State vector reduction and photon coincidences

The paper contains a discussion on two kinds of coincidence experiments. First, a standard two-photon coincidence experiment is considered and it is shown that its outcomes are incompatible with any classical radiation theory because of the role of the state vector reduction phenomenon in such an experiment. In the second part of the paper a proposed new kind of photon coincidence experiment is discussed. The classical and quantum predictions for the outcomes of this experiment differ dramatically and therefore the experiment should constitute a new limitation to the classical radiation theories. The proposed experiment should also yield information about the kinematics of the reduction of the state vector process.     

基于信息化技术的大学物理实验教学改革与探索

实验课程是提高大学生应用能力的一种重要手段。但近年来,一些高校的学生实验课成绩却出现了整体下滑的现象。为了进一步促进大学实验教学的改革与提升,本文对内蒙古工业大学五十余个专业近五年的物理实验课成绩进行了抽样分析。分析结果表明,实验教学内容更新缓慢,学生对物理实验的重视程度不够、实验本身吸引力欠缺、教法改进不足等都是导致学生成绩下滑的重要因素。针对这些问题给出了改进大学物理实验教学的方法和建议。     

测量光盘物理参数的综合性实验设计

开发设计了一种光盘物理参数测量的综合性实验.该实验涉及大学物理课程中的力学、光学等知识,内容丰富,趣味性强,知识先进,作为大学物理实验的教学项目,对提高学生的实验兴趣及创新能力培养有较大的促进作用,实施效果良好.     

大学物理实验中发散思维的引导与训练

发散性思维是创新能力的基础。大学物理实验是理工类学生最早接触的实验,在分析现存物理实验教学模式存在问题的基础上,将发散性思维训练作为大学物理实验课堂的目标之一,提出了课堂发散性思维训练的三种方式。最后通过某个具体的物理实验,对实验教学中的发散思维训练内容及过程进行了说明。     

霍尔效应实验对学生科研能力培养初探

大学物理实验教学中应注重实验与理论有机结合,本文推导了有限长通电螺线管轴线上磁感应强度理论公式,然后把计算得到的磁感应强度理论值与霍尔效应实验测得实验值进行了对比,以培养学生从事科学研究的基本能力.     

Measuring the longitudinal NMR relaxation rates of fast relaxing nuclei using a signal eliminating relaxation filter

A new experiment for selective determination of the relaxation rates of fast relaxing NMR signals is presented. The experiment is derived from the conventional inversion recovery experiment by substituting the 180 degrees inversion pulse of this experiment with a signal eliminating relaxation filter (SERF) consisting of three 180 degrees pulses separated by two variable delays, Delta1 and Delta2. The SERF experiment allows a selective suppression of signals with relaxation rates below a given limit while monitoring the relaxation of faster relaxing signals. The experiment was tested on a sample of 20% oxidized plastocyanin from Anabaena variabilis, where the fast exchange of an electron between the reduced (diamagnetic) and the oxidized (paramagnetic) form results in a series of average signals with widely different relaxation rates. To ensure an optimum extraction of information from the experimental data, the relaxation rates were obtained from the SERF experiment by a simultaneous analysis of all the FIDs of the experiment using a fast linear prediction model method developed previously. The reliability of the relaxation rates obtained from the SERF experiment was confirmed by a comparison of the rates with the corresponding rates obtained from a conventional inversion recovery experiment.     

Experimental verification of an Aharonov-Bohm effect in rotating reference frames

A thought experiment is reviewed which shows two things. First, in a region of a rotating frame that is not simply connected, the inertial forces can be canceled without completely canceling the inertial vector potential (whose curl determines the Coriolis force); second, the presence of this uncanceled potential can be detected in a quantum interference experiment. It is then argued that the thought experiment was realized in an earlier experiment involving a rotating superconductor, and that the experimental results confirm the theoretical prediction. In this way, the first experimental verification of a physical effect due to a nonelectromagnetic potential in a force-free region is established. An analogous experiment for the gravitational vector potential is also discussed. Finally, it is pointed out that the close connection between electromagnetic and inertial vector potentials provides an intuitive way to make predictions about rotating superconductors.     

地方院校以特色物理实验室建设促进创新人才培养研究

特色物理实验室就是把物理实验教学和科技创新实践活动相结合,这是新形势下物理实验教学改革的一项有益尝试。鉴于物理实验教学的教育功能,人们已深刻认识到物理实验教学在科学教育中及创新人才培养的地位和作用。所以,构建具有特色的物理实验教学及科普体系,以及搭建创新实践平台和培养创新人才是我们教育工作者未来的工作重点和努力方向。     

大学物理实验教学应突出原理性

大学物理实验是理工科大学教学当中最基本、最重要的教学环节,为了巩固基本理论知识,促进理论教学,培养理论联系实际的能力而开设的。在大学物理实验教学中,不是简单的技能培训。因而实验教学要将实验原理和实验操作并重,实验设计应以原理透明化,突出加强。在真正懂得原理的前提下才能达到锻炼操作能力和理解理论知识的目的,并为创新型人才培养真正起到奠定基础的作用。     

One-dimensional DOSY.

