共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Saadia M. El-Ashry Fathalla Belal Mohamed M. El-Kerdawy Dalia R. El Wasseef 《Mikrochimica acta》2000,135(3-4):191-196
A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of some phenolic antibiotics namely:
cefadroxil, amoxicillin and vancomycin. The method is based on the measurement of the orange yellow species produced when
the drugs are coupled with diazotized benzocaine in triethylamine medium. The method is applicable over the range of 0.8–12 μg/ml
for cefadroxil, 2–16 μg/ml for amoxicillin and 2–18 μg/ml for vancomycin. The formed compounds absorb at 455 nm for both cefadroxil
and amoxicillin and at 442 nm for vancomycin. The proposed method has detection limits of 0.018 μg for cefadroxil, 0.0034 μg
for amoxicillin and 0.0156 μg for vancomycin.
The stoichiometric ratio for the studied compounds was found to be 1:1 and a proposal of the reaction pathway was made. The
proposed method was applied for the analysis of the cited drugs in their pharmaceutical preparations. The results are in good
agreement with those obtained by the official methods.
Received February 7, 2000. Revision June 14, 2000. 相似文献
2.
Bhagwant S. Despande Sudha S. Ambedkar Jaiprakash G. Shewale 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1996,60(3):245-250
A simple method based on Schiff’s base formation betweenp-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and cephalosporin C is developed for estimation of cephalosporin C. The calibration curve was linear
up to 500 μg of cephalosporin C. The application of the method in monitoring bioconversion of cephalosporin C to glutaryl-7-amino
cephalosporanic acid is described. 相似文献
3.
Summary A sensitive and rapid routine HPLC method is proposed for quantitative estimation of morphine hydrochloride and hydromorphone
hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The drugs were chromatographed on a C18 reversed-phase column; the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water, 35:65 (v/v), containing sodium dodecyl sulphate (0.5%, w/v),
as ion pairing reagent, and acetic acid (0.4% v/v). Detection was at 230 nm.
The optimized method was validated and linearity (r>0.999), precision, and accuracy were found to be acceptable within the concentration ranges 86–124 μg mL−1 for morphine hydroloride and 60–180 μg mL−1 for hydromorphone hydrochloride.
The method is being used to investigate the stability of morphine hydrochloride and hydromorphone hydrochloride in solution
used for intramuscular injection. 相似文献
4.
Juan Agüero José-Esteban Peris Eduardo San-Martín 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1999,363(3):289-293
An analytical method for detecting and quantifying cefotaxime in plasma and several tissues is described. The method was
developed and validated using plasma and tissues of rats. The samples were analyzed by reversed phase liquid chromatography
(HPLC) with UV detection (254 nm). Calibration graphs showed a linear correlation (r > 0.999) over the concentration ranges
of 0.5–200 μg/mL and 1.25–25 μg/g for plasma and tissues, respectively. The recovery of cefotaxime from plasma standards prepared
at the concentrations of 25 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL was 98.5 ± 3.5% and 101.8 ± 2.2%, respectively. The recovery of cefotaxime
from tissue standards of liver, fat and muscle, prepared at the concentration of 10 μg/g was: 89.8 ± 1.2% (liver), 103.9 ±
6.5% (fat) and 97.8 ± 2.1% (muscle). The detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) limits for plasma samples were established
at 0.11 μg/mL and 0.49 μg/mL, respectively. The values of these limits for tissues samples were approximately 2.5 times higher:
0.3 μg/g (LOD) and 1.25 μg/g (LOQ). For plasma samples, the deviation of the observed concentration from the nominal concentration
was less than 5% and the coefficient of variation for within-day and between-day assays was less than 6% and 12%, respectively.
The method was used in a pharmacokinetic study of cefotaxime in the rat and the mean values of the pharmacokinetic parameters
are given.
Received: 25 May 1998 / Revised: 27 July 1998 / Accepted: 1 August 1998 相似文献
5.
