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针对典型深海环境中宽带声源的深度分辨问题,通过研究深海声场随频率起伏的干涉结构与垂直线阵频域波束输出图中的干涉结构,给出一种直达声区内可区分多水下目标的宽带声源深度估计方法。该方法以近水面目标的射线声场模型为基础,推导出近海面宽带声源接收声场的波束输出表达式,阐明了频域波束输出图中干涉结构与声源深度的对应关系。然后利用改进的傅里叶变换方法将二维频域波束输出图映射到声源深度-掠射角度域,可实现声源深度信息的有效分离。最后开展了深海实验验证,利用垂直阵接收拖曳声源发射的宽带白噪声信号,拖曳声源深度计算结果与实测声源深度基本一致。数值仿真与实验结果均表明该方法可以在多目标复杂环境下准确估计出水下宽带声源的深度。 相似文献
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被动声呐探测位于深海海底弹射区的声源时空时采样能力有限,且声呐接收信噪比较低,导致声源深度估计方法性能较差.针对这一问题,本文基于射线模型推导了干涉结构峰值条纹关于声源位置的理论表达式,提出一种基于角度-距离干涉结构峰值特性的声源深度估计方法,该方法包括利用峰值条纹起伏特性估计声源深度和干涉结构重构两个部分.在低信噪比条件下,被噪声淹没的峰值条纹会重现于重构后的干涉结构,使得声源深度估计方法可以适用于海底弹射区的低信噪比环境.该方法同时结合阵列空时累积增益和干涉结构的图像低秩特性.通过典型深海波导蒙特卡罗仿真实验验证,该方法可在低信噪比条件下对海底弹射区声源的深度进行较为准确的估计. 相似文献
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现有阵不变量方法未能确定声源深度,且通常对远距离声源的测距误差较大。针对这一问题,提出一种利用阵不变量的宽带声源距离深度估计方法。该方法先对宽带接收信号进行频域波束形成和傅里叶逆变换,转换到波束-时间域以实现模态分离,波束-时间域各峰值位置的连线形成波束时间迁移曲线,曲线形状由阵不变量参数决定且与声源距离相关,曲线上能量分布由各阶模态激励决定且与声源深度有关;再沿波束时间迁移曲线提取波束时间强度并进行匹配处理,最终实现声源距离深度估计。SWellEx-96实验数据处理结果表明,本文所提方法的声源距离和深度估计平均相对误差分别为3.9%和3.4%,而常规阵不变量方法的平均相对测距误差为5.1%,验证了所提方法的优越性能。 相似文献
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提出了一种基于深海海底声反射区声场频域干涉结构特征的水下宽带近海面声源深度估计方法。该方法通过建立深海海底声反射区到达声场结构模型,推导了垂直阵接收信号波束输出幅度谱的近似表达式,利用幅度谱与声源深度和垂直到达角(俯仰角)之间的周期变化关系,将接收信号映射到深度-垂直到达角域中,实现了对宽带声源的深度估计。仿真实验与影响因素分析验证了该原理的正确性,南海实验结果表明:利用阵长为64 m的垂直短阵接收标定深度为50 m和100 m的双弹信号,得到的深度估计结果同实际声源深度吻合较好,估计误差不超过7%,验证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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为指导浅水中水平距离在十倍水深范围内进行的近距离声学测量工作,选取对软底浅水声场产生主要贡献的直达声线和一次水面反射声线,经过合理的近似处理,以射线解析方式给出了中低频信号声场干涉结构的表达式,并将表达式由单频信号推广到宽带信号和线性调频等信号形式。所得到的解析关系式定量给出了浅水中声场干涉结构与信号频率、信号带宽、设备布放深度和水平距离等参数的关系,由此进一步得到浅水条件下中近距离干涉声场的一些特性和规律。通过数值模拟和实际试验数据对上述关系式所进行的检验表明:在浅水的常规测量试验条件下,这些关系式可以较为准确地反映近距离干涉声场的起伏特征,由关系式推论得到的声场特性和规律也得到了初步验证。 相似文献
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基于时空滤波理论的低频声场干涉结构研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于时空滤波理论, 采用相干函数、功率响应函数、扩展分布函数、双频函数四个系统函数较波导不变量更全面地描述了低频声场的相干结构. 理论分析、仿真研究和海试数据处理都验证了低频声场存在稳定的干涉结构, 当目标由远及近、又由近及远做匀速直线运动时, 相干函数(LOFAR图)的干涉结构为一簇类双曲线; 功率响应函数的干涉图表征了简正波群时延的差分, 体现了其频散特性; 扩展分布函数能反映LOFAR图上干涉条纹的斜率大小; 而双频函数能体现相慢度的差分. 各个系统函数均能特别突出干涉结构的某方面的特征, 各有特色. 相似文献
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浅海低频声场的微观结构特征在于具有可用波导不变量表征的 稳定空间-频率干涉结构.声场兼具标量场和矢量场, 波导条件下二者联合决定声场的全部特性. 本文研究浅海声场空频干涉结构的矢量场特征. 理论分析了声压谱、动能密度谱、声强流谱等矢量场干涉结构的形成机理, 探讨了矢量场干涉结构的波导不变量表征, 数值仿真研究了Pekeris波导中能量和能流密度的干涉特性, 进行了宽带声源辐射矢量声场干涉特性及表征的海上试验.实测结果与理论、仿真分析有较好的一致性. 研究结果表明: 中近程和中远程声场均能模态相干, 有稳定的空频干涉结构, 并且矢量声场空频干涉结构存在多种形式, 除各种能量和能流密度谱图外, 相干系数谱也呈现干涉特征, 这些形式的空频干涉结构均可用波导不变量理论有效表征.关键词:矢量声场干涉结构波导不变量浅海低频声场 相似文献
