激光陀螺光路变动分析及其对陀螺性能的影响

分析了腔平移镜这一引起激光陀螺光路变动的主要因素,旨在揭示腔平移镜影响激光陀螺内部光路的机理及其影响的大小。通过分析计算得出,腔平移镜歪扭引起激光陀螺内部光束通过光栏中心位置时产生的横向位移相当于光栏半径10%~20%的变化。通过搭建光路测试系统,验证了腔平移镜歪扭的变化主要造成了激光陀螺内部光束通过光栏中心位置的变化这一结论,分析了这一变化对激光陀螺性能影响的机理。     

激光陀螺抖动控制电路高精度数字化设计

随着激光陀螺电路系统数字化,小型化的不断发展。传统的机抖激光陀螺模拟偏频系统由于存在体积大,难以进行精确控制的缺点而在使用中受到极大限制。本文设计了一种基于DSP的数字机抖偏频控制系统,提出了数字机抖偏频控制系统原理,实现了一种周期性锯齿波噪声的注入。实验结果表明,数字机抖控制系统工作稳定,激光陀螺测量精度高。     

Model of lock-in in a ring laser and a semiconductor laser gyro

It is assumed that the process of lock-in in a ring laser has a finite transient time. This assumption serves as a basis for developing a semiconductor laser gyro. A semiconductor optical amplifier is applied as an amplifying medium, and a ring resonator represents a long optical fiber. The injection of an external single-frequency light into a ring resonator with subsequent circulation of counterpropagating waves is used. The light characteristics of the semiconductor laser gyro are discussed, and the rotation sensitivity of the gyro is demonstrated.     

四频差动激光陀螺中的粒子数脉动效应

为研究激光陀螺精细模耦合作用,考虑了增益介质中的粒子数脉动效应.从激光器物理原理出发,分析了粒子数脉动效应的产生机制,结合四频差动激光陀螺特点,得出粒子数脉动效应是一种精细模耦合效应,不同激光模式间的拍频使增益介质中粒子数布居差产生调制,进而对模耦合产生影响.数值计算了粒子数脉动在耦合效应中的大小.计算结果表明:粒子数脉动效应和其他耦合效应随腔频变化基本一致,在大多数腔频范围内数值较小,为其他耦合效应的4%以下;在某些腔频范围(如0.37＜ξ＜0.46,0.02＜ξ＜0.06,0.86＜ξ＜0.88)有较大数值,为其他耦合效应的80%以上,在激光陀螺的模耦合分析中不可忽略.     

Online ef fective backscattering estimation for ring laser gyro

Lock-in phenomenon in ring laser gyroscopes is directly related to effective backscattering,which includes both backscattering and nonuniform loss.Effective backscattering often differs in different states and can only be reflected in a working state via online estimation in the working state.Moreover,effective backscattering can result in the intensity modulation of beams in the opposite directions.The effective backscattering parameters can be obtained by measuring the weak modulations in the intensity signals under different rotation rates and by using the curve-fitting method.This letter demonstrates the online estimation of backscattering.     

空间正交三轴激光陀螺的调腔技术

通过分析传统激光陀螺的调腔方式,提出了激光陀螺应在实际工作条件(具有增益能力状态)下进行调腔的观点,以及通过控制其腔长或光程长来控制反射镜的反射方向的调腔方法,并相应地设计了新的腔长控制镜结构。通过全面扫描的方式,找出了空间正交三轴激光陀螺的三腔在高质量运转时的最佳角度控制参数,解决了空间三轴激光陀螺高精度调腔的难题。     

激光陀螺变锁区现象的研究与讨论

通过采用减低转速的办法测得的锁区值推算出的随机游走比用Allan方 差方法拟合的随机游走要大很多. 为了解释这一问题, 建立了动态刻蚀光栅模型, 与以往的研究不同, 本文认为刻蚀光栅效应不只在驻波状态下发生, 在行波状态下也会存在, 而且与拍频频率呈现动态响应的关系. 这种模型得出了锁区随着转速的降低而不断增大的结论, 解释了长期以来困扰激光陀螺研究者的一些问题.     