V. Jánošová M. Sýkorová O. Štroffeková E. Havránek 《Journal of Analytical Chemistry》2010,65(1):56-63
Preconcentration performance characteristics of precipitation of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, and Cd and with subsequent filtration
through cellulose nitrate membrane were investigated for the X-ray spectrometry identification and determination of trace
metal ions in drug samples. The method was optimised for several parameters, including pH and amount of thioacetamide. The
investigated analyte ions were collected on cellulose nitrate membrane filter (Pragopor 4) as sulphides after the reaction
with thioacetamide. Optimal reaction conditions were found out (pH 8.5 for Fe, Zn, Hg, and Cd and pH 11.5 for Mn, Co, Cu,
and Pb; 1.2 mL of added thioacetamide). Thereafter, the content of these elements was determined in the samples of drugs—NaCl,
glucose and dextrane. The rapidity of this method, its polycomponent character and low detection limits (for filters: Mn—1.09
μg, Fe—1.08 μg, Co—0.82 μg, Cu—0.42 μg, Zn—0.61 μg, Pb—0.45 μg, Hg—0.42 μg, and Cd—0.99 μg) have proved this method to be
very promising in rapid screening used in quality control of drugs. 相似文献
6.
A. Lakshmi Sailaja K. Kishore Kumar D. V. R. Ravi Kumar C. Mohan Kumar N. M. Yugandhar G. Srinubabu 《Chromatographia》2007,65(5-6):359-361
A simple, rapid, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for estimation of efavirenz in human plasma
has been developed and validated. Chromatography was performed with C18 analytical column and 50:50 acetonitrile–phosphate buffer (pH 3.5) as mobile phase. Compounds were monitored by UV detection
at 247 nm. The retention time for efavirenz was 6.45 min and that for the internal standard, nelfinavir, was 2.042 min. Response
was a linear over the concentration range of 0.1 μg–10 μg mL−1 in human plasma. The method was simple, specific, precise and accurate and was useful for bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic
studies of efavirenz. 相似文献
7.
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for preconcentration and determination of Cd(II), Pb(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) aqueous
samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry is described. The preconcentration of analytes is accomplished
by retention of their chelates with 1.10-phenanthroline in aqueous solution on a solid phase containing carboxylic acid (COOH)
bonded to silica gel in a column. The limits of detection values (defined as “3s” where “s” is standard deviation of the blank
determination) are 3.6 μg/L for Cd(II), 17.5 μg/L for Pb(II), 3.1 μg/L for Co(II), 2.1 μg/L for Ni(II), and 4.4 μg/L for Cu(II)
and corresponding limit of quantification (6s) values are 7.2, 35, 6.2, 4.2 and 8.8 μg/L, respectively. As a result, a simple
method was elaborated for the group concentration and determination of the above mentioned metals in reference material and
in samples of plant material.
The article is published in the original. 相似文献
8.
A method is described for the substoichiometric determination of traces of palladium by neutron activation analysis involving
the extraction of palladium with isonitrosoacetophenone. The sensitivity of the method is 0.005 μg of Pd. With 200 mg of silver
alloy containing 0.0005% palladium, the average of three determinations of Pd is 0.98 μg, which varies between 1.07 μg and
0.91 μg at 95% confidence limit. The time required for radiochemical purification and counting of the sample does not exceed
12 minutes.
Part of this work was presented at the International Conference on Modern Trends Activation Analysis, held in Gaithersburg,
Maryland, USA, October 7–11, 1968. 相似文献
9.