A new NMR experiment for correlating diffusion coefficients and chemical shifts is presented. This experiment provides the same information as the conventional DOSY experiment, but only requires a single dimension because a nonuniform magnetic field gradient is used to encode the diffusion information into the lineshapes of the peaks in the chemical shift dimension. By fitting the resulting lineshapes, the diffusion coefficient for each peak in the spectrum can be extracted. Using this experiment, a qualitative DOSY spectrum can be generated using the results from a single one-dimensional experiment. Quantitative results can be determined with the use of reference experiments.     

测量一般长度、微小长度、微小增量的设计性实验

本阐述了力学实验中的长度设计性实验。从实验题目、实验方案的拟订、仪器的配置、测量和操作，给学生提供了较大的空间，调动了学生的独立创造意识。     

仿真技术在电力拖动实验教学中的应用

将计算机的仿真技术应用于电力拖动自动控制系统的实验教学中,设计了基于Matlab/Sim-ulink仿真的电力拖动实验,并详细介绍Matlab仿真过程和双闭环调速系统的仿真实验案例。设计的实验方案将虚拟实验和物理实验相结合,形成了完整的新型教学体系,改善了传统实验模式的局限与不足。     

开放性物理实验网络管理系统

我们设计了基于ASP技术的开放性物理实验网络管理系统,该系统可使学生通过校园网选修实验项目和安排实验时间,为学生提供了一种选修自己感兴趣实验的途径;老师也可通过该系统进行实验教学管理。     

LabVIEW软件在模拟电路实验中的应用

虚拟仪器是现代实验的重要组成部分.通过采用虚拟仪器开发语言LabVIEW开发一个积分微分器,阐述基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器在模拟电路实验中应用的实用性.     

基于LabVIEW的惠斯通电桥仿真试验系统设计

在LabVIEW平台上设计制作出惠斯通电桥测量电阻虚拟仿真实验系统。基本实现了惠斯通电桥测电阻实验的功能,使学生能够通过在计算机上模拟操作完成实验,掌握实验的操作步骤及技能。     

光的干涉衍射综合实验仪

根据传统的光的干涉衍射实验装置存在的不足,研制出了光的干涉衍射综合实验仪．将光学元件放置在同一小型光学平台上,按照实验需要组合成相应仪器．该实验仪既可以用于光学演示实验,也可以作为光学专用的实验仪器。     

Numerical analysis of the concept of a laboratory experiment on the demonstration of runaway electron breakdown under normal conditions at high overvoltages

A numerical Monte Carlo experiment has been performed simulating the concept of a laboratory experiment on the demonstration of runaway electron breakdown of air at high overvoltages. The pronounced second peak of a picosecond runaway-electron pulse, which was observed in the laboratory experiment and interpreted as runaway electron avalanche initiated by the first peak of the pulse, is very slightly manifested in the numerical experiment. Only the initial stage of runaway electron avalanche can be observed in the laboratory experiment, but the fraction of secondary runaway electrons is too small to significantly affect the development of the breakdown.     

A New Proposal to Redefine Kilogram by Measuring the Planck Constant Based on Inertial Mass

A novel method to measure the Planck constant based on inertial mass is proposed here, which is distinguished from the conventional Kibble balance experiment which is based on the gravitational mass. The kilogram unit is linked to the Planck constant by calculating the difference of the parameters, i.e. resistance, voltage, velocity and time, which is measured in a two-mode experiment, unloaded mass mode and the loaded mass mode. In principle, all parameters measured in this experiment can reach a high accuracy, as that in Kibble balance experiment. This method has an advantage that some systematic error can be eliminated in difference calculation of measurements. In addition, this method is insensitive to air buoyancy and the alignment work in this experiment is easy. At last, the initial design of the apparatus is presented.     

Presentation of the WA97 experiment at CERN

The WA97 experiment is a part of the CERN heavy-ion program. The experiment aims to measure enhanced strangeness production as a signal of the phase transition from a Quark-Gluon Plasma. The first run for the experiment was in the autumn 1994, when CERN accelerated lead-ions in the SPS ring for the first time. The WA97 experiment have used silicon microstrip and pixel detectors with technology which have never been used before. It is shown that even the triply strange can be reliably measured in the experiment.     

关于"气垫导轨实验中光电计时系统误差研究"实验的探索

在全面解析"气垫导轨实验中光电计时系统误差研究"实验案例的基础上,对从学生兴趣入手,以学生发现作为实验研究的起点,依托学生在实验中自己发现的问题而将其设置成为一种设计性实验的实验方式进行了探讨.