激光陀螺光电探测器光窗的设计

用平面波计算拍频条纹间距时,因激光器中存在衍射效应,且实际光强分布为高斯型,故给光电探测器光窗尺寸计算带来很大误差(40%),导致系统不能正常工作。为此,以高斯光束为基础,利用光电探测器测得2路信号的相位差,通过数值计算得到2束光拍频条纹间距,由此计算得到理想相位差光电探测器的尺寸。最后,用实验验证了该设计方法的可行性,为RLG光电探测器光窗尺寸的设计提供了一种简单准确的方法。     

机械抖动激光陀螺的高分辨率信号处理

 机械抖动激光陀螺（MDRLG）信号是两路相位差为π/2的正弦拍频信号,一般采用4倍频鉴相输出计数脉冲,利用FIR滤波和抖动剥除等方法解调抖动信号,从而得到外界输入的角速度信息。高速采集MDRLG信号,并细分为相位依次相差π/16的16路信号,实现MDRLG的8倍频、16倍频和32倍频鉴相输出。输出角速率的均方差随着倍频数的提高而减小,信号处理的分辨率得到提高。实验测试和Allan方差分析表明：32倍频时的量化误差Q从4倍频鉴相时的0.327″减小到0.170″,增加MDRLG信号鉴相的倍频数可以减小量化误差。在对MDRLG信号进行抖动剥除解调时,由于量化误差是主要误差源之一,高分辨率信号处理能够有效提高MDRLG角速度测量的精度。     

激光陀螺中的光学抖动及其对锁区的影响分析

为了提高激光陀螺的性能,提出利用光学抖动改善陀螺锁区的方法.研究了环形光路中背向散射对锁区的影响,理想状态下可以消除陀螺的零阶锁区.在微扰条件下对光学抖动下陀螺腔内的光路变化进行了分析计算,得到了使陀螺锁区达到最佳改善的理论光学抖动量并进行了实验研究.实验结果表明:光学抖动可以起到类似机械抖动加噪的效果,改善陀螺的零偏稳定性.     

Direct dither control without external feedback for ring laser gyro

To avoid the lock-in effect, a body dither is introduced for the ring laser gyro (RLG). A dither feedback signal is necessary to control the dither drive signal. In the current dither control method, a piezoelectric or electromagnetic transducer is often used to obtain the dither feedback. The read-out signal of the RLG contains all dither-related information; hence, dither feedback can be obtained from the read-out signal, and external feedback can be reduced. A novel dither controlling method without external feedback is introduced in the present paper. How to control the dither amplitude and track the resonant frequency of the dither motor is described in detail. A comparative experiment is conducted between the old dither control method and the new one. Results show that the output of RLG using the new method has the same accuracy as that using the old method, aside from having more compact circuit dimensions.     

Analysis of nonlinear response in a body dithered ring laser gyro

We present a solution of the dither equation in a ring laser gyro. This solution is based on an application of Floquet theory to the linear equation derived from the original dither equation. The circumvention of the zero locking band as well as the appearance of higher order locking zones are discussed.     

有限冲击响应滤波器在四频激光陀螺中的应用

针对目前四频差动激光陀螺光学解调方案可靠性和温度特性差的特点,介绍一种基于FPGA的数字拍频解调方案。分析了四频差动激光陀螺数字拍频解调对电路系统的需求,对数字拍频解调的关键部件低通滤波器进行了设计与实现。根据四频差动激光陀螺的特性参数计算滤波器的通带截止频率及阻带截止频率,使用MATLAB的滤波器设计和分析工具FDATool完成了有限冲击响应（FIR）数字滤波器的参数设计,并利用Xilinx公司的FPGA集成开发环境ISE实现FIR数字滤波器的片上系统设计。仿真和实验结果表明,所设计的FIR数字滤波器对四频差动激光陀螺的和频分量衰减达到-66 dB,满足四频差动激光陀螺拍频解调的需求,并有助于实现四频差动激光陀螺的小型化和数字化。     