Two different mass spectrometric methods, negative thermal ionization isotope dilution mass spectrometry (NTI-IDMS) and inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), off-line and on-line coupled with anion exchange chromatography, have been developed
for simultaneous bromide and bromate determinations in water samples. The detection limits of these methods are in the range
of 0.03–0.09 μg/L using a 50 mL sample.The results are independent of the content of other anions, which could be demonstrated
by the analyses of six mineral waters containing chloride and sulfate of up to 160 mg/L and 1500 mg/L, respectively. Bromide
has been analyzed by the NTI-IDMS method in the range of 10–500 μg/L and bromate in the range of 1–50 μg/L with relative standard
deviations of 0.3–1.2% and 0.4–6%. Quantification for the ICP-MS method was carried out by the standard addition technique,
which resulted in relative standard deviations of 5.5% for bromide at the 500 μg/L level and of 13% for bromate at the level
of about 3 μg/L. These results are compared with those described in the literature for ion chromatographic (IC) and other
methods and those obtained in this work by IC using UV detection, which allows high concentrations of chloride in the bromate
fraction. The detection limits of this IC method are 6 μg/L for bromide and 30 μg/L for bromate. NTI-IDMS and ICP-MS therefore
fit the recommendations of the European Union (detection limit<2.5 μg/L; precision and accuracy better than 25% at the 10 μg/L
level) for methods analyzing the carcinogenic bromate much better than IC and other methods applied up to now. As a definitive
but time consuming method, NTI-IDMS is preferably applicable as a calibration technique, whereas ICP-MS, with relatively short
analysis times, due to on-line coupling with chromatography, can be used as a sensitive and powerful routine method for trace
bromide and bromate species in water samples.
Received: 5 July 1996/Accepted: 7 August 1996 相似文献
10.
Two different mass spectrometric methods, negative thermal ionization isotope dilution mass spectrometry (NTI-IDMS) and inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), off-line and on-line coupled with anion exchange chromatography, have been developed
for simultaneous bromide and bromate determinations in water samples. The detection limits of these methods are in the range
of 0.03–0.09 μg/L using a 50 mL sample.The results are independent of the content of other anions, which could be demonstrated
by the analyses of six mineral waters containing chloride and sulfate of up to 160 mg/L and 1500 mg/L, respectively. Bromide
has been analyzed by the NTI-IDMS method in the range of 10–500 μg/L and bromate in the range of 1–50 μg/L with relative standard
deviations of 0.3–1.2% and 0.4–6%. Quantification for the ICP-MS method was carried out by the standard addition technique,
which resulted in relative standard deviations of 5.5% for bromide at the 500 μg/L level and of 13% for bromate at the level
of about 3 μg/L. These results are compared with those described in the literature for ion chromatographic (IC) and other
methods and those obtained in this work by IC using UV detection, which allows high concentrations of chloride in the bromate
fraction. The detection limits of this IC method are 6 μg/L for bromide and 30 μg/L for bromate. NTI-IDMS and ICP-MS therefore
fit the recommendations of the European Union (detection limit<2.5 μg/L; precision and accuracy better than 25% at the 10 μg/L
level) for methods analyzing the carcinogenic bromate much better than IC and other methods applied up to now. As a definitive
but time consuming method, NTI-IDMS is preferably applicable as a calibration technique, whereas ICP-MS, with relatively short
analysis times, due to on-line coupling with chromatography, can be used as a sensitive and powerful routine method for trace
bromide and bromate species in water samples.
Received: 5 July 1996/Accepted: 7 August 1996 相似文献
11.
P. Bartels E. Ebeling B. Kr?mer H. Kruse N. Osius K. Vowinkel O. Wassermann J. Witten C. Zorn 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1999,365(5):458-464
During the course of a human biomonitoring project (Biebesheim in Hessen, Germany) we elaborated a simple but sensitive method
for the determination of tri- (TCP), tetra- (TeCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) in human urine. Urine samples, spiked with
internal standards, were treated by acid hydrolysis. After a steam bath distillation the distillates were extracted using
solid phase extraction. Derivatization of the chlorophenols was not carried out. GC/ECD system was used for detection. Detection
limits of the chlorophenols were found in the range of 0.02 μg/L urine (detection limits of the ECD: 0.52 to 2.76 μg/L). By
this method mono- and dichlorophenols cannot be detected. We investigated 24h-urine samples of 339 pupils (age 10 to 12 years).
The children live either in the surroundings of a hazardous waste incinerator (SVA) in Biebesheim (n = 193), or controls (i.e.
regions without waste incinerator) in the non polluted areas of Odenwald (n = 90) and Rheintal (n = 56). Between these three
groups we did not find statistically significant differences in chlorophenol concentrations of the urine samples. The 95-percentiles
of the analyzed samples are 0.74 μg/L (2,3,4-TCP), 1.24 μg/L (2,3,5-TCP), 0.70 μg/L (2,3,6–TCP), 1.10 μg/L (2,4,5–TCP), 1.74
μg/L (2,4,6–TCP), 2.84 μg/L (3,4,5–TCP), 4.78 μg/L (2,3,4,5-TeCP), 1.86 μg/L (2,3,4,6-TeCP), 2.90 μg/L (2,3,5,6-TeCP) and
4.39 μg/L (PCP).