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常规实验方法无法同步获取深海大尺度声学和水文数据,水下滑翔机可作为同步观测平台解决该问题.首先利用在东印度洋北部海域水下滑翔机同步获取的声传播和水文实验数据,分析了水下滑翔机的自噪声谱级和实验海区声传播特性,然后推算并修正了滑翔机水下运动轨迹,利用第一影区水下滑翔机接收声传播信号的脉冲多途到达时间差对声源进行测距与定深。潜标接收噪声与滑翔机自噪声谱级对比表明,水下滑翔机在海洋中无动力运动时的系统自噪声接近于潜标观测的海洋环境噪声。滑翔机实测的声传播损失与模型计算结果吻合较好,第一影区水下声源测距定深结果与实际位置较为一致,测距与定深的相对误差均小于5%。利用加载水听器的水下滑翔机可以实现水文环境数据与声学信号的同步观测,对深海声传播特性测量及定位算法研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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运动目标辐射声场干涉结构映射域特征研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
浅海低频声场呈稳定而显著的干涉特征,并蕴含声源状态和波导特性等信息.本文研究运动目标辐射声场干涉结构的简化映射以及映射域能量分布对目标运动状态的指示特征.理论分析了声压场和矢量声场空(时)频干涉谱图的二维傅里叶变换映射特征,推导了匀速运动目标时频干涉谱图映射域能量脊斜率与波导不变量以及距变率、航向角的关系式,证明了映射域脊斜率符号、脊斜率绝对值变化等对目标来袭或远离以及目标威胁程度的指示,并进行了数值仿真和海上试验研究.实测结果与理论、仿真分析有较好的一致性.研究结果表明:二维傅里叶变换可将声压场和矢量场时(空)频谱图干涉结构简化,匀速运动目标辐射声场干涉结构映射域的能谱脊斜率、距变率、航向角与波导不变量有解析关系式,声强谱、动能密度谱、声强流谱等声场干涉结构经映射后更为一致,映射域脊能简明的指示目标运动状态和威胁程度. 相似文献
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Daniel Blacodon 《Applied Acoustics》2011,(1):11-21
The development of array processing methods to extract the useful characteristics of acoustic sources such as their locations and absolute levels, starting from the measured sound field is one of the main issues in aero-acoustics. The conventional beamforming method is a very popular technique investigated to solve the power level estimation problem. It has the advantage of being robust, easy to implement and cheap in computation time. However, this technique is also known for having poor spatial resolution capabilities which prevents the correct source levels being obtained for numerous practical applications. Deconvolution techniques of the result computed with CBF, with the point spread function of the array manifold, may restore the power levels of the acoustic sources that would be observed in the absence of the array resolution effects. However, the accuracy of the results provided by deconvolution methods is very sensitive to background noise, always present in acoustic measurements. This process should be carried out after the additive noise has been suitably attenuated and, ideally, the deconvolution operator should amplify the noise as little as possible. Another approach is described in the article. It consists in using a noise reference and a new technique called spectral estimation method with additive noise to remove both the smearing effect produced by the array response and the background noise. The technique has been applied to computer and experimental simulations conducted both in an anechoic chamber and in the test section of an open wind tunnel involving acoustic sources radiating in a noisy environment. The levels of the sources were found with a good level of accuracy and the background noise greatly reduced, confirming the validity of the approach and the satisfactory performance of the method proposed. 相似文献
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在室内伪卫星独立定位系统中, 伪卫星以及接收机的钟差会给定位精度带来非常大的误差. 针对这一问题, 提出了一种适用于室内环境的相对定位算法. 使用Kalman定位算法粗略计算接收机位置, 获得粗略基线, 建立室内相对定位模型, 得到载波相位双差和伪距双差. 载波相位双差通过互补Kalman滤波器来平滑伪距双差, 进一步得到精确基线, 获得接收机精确位置, 并将其代替Kalman定位算法的校正结果, 对接收机进行下一状态预测. 实验结果表明, 该算法具有较高的定位精度, 定位误差在20 cm以内.关键词:伪卫星相对定位双基线Kalman滤波 相似文献
