三体heritage混合相互作用和核转动惯量的变化

讨论了在费米子动力学对称模型中大形变区核转动惯量的变化机制.指出在无I1带和基带交叉的情况下,heritage混合本身也可以引起转动惯量的变化,但引起混合的相互作用形式是重要的,引入某种三体相互作用后能很好地解释实验事实.     

Nuclear Level Density at High Spin and Excitation Energy

The intensive studies of equilibrium processes in heavy-ion reaction have produced a need for information on nuclear level densities at high energies and spins. The Fermi gas level density is often used in investigation of heavy-ion reaction studies. Some papers have claimed that nuclear level densities might deviate substantially from the Fermi gas predications at excitations related to heavy-ion reactions. The formulae of calculation of the nuclear level density based on the theory of superconductivity are presented, special attention is paid to the dependence of the level density on the angular momentum. The spin-dependent nuclear level density is evaluated using the pairing interaction. The resulting level density for an average spin of 52 ħ is evaluated for ¹⁵⁵Er and compared with experimental data. Excellent agreement between experiment and theory is obtained.     

扭摆法测量刚体转动惯量的误差分析

扭摆法是测量物体转动惯量的有效方法,减小误差是该实验的关键问题。本文分析了扭摆法测物体转动惯量时空气阻力引起的误差,并给出了加载重物之后扭转系数的变化及其对测量误差的影响。结果对测量精度的提高、实验方法选择和仪器研制等方面具有重要的实际意义。     

Statistical Treatment of Low-Energy Nuclear Level Schemes

The level density parameter and the back shift energy E1 are determined for nuclei with A-values across the whole periodic table from fits to complete level schemes at low excitation energy near the neutron binding energies.We find that the energy back shift E1 shows complicated behavior and depends on the type of the nucleus,even-even,odd mass,and odd-odd.The spin cut-off factor has also been investigated for nuclei mentioned above.The results arecompared with the previous results and different experimental data on level densities.     

中子星的转动惯量与表面红移的研究

在温度、密度及同位旋相关的核物质状态方程的基础上,通过求解Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff方程,得到了中子星的转动惯量与表面红移.计算结果表明,中子星的转动惯量较强地依赖于核物质的不可压缩系数与对称能强度系数,而对核子有效质量不太敏感;中子星的表面红移却对对称能强度系数不太敏感,而较强地依赖于不可压缩系数与核子有效质量.     

转动惯量测试仪的改进

转动惯量测量实验是大学物理实验中综合实验项目之一,目前高校工科物理实验常用三线摆法测量刚体的转动惯量,而转动惯量测试仪目前都无测量过程周期自检报错功能,为减少学生使用过程中出错概率,对仪器增加自检功能,提高测量准确度,同时为方便记录,增加了周期记忆功能。     

关于传统扭摆法测物体转动惯量实验的改进

本文针对传统扭摆法测物体转动惯量系统误差较大的缺点,在扭摆的改进和实验数据的处理方面提出了行之有效的方法,从而达到减小系统误差的目的。     

测量不同质量圆盘下圆盘的转动惯量误差的研究

实验由三线摆法测量物体的转动惯量,现在采用累积放大法测量周期,用平均值计算周期,分析圆盘转动惯量测量值及理论值的百分差与下圆盘质量之间的关系,从而来研究一定高度不同质量圆盘下圆盘转动惯量产生的误差影响。最后得出实验结果,下圆盘质量越小,误差越小,当下圆盘质量小于0.085kg时,误差突然增大。     

Effect of Band Crossing Mode on the Variance of Moment of Inertia

In the frame of the Fermi dynamical symmetry model, the effect of band crossing modes on the variance of moment of inertia is discussed. It is shown that irrespective of the existence of I₁-band, it is the I₀-band crossing with the ground band that forms the first backbending. Without band crossing under the backbending, the heritage mixing itself can cause the variance of moment of inertia. The experimental data of well-deformed rare-earth nuclides can be well explained quantitatively with the model.     

测量圆盘转动惯量产生误差的曲线研究

结合三线摆实验的基本过程,进行实验数据的采集。利用投影法来测量圆盘的转角大小,借助于matlab的cftool工具箱,对数据进行曲线拟合,对测出来的二组数据拟合,得到转角与百分差曲线图。通过误差的大小比较,得出圆盘转动惯量测量值与理论值的百分差随转角变化最接近于三次曲线。     

Defying Inertia: How Rotating Superconductors Generate Magnetic Fields

I discuss the process of magnetic field generation in rotating superconductors in simply connected and multiply connected geometries. In cooling a normal metal into the superconducting state while it is rotating, electrons slow down or speed up depending on the geometry and their location in the sample, apparently defying inertia. I argue that the conventional theory of superconductivity does not explain these processes. Instead, the theory of hole superconductivity does. Its predictions agree with experimental observations of Hendricks, King and Rohrschach for solid and hollow cylinders.     