Received: 24 February 1999 / Revised: 3 May 1999 / Accepted: 6 May 1999 相似文献
12.
Determination of chlorophenols in urine of children and suggestion of reference values 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. Bartels E. Ebeling B. Krämer H. Kruse N. Osius K. Vowinkel O. Wassermann J. Witten C. Zorn 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1999,365(5):458-464
During the course of a human biomonitoring project (Biebesheim in Hessen, Germany) we elaborated a simple but sensitive method
for the determination of tri- (TCP), tetra- (TeCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) in human urine. Urine samples, spiked with
internal standards, were treated by acid hydrolysis. After a steam bath distillation the distillates were extracted using
solid phase extraction. Derivatization of the chlorophenols was not carried out. GC/ECD system was used for detection. Detection
limits of the chlorophenols were found in the range of 0.02 μg/L urine (detection limits of the ECD: 0.52 to 2.76 μg/L). By
this method mono- and dichlorophenols cannot be detected. We investigated 24h-urine samples of 339 pupils (age 10 to 12 years).
The children live either in the surroundings of a hazardous waste incinerator (SVA) in Biebesheim (n = 193), or controls (i.e.
regions without waste incinerator) in the non polluted areas of Odenwald (n = 90) and Rheintal (n = 56). Between these three
groups we did not find statistically significant differences in chlorophenol concentrations of the urine samples. The 95-percentiles
of the analyzed samples are 0.74 μg/L (2,3,4-TCP), 1.24 μg/L (2,3,5-TCP), 0.70 μg/L (2,3,6–TCP), 1.10 μg/L (2,4,5–TCP), 1.74
μg/L (2,4,6–TCP), 2.84 μg/L (3,4,5–TCP), 4.78 μg/L (2,3,4,5-TeCP), 1.86 μg/L (2,3,4,6-TeCP), 2.90 μg/L (2,3,5,6-TeCP) and
4.39 μg/L (PCP).
Received: 24 February 1999 / Revised: 3 May 1999 / Accepted: 6 May 1999 相似文献
13.
Kiran R. Patil Vipul P. Rane Jaiprakash N. Sangshetti Devanand B. Shinde 《Chromatographia》2008,67(7-8):575-582
A simple, rapid, and precise method is developed for the quantitative simultaneous estimation of telmisartan and ramipril
in combined pharmaceutical dosage form. A chromatographic separation of the two drugs was achieved with an ACE 5 C18, 25-cm analytical column using buffer–acetonitrile (55:45 v/v). The buffer used in mobile phase contains 0.1 M sodium perchlorate monohydrate in double distilled water pH adjusted 3.0
with trifluoroacetic acid. The instrumental settings are flow rate of 1.5 mL min−1, column temperature at 30 °C, and detector wavelength of 215 nm using a photodiode array detector. The resolution between
ramipril and telmisartan were found to be more than 5. Theoretical plates for ramipril and telmisartan were 13,022 and 6,629.
Tailing factor for ramipril and telmisartan was 0.94 and 0.98. Telmisartan, ramipril and their combination drug product were
exposed to thermal, photolytic, hydrolytic and oxidative stress conditions, and the stressed samples were analysed by the
proposed method. Peak homogeneity data of telmisartan and ramipril is obtained using photodiode array detector, in the stressed
sample chromatograms, demonstrated the specificity of the method for their estimation in presence of degradants. The described
method shows excellent linearity over a range of 20–400 μg mL−1 for telmisartan and 2.5–50 μg mL−1 for ramipril. The correlation coefficient for telmisartan and ramipril are 1. The relative standard deviation for six measurements
in two sets of each drug in tablets was always less than 2%. The proposed method was found to be suitable and accurate for
quantitative determination and the stability study of telmisartan and ramipril in pharmaceutical preparations. 相似文献
14.
