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1.
用分析热力学的观点和方法研究了温度的相对论变换公式,得到了与Planck,Einstein和de Broglie完全相同的结果:T=1-β2T0;分析热力学的特色和 优点是,在推演过程 中根本不需要δQ=1-βδQ0这一可能引起争议的和p=p0这 一显而易见的相对论变换公式,它们是作为附带结果出现的.
关键词:
分析热力学
相对论热力学
平衡态热力学
热力学基本Poisson括号 相似文献
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以往关于纳米材料热力学的研究,绝大多数以界面的热力学函数表征整体纳米材料的热力学性质,这种近似处理,对于尺寸超过几十纳米的较粗纳米材料,在相变热力学中对特征转变温度和临界尺寸等重要参量的预测,将导致很大误差. 应用“界面膨胀模型”和普适状态方程,研究了纳米晶界的热力学特性,进一步发展了纳米晶整体材料热力学函数的计算模型,给出了单相纳米多晶体的焓、熵和吉布斯自由能随界面过剩体积、温度,以及晶粒尺寸发生变化的明确表达式. 以Co纳米晶为例,分析了界面与整体纳米多晶体热力学函数的差异,确定了相变温度与晶粒尺寸的依赖关系,以及一定温度下可能发生相变的临界尺寸.
关键词:
纳米多晶体
热力学函数
相变热力学 相似文献
3.
现代热力学的完整分类系统--非平衡非耗散热力学新领域 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在同一体系中同时有多个不可逆过程时,不可逆过程之间会有相互影响,原来的非自发过程有可能在其他自发过程的影响下得以进行,这种现象就称为热力学耦合或反应耦合,长期以来,经典热力学把热力学第二定律的等式作为平衡体系的充分必要条件,其中隐含了一个前提性的假定,即经典热力学的对象只限于非耦合的体系,摈弃这一隐含的前提性假定以后,热力学自身就发展成为一个现代热力学的完整学术体系,适用于任何宏观体系(包括极其复杂的生命体系),现代热力学的完整学术体系中包含了一个崭新的非平衡非耗散热力学新领域,由于该领域属于热力学第二定律的等式部分,因此可以定量计算,并得到一系列理论计算的非平衡相图,与文献上报道的激尖低压金刚石合成等的大量实验数据相符。 相似文献
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以一个修正的依赖时间的金兹堡朗道理论和层状模型去研究高温超导体的热力学性质.计算各向异性超导体的热容量等一些热力学量,并且得到了超导体的熵、能、热容量的具体表达式,并与最近的实验数据进行比较,结果一致符合
关键词:
热容量 热力学量 高温超导体 相似文献
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本文从土木建筑的结构、构造、性能、朝向等方面进行研究分析,总结了热力学在土木建筑中的应用,说明了热力学与土木建筑密切相关. 相似文献
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本文介绍了 H· B· Callen在其著作中为建立经 典热力学所引入的四条假设(热力学公理体系),并利 用它们推导了几个热力学基本关系式. 相似文献
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精确地计算了n维固体的热力学函数、热容,讨论了极端高、低温近似时的结果;并将不同维数的热力学性质统一地由一组公式表达了出来. 相似文献
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Martin Schwarz Jr. 《Journal of statistical physics》1976,15(3):255-261
In the present study we investigate the statistical thermodynamics of the anharmonic oscillator, whose energies are characterized by the potential 1/2x
2+x
4. Employing the energies recently obtained by Hioe and Montroll, we compute the partition function and the thermodynamic quantities for the anharmonic and quartic oscillators. Low- and high-temperature formulas are presented for the thermodynamic quantities of the oscillators. 相似文献
12.
The phenomenon of the disappearance of the shell effects on the thermodynamic properties of nuclei with increasing excitation
energy has been examined quantitatively on the basis of numerical calculations based on realistic shell model single particle
level schemes. It is shown that shell effects disappear at moderate excitation energies and above these excitation energies,
the thermodynamic behaviour of the nucleus is identical to that of the equivalent liquid drop model nucleus. Implications
of the above feature in the interpretation of some aspects of fission of excited nuclei such as mass-asymmetry and angular
anisotropy are examined. The relationship of the phenomenon of washing out of shell effects at high excitation energies with
the temperature smearing method of determining ground state shell correction energies is also outlined. 相似文献
13.