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一种新的卫星钟差Kalman滤波噪声协方差估计方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用Kalman滤波方法进行钟差参数计算和预报时, 需确定Kalman滤波噪声协方差矩阵. 针对这一问题, 提出了一种新的卫星钟差Kalman滤波噪声协方差估计方法, 通过建立新息的相关函数序列与未知的噪声参数间的线性函数模型, 采用最小二乘法进行噪声参数估计. 采用精密钟差数据进行钟差参数估计和预报分析, 结果表明, 该方法具有较好的收敛性, 并与顾及随机噪声模型的开窗分类因子自适应抗差估计方法进行对比分析, 验证了新方法的正确性和有效性. 相似文献
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Nonlinear Kalman Filtering is an established field in applied probability and control systems, which plays an important role in many practical applications from target tracking to weather and climate prediction. However, its application for acoustic emission (AE) source localization has been very limited. In this paper, two well-known nonlinear Kalman Filtering algorithms are presented to estimate the location of AE sources in anisotropic panels: the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). These algorithms are applied to two cases: velocity profile known (CASE I) and velocity profile unknown (CASE II). The algorithms are compared with a more traditional nonlinear least squares method. Experimental tests are carried out on a carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite panel instrumented with a sparse array of piezoelectric transducers to validate the proposed approaches. AE sources are simulated using an instrumented miniature impulse hammer. In order to evaluate the performance of the algorithms, two metrics are used: (1) accuracy of the AE source localization and (2) computational cost. Furthermore, it is shown that both EKF and UKF can provide a confidence interval of the estimated AE source location and can account for uncertainty in time of flight measurements. 相似文献
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弱GNSS信号跟踪技术是卫星导航接收机关键技术之一,跟踪技术的好坏将直接影响卫星导航接收机在弱信号条件下的跟踪性能;在动态环境和先验信息不充分的情况下,由于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的固定设计使其不能满足要求,针对此不足引入一种自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波(AEKF)的信号跟踪算法;该自适应滤波算法能够实时监测残差或滤波器新息的动态变化,来修正观测噪声方差和状态噪声方差,以此调整滤波器增益,观测值和控制预测值在滤波结果中的权重;理论分析和结果表明,该算法能够充分利用观测信号的统计特性,克服了传统EKF算法不足,获得更好的跟踪性能。 相似文献
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船舶管路系统噪声的低频宽带控制是船舶设计和制造中亟待解决的关键问题之一。将超材料理论引入船舶管路系统的结构设计,构造了具有低频声波带隙的一维周期管路结构,并给出了周期管路声波带隙和声波透射系数的计算方法。计算结果表明,该周期管路同时存在声波布拉格带隙和局域共振带隙。在这两种带隙频率范围内,声波在系统中的传播将被衰减抑制。进一步发现,布拉格和局域共振带隙在一定条件会发生耦合,出现带隙耦合展宽现象,且两种带隙存在精确耦合条件。利用带隙耦合的展宽效应和低频设计,可实现声波在低频范围内的传播操控,从而达到船舶管路系统低频噪声宽带控制的目的。 相似文献