A sequential injection analysis (SIA) system is described for the determination of phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride and metoclopramide
using spectrophotometer as detector. The method is based on the detection of an unstable red intermediate compound resulting
from the reaction of phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride or metoclopramide with the diazotizating product of p-phenylenediamine with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid medium. The sampling frequency is 69 h−1 and 75 h−1 for phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride and metoclopramide, respectively. The linear range is 10–400 μg/mL for phenoxybenzamine
hydrochloride with a detection limit of 0.081 μg/mL and 20–250 μg/mL for metoclopramide with a detection limit of 0.034 μg/mL.
The RSD is 1.01 and 0.45% for phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride and metoclopramide, respectively. The proposed methods were used
to determine phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride and metoclopramide in pharmaceuticals. The results are compared with those obtained
by pharmacopoeia method.
The article is published in the original. 相似文献
15.
T. A. Bogush A. S. Shaturova E. A. Dudko E. E. Zhuraev B. E. Polotskii G. V. Ungiadze M. I. Davydov 《Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin》2011,66(4):253-258
The optimization of an immunofluorescent analysis for estrogen receptor β (ER-β) expression estimation was performed using
flow cytometry (FC) and monoclonal antibodies (Abacam Co.) specific to the N-terminal domain of the human ER-β protein (clone
14C8). We have shown the possibility of cell fixation in a 4%-formaldehyde solution while varying the number of cells in the
suspension, which allows one to examine tumor specimens obtained both during surgery and endoscopic examination of patients
and tumor biopsies. Overnight incubation for (15–20 h), with primary antibodies and incubation with secondary antibodies for
1.5 h is recommended for use in clinical practice because of it optimizes the sensitivity of the method, reduces antibody
expenses, and is convenient. Breast cancer cells of the MCF-7 line as a reference culture and a range of antibody concentration
of 0.06, 1.2, and 2.5 μg/ml are recommended as controls for the antibody activity. The range of antibody concentration of
1.2, 2.5, and 5 μg/ml is recommended for use in the quantitative estimation of ER-β expression in human solid tumors, which
covers both the linear dependence region of fluorescent specific staining on antibody concentrations and the plateau region
of staining all the cells in the investigated cell suspension and, as a consequence, in the examined tumor. 相似文献
16.
We have developed a method for measuring 17 sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides in human urine. Urine samples were extracted using
solid phase extraction (SPE), preconcentrated, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
using turboionspray atmospheric pressure ionization. Carbon 13-labeled ethametsulfuron methyl was used as an internal standard.
Chromatographic retention times were under 7 minutes. Total throughput was estimated as >100 samples per day. Because only
one labeled internal standard was available for the analysis, we were forced to reconsider and restructure the validation
process to include stringent stability tests and analyses of urine matrices of differing compositions. We describe our restructured
validation process and the critical evaluation it provides for the method developed. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged
from 0.05 μg/L to 0.10 μg/L with an average LOD of 0.06 μg/L. Average total relative standard deviations were 17%, 12% and
8% at 0.1 μg/L, 3.0 μg/L and 10 μg/L, respectively. Average extraction efficiencies of the SPE cartridges were 87% and 86%
at 2.5 μg/L and 25 μg/L, respectively. Chemical degradation in acetonitrile and urine was monitored over 250 days. Estimated
days for 10% and 50% degradation in urine and acetonitrile ranged from 0.7 days to >318 days. The influence of matrix effects
on precision and accuracy was also explored.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at
For additional information, contact Anderson Olsson at 相似文献
17.
