systems at a temperature of 350 K. The two liquids form a well-defined sharp interface of approximately 7 A width in the absence of solute; the decene molecules are generally oriented "parallel" to the interface where they display transient contacts with water. We first focused on rhodium complexes bearing water-soluble TPPTS(3-) ligands (where TPPTS(3-) represents tris(m-sulfonatophenyl)phosphine) involved in the early steps of the reaction. The most important finding concerned the surface activity of the "active" form of the catalyst [RhH(CO)(TPPTS)(2)](6-), the [RhH(CO)(2)(TPPTS)(2)](6-) complex, and the key reaction intermediate [RhH(CO)(TPPTS)(2)(decene)](6-) (with the olefin pi-coordinated to the metal center) which are adsorbed at the water side of the interface in spite of their -6 charge. The free TPPTS(3-) ligands themselves are also surface-active, whereas the -9 charged catalyst precursor [RhH(CO)(TPPTS)(3)](9-) prefers to be solubilized in water. The role of cyclodextrins was then investigated by performing simulations on 2,6-dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin ("CD") and its inclusion complexes with the reactant (1-decene), a reaction product (undecanal), and the corresponding key reaction intermediate [RhH(CO)(TPPTS)(2)(decene)](6-) as guests; they were all shown to be surface-active and prefer the interface over the bulk aqueous phase. These results suggest that the biphasic hydroformylation of higher olefins takes place "right" at the interface and that the CDs promote the "meeting" of the olefin and the catalyst in this peculiar region of the solution by forming inclusion complexes "preorganized" for the reaction. Our results thus point to the importance of adsorption at the liquid/liquid interface in this important phase-transfer-catalyzed reaction.