全反射棱镜式激光陀螺标度因数补偿技术

针对全反射棱镜式激光陀螺标度因数随温度周期性变化的现象,根据矩阵光学方法研究了稳频状态下温度变化对环形激光面积的影响,获得了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺标度因数与稳频电压的关系,并得出光束偏移是引起标度因数随温度周期性变化的原因。根据标度因数与稳频电压的关系,建立了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺标度因数补偿模型,通过实验对比了补偿前后标度因数的非线性度。结果表明,根据该补偿模型对全反射棱镜式激光陀螺标度因数进行补偿,标度因数非线性度提高了一个数量级以上,对提高全反射棱镜式激光陀螺的性能具有一定的参考价值。     

曲率变化对激光陀螺损耗及性能的影响研究

为了研究曲率半径变化对激光陀螺性能参数的影响,基于谐振腔理论,建立了衍射损耗理论计算模型,通过仿真计算了曲率变化引起激光陀螺束腰的变化,从而导致衍射损耗的变化。从光阑处衍射损耗对陀螺背向散射的影响出发,分析了束腰对激光陀螺性能的影响。通过分析计算得出:当反射镜曲率变化小于0.3 m时,引起衍射损耗变化3%,导致零偏最大变化约0.013;当反射镜曲率变化0.6 m时,引起衍射损耗变化约15%,导致零偏最大变化约0.021;而曲率半径变化大于1.5 m时,衍射损耗变化达30%以上,这将引起谐振腔失谐即无法产生激光振荡。通过改变不同曲率,测量陀螺腔损耗和性能,所得的试验结果和理论计算一致,曲率半径变化对衍射损耗和陀螺性能影响较为显著。     

Polarization properties in a prism laser gyro with mechanical dither bias

<正>Theoretical analysis and experimental research on the polarization properties of output light in gyro are carried out to investigate the phenomenon that the amplitude of an output voltage signal is modulated by dither bias in laser gyros consisting of totally reflecting prisms.Taking the effect of prism stress birefringence into account,an analytical formula of the output light intensity in the gyro and the relationship between the polarization parameter and the amplitude modulation of the output signal are obtained and discussed.For the first time,the polarized power value of the output light is adopted as a basis to estimate the output signal amplitude fading extent of laser gyros.Experimental results demonstrate that when the value of polarized power of output light is below 25.5%of that in ideal static case,the standard error is over 0.0337 dBm,and the displacement extent of the prism is higher than 53%of the radius of the beam waist in the gyro cavity,the amplitude modulation extent of gyro output signal can reach up to 16%,which badly influences the measurement accuracy of the laser gyro.Using this polarized power detecting measurement method can repair the gyro immediately during its fabrication process,improve the testing and production efficiency and shorten the product development cycle.     

机械抖动激光陀螺新型信号处理方法的研究

针对高速采样低通滤波的线性脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器在机械抖动激光陀螺(MDRLG)信号处理中存在着较大的时延,限制MDRLG在快速跟踪中的应用,基于相关滤波技术提出了一种新的信号处理方法。对这一方法的基本理论进行了分析,并基于Labview实现了仿真。相关滤波后,激光陀螺输出中的抖动信号衰减了约41dB,还不能达到激光陀螺应用的要求,可以适当加一低阶的FIR低通滤波器去除抖动剥除后剩余的抖动成分和高频噪声。在静态条件下用这三种信号处理方法分别对激光陀螺零偏进行了测试。相关滤波法所测得零偏稳定性(1σ00)比50阶FIR滤波器差了将近三倍,相关滤波后再经过22阶的FIR低通滤波测得的零偏稳定性比50阶FIR低通滤波器的测试结果大了不足0.001°/h,延迟时间却从4.9ms减小至2.1ms。