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Tracking an active sound source involves the modeling of non-linear non-Gaussian systems. To address this problem, this paper proposed scaled unscented particle filter (SUPF) algorithm for tracking moving sound source. The particle filter part of the SUPF provides the general probabilistic framework to handle non-linear non-Gaussian systems, and the scaled unscented Kalman filter (SUKF) part of the SUPF generates better proposal distributions by taking into account the most recent observation. Meanwhile, models used in SUPF algorithm were also explored for the sound source motion, observation and the likelihood of the sound source location in the light of the Langevin process. Compared with the conventional PF approach, the simulated results demonstrated that the SUPF algorithm had superior tracking performance. 相似文献
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针对传感器模式噪声易受CFA插值噪声和JPEG压缩噪声污染,提出一种基于空域平滑滤波的传感器模式噪声预处理方法,去除干扰噪声,从而提高数字照片图像来源检测准确率.假设传感器模式噪声是一种类似高斯白噪声的随机信号,其在频域具有与高斯白噪声相似的平坦频谱;基于此,在空域采用高斯白噪声对传感器模式噪声进行引导滤波,其空域平滑效果使传感器模式噪声在保持自身性质的同时,拥有与高斯白噪声相似的特性.手机相机照片图像库的评估实验结果表明,与现有预处理方法相比,所提算法在图像来源检测准确度上Kappa统计系数提高了0.026以上,同时算法对JPEG压缩的鲁棒性也明显优于其他算法. 相似文献
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Demodulation of data transmitted over time-varying channels with a free running hidden Markov state, like the phase noise channel or the fading channel, requires that the receiver tracks the hidden channel state. The tracking technique adopted in the paper is based on non-data-aided sequential importance sampling, also known as particle filtering.The paper proposes a new particle filtering framework for data communication receivers based on an importance distribution such that each individual particle becomes a decision-directed Kalman filter relying upon its local symbol-by-symbol hard decisions. In this framework, different particles are left free to take different sequences of decisions. This leaves to the receiver the possibility of exploring different sequences of transmitted modulation symbols. The weight of the particle will be high for those particles that took in the past the correct sequence of decisions, while will be low for those particles that took wrong decisions. In the resampling procedure, particles with high weight will survive, while particles with low weight will be terminated, leaving space to the birth of new particles resampled from the surviving ones.The crucial point in importance sampling is the choice of the importance distribution and the main novelty of the paper is the proposal of an importance distribution such that the particles of the particle filter become decision-directed Kalman filters. One important benefit brought by our proposed method is that, being non-data-aided, it does not need pilot symbols, thus allowing to preserve the transmission rate. A significant application example, presented and developed in the paper, is constituted by MIMO systems affected by phase noise, where the channel state vector consists of many parameters. 相似文献