Effects of a finite number of particles on the thermodynamic properties of a harmonically trapped ideal charged Bose gas in a constant magnetic field
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We investigate the thermodynamic properties of an ideal charged Bose gas confined in an anisotropic harmonic potential and a constant magnetic field. Using an accurate density of states, we calculate analytically the thermodynamic potential and consequently various intriguing thermodynamic properties, including the Bose–Einstein transition temperature, the specific heat, magnetization, and the corrections to these quantities due to the finite number of particles are also given explicitly. In contrast to the infinite number of particles scenarios, we show that those thermodynamic properties,particularly the Bose–Einstein transition temperature depends upon the strength of the magnetic field due to the finiteness of the particle numbers, and the collective effects of a finite number of particles become larger when the particle number decreases. Moreover, the magnetization varies with the temperature due to the finiteness of the particle number while it keeps invariant in the thermodynamic limit N →∞. 相似文献
14.
用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法计算研究AuZn和AuAl分子基态与低激发态的结构与势能函数,导出分子的光谱数据.结果表明,AuZn和AuAl分子基态分别为X2Σ和X1Σ,基态与低激发态的势能函数均可用Murrell-Sorbie函数来表达.AuZn分子低激发态a4Σ的绝热激发能为43529kJ/mol,AuAl分子低激发态a3Σ的绝热激发能为19991kJ/mol.计算固体AuZn和AuAl的内能和熵时,近似以气体分子的电子能和振动能代替固体分子的内能,用电子熵和振动熵代替固体分子的熵.在此近似下,计算得到AuZn和AuAl基态与低激发态固态分子生成反应热力学性质与温度的关系.
关键词:
AuZn和AuAl
B3LYP
热力学性质
势能函数 相似文献
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We demonstrate the approximate nature of the Onsager-Casimir relations for the example of the linearized Burnett equations for a dilute gas. For any discussion of Onsager relations the choice of a correct set of thermodynamic forces and fluxes is of course crucial. By retracing the Chapman-Enskog procedure, we show that the usual expressions for the thermodynamic forces require modifications at the Burnett level. However, inclusion of these terms does not remedy the violation of Onsager symmetry first noticed by McLennan. A modified version of the Onsager symmetry that involves thermodynamic forces derived from an entropy Lagrangian rather than from the entropy itself does remain valid on the Burnett level. Throughout, we allow for the presence of an external potential; the Burnett equations including potential terms are derived in an appendix for a set of variables particularly suited for our discussion. We stress that in discussing Onsager relations one should use the full thermodynamic fluxes rather than their dissipative parts only, in spite of the fact that only the latter contribute to the entropy production. 相似文献
19.
A. Hairie F. Hairie B. Lebouvier G. Nouet E. Paumier N. Ralantoson A. P. Sutton 《Interface Science》1994,2(1):17-29
A critical assessment is given of the quasi-harmonic approximation, and various approximations to the quasi-harmonic approximation, with regard to predicting the free energy and atomic structure of grain boundaries in silicon at elevated temperatures. The quasi-harmonic results are compared with those obtained by molecular dynamics and thermodynamic integration. It is found that the quasi-harmonic approximation yields accurate excess free energies and atomic structures of grain boundaries at 1,000 K. The anharmonic contribution to the free energy that is absent in the quasi-harmonic contribution is virtually the same at a grain boundary in Si and in the perfect crystal. The second-moment and Einstein approximations to the full quasi-harmonic theory yield unreliable free energies, but reasonably accurate atomic structures. However, excess free energies are quite well described by the Einstein model. It is concluded that the quasi-harmonic approximation works remarkably well in silicon. The simplest approximations to the phonon density of states lead to unreliable results for the free energy, but cancellation of errors occurs to a large extent when excess free energies are computed. 相似文献
20.
由弱磁场中弱相互作用费米气体的配分函数,导出有限粒子数条件下系统的配分函数G(β,N ).在此基础上,运用统计平均方法求解有限粒子数弱相互作用费米气体热力学量的解析表达式,给出各种温度条件下的热力学性质.研究结果表明,有限粒子数效应使各个热力学量都产生了一个修正项,除温度趋于0外,粒子数对化学势的修正项有直接影响,对内能和热容量的修正项并不产生直接影响.并且有限粒子数效应总是降低化学势,从而使化学势的0点向低温漂移,粒子数增大,会削弱这种效应,粒子间的相互排斥会加强这种效应. 相似文献