自旋极化的同位旋非对称核物质性质

利用Skyrme有效相互作用,采用核子–核子相互作用参数SKM*和SⅢ对自旋极化的同位旋非对称核物质的特性和状态方程进行了研究,讨论了非对称核物质的磁化率随密度的变化关系及其同位旋依赖性.结果表明:在Skyrme Hartree Fock框架内,同位旋非对称核物质会发生从非极化态到极化态的相变,而且发生相变的临界密度随同位旋非对称度增大而降低.另外,还与微观BHF(Brueckner Hartree Fock)的理论预言进行了比较和讨论.     

自旋极化的对称核物质和中子物质的性质

利用Skyrme有效相互作用对自旋极化的同位旋对称核物质和中子物质的特性进行了研究.用4种核子-核子相互作用参数SⅢ,SKM,SLy230a和SLy230b,分别描绘了核物质状态方程曲线.可以发现不论使用哪一种参数,在自旋极化的同位旋对称核物质和中子物质中都存在着磁化相变转换点.另外还对磁化系数进行了计算,给出了磁化系数比率随密度的变化关系,由于无限不连续点的存在,进一步肯定了在Skyrme-Hartree-Fock理论框架内两种物质会出现磁化相变转换点.     

刚体转动惯量测定方法改进

对测定刚体转动惯量的方法进行改进,避免匀减速运动时初始角速度的随意性,降低实验时阻力矩随角速度变化对实验结果的影响,减小实验结果误差。     

Moment of inertia of superconductors

We find that the bulk moment of inertia per unit volume of a metal becoming superconducting increases by the amount $m_e/(\pi r_c)$, with $m_e$ the bare electron mass and $r_c=e^2/m_e{c}^2$ the classical electron radius. This is because superfluid electrons acquire an intrinsic moment of inertia $m_e{(2{\lambda }_L)}^2$, with ${\lambda }_L$ the London penetration depth. As a consequence, we predict that when a rotating long cylinder becomes superconducting its angular velocity does not change, contrary to the prediction of conventional BCS-London theory that it will rotate faster. We explain the dynamics of magnetic field generation when a rotating normal metal becomes superconducting.     

超变形转动带的自旋指定与实验测定的比较

按照转动带自旋指定的3种方案,分析了A～190区偶偶核中已测到的超变形带. 对于¹⁹⁴Hg(1)和¹⁹⁴Pb(1),分析给出的自旋指定与实验值完全一致. 有理由认为,其它10条超变形带的自旋指定也是可信的,否则要重新审查现有的转动谱理论,而这些理论对于正常形变核转动带已证明是完全正确的.     

超形变带自旋的比较指定

首次用Bohr-Mottelson公式和Harris公式同时指定A≈190区超形变带的带首自旋值.对大多数超形变带,用以上两种方法指定的自旋是一致的,而对部分超形变带则不一致.不能一致地指定自旋的和自旋指定不符合带首转动惯量系统学的超形变带,用带首转动惯量系统学或两类转动惯量系统学的方法重新指定其自旋.利用指定的自旋,拟合Bohr-Mottelson转动谱公式,研究了参数之间的关系,结果表明从Harris三参数公式导出的关系式更符合实验值.     

用BCS理论计算稀土核转动惯量的奇偶差

用BCS理论计算了稀土区偶偶核和奇A核的转动惯量.计算结果表明,尽管转动惯量的计算值系统地小于实验值,但实验上观测到的转动惯量奇偶差的大幅度变化能够用BCS理论定性地描述. 这个结论与人们普遍认为的BCS理论给出的奇A核转动惯量应比相邻的偶偶核基态转动惯量大15%的看法相悖,但却证实了20多年以前Gregory和Volkov等人得出的结论,有助于人们在BCS平均场理论框架下理解正常形变核中出现全同带的现象.     

Nuclear Level Density with Non-zero Angular Momentum

The statistical properties of interacting fermions have been studied for various angular momentum with the inclusion of pairing interaction. The dependence of the critical temperature on angular momentum for several nuclei,have been studied. The yrast energy as a function of angular momentum for 28 Si and 24Mg nuclei have been calculated up to 60.0 MeV of excitation energy. The computed limiting angular momenta are compared with the experimental results for 26Al produced by 12C 14N reaction. The relevant nuclear level densities for non-zero angular momentum have been computed for 44Ti and l36Ba nuclei. The results are compared with their corresponding values obtained from the approximateformulas.     

Nuclear Level Density with Non-zero Angular Momentum

The statistical properties of interacting fermions have been studied for various angular momentum with the inclusion of pairing interaction. The dependence of the critical temperature on angular momentum for several nuclei, have been studied. The yrast energy as a function of angular momentum for 28Si and 24 Mg nuclei have been calculated up to 60.0 MeV of excitation energy. The computed limiting angular momenta are compared with the experimental results for ^26Al produced by ^12C＋ 14N reaction. The relevant nuclear level densities for non-zero angular momentum have been computed for ^44Ti and ^136 Ba nuclei. The results are compared with their corresponding values obtained from the approximate formulas.