A highly sensitive and very simple spectrophotometric flow-injection analysis (FIA) method for the determination of iron(III)
at low concentration levels is presented. The method is based on the measurement of absorbance intensity of the red complex
at 410 nm formed by iron(III) and diphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt (DPA-4-SA). It is a simple, highly sensitive,
fast, and low cost alternative method using the color developing reagent DPA-4-SA in acetate buffer at pH 5.50 and the flow-rate
of 1 mL min−1 with the sample throughput of 60 h−1. The method provided a linear determination range between 5 μg L−1 and 200 μg L−1 with the detection limit (3S) of 1 μg L−1 of iron(III) using the injection volume of 20 μL. FIA variables influencing the system performance were optimized. The amount
of iron(III) and total iron in river and seawater samples was successfully determined. Repeatability of the measurements was
satisfactory at the relative standard deviation of 3.5 % for 5 determinations of 10 μg L−1 iron(III). The accuracy of the method was evaluated using the standard addition method and checked by the analysis of the
certified material Std Zn/Al/Cu 43 XZ3F. 相似文献
18.
Lei Zhang Liang Xu Xiao-Jie Tan Qiong-Feng Liao Wei Guo Xiao-Hui Chen Kai-Shun Bi 《Chromatographia》2007,66(1-2):115-120
A sensitive and reliable ion-paired high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been established for the simultaneous
quantification of six major active ingredients, namely baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, oxysophocarpine, oxymatrine and matrine
in the Chinese herbal preparation, Sanwu-Huangqin-Tang. HPLC analyses were performed on a Phenomenex luna C18 column with mobile phase of methanol–acetonitrile–aqueous phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 0.9 mL min−1. The complete separation was achieved within 35 min for the six target constituents. A good linear regression relationship
between peak-areas and concentrations was obtained over the range of 12.10–242.0 μg*mL−1 for baicalin, 5.05–101.0 μg*mL−1 for baicalein, 0.95–19.0 μg*mL−1 for wogonin, 2.75–55.0 μg*mL−1 for oxysophocarpin, 2.75–55.0 μg*mL−1 for oxymatrine and 4.90–98.0 μg*mL−1 for matrine, respectively. The repeatability was evaluated by intra- and inter-day assays with relative standard deviation
(RSD) being less than 5.1%. The recoveries, measured at three concentration levels, varied from 93.8 to 102.1%. The assay
was successfully applied for determination of six bioactive compounds in Sanwu-Huangqin-Tang. The interaction of chemical
constituents was observed when the herbs were used in compatibility. The results indicated that the developed assay method
was rapid, accurate and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for Sanwu-Huangqin-Tang. 相似文献
19.
Magdalena Michulec Piotr Konieczka Jacek Namieśnik 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2007,12(5):257-262
This paper describes the validation of a HS-GC-FID method (based on the Pharmacopeia’s method) for the determination of ethanol
content in tablets. A general view of the procedure development/optimization process is presented. The main point of this
study is the calculation of validation parameters. Selectivity of the method was determined. Linearity (r > 0.997) was observed in the range from 9.0 to 3,040 μg of ethanol per sample (because the mass of the tablets used was around
200 mg, this corresponds to 45–15,200 μg g−1). The method showed good recoveries (average 99.0%), and a relative standard deviation for repeatability and intermediate
precision of 4.5% and 5.5% respectively. The limit of detection was calculated to be 3.0 μg of ethanol per sample (15 μg g−1). The uncertainty budget was done according to the "Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement" (GUM)[1], and a relative expanded uncertainty was estimated as 4.8%. 相似文献
20.
Saito T Fukushima T Yui Y Miyazaki S Nakamoto A Namera A Inokuchi S 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2011,400(1):25-31
We present a method based on monolitic spin column extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry as an analytical method
for screening diquat (DQ), paraquat (PQ), and fenitrothion in serum and urine. This method is useful for clinical and forensic
toxicological analyses. Recovery of DQ, PQ, and fenitrothion from serum and urine, spiked at concentrations between 0.1, 2.5,
20, and 45 μg/ml, ranged from 51.3% to 106.1%. Relative standard deviation percentages were between 3.3% and 14.8%. Detection
and quantitation limits for serum and urine were 0.025 and 0.05 μg/ml, respectively, for DQ, 0.1 and 0.1 μg/ml, respectively,
for PQ, and 0.025 and 0.05 μg/ml, respectively, for fenitrothion. Therefore, these compounds can be detected and quantified
in the case of acute poisoning. 相似文献