气相色谱-质谱法测定肝脏组织中盐酸克伦特罗和盐酸菜克多巴胺

建立了同时测定动物肝组织中盐酸克伦特罗和盐酸莱克多巴胺残留量的固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析方法。动物肝组织样品在碱化的条件下用乙酸乙酯和异丙醇混合溶剂提取，提取液浓缩后用乙酸乙酯溶解，然后再用稀盐酸反萃取去除脂肪，调pH值后经SCX固相萃取（SPE）柱净化，洗脱液经氮气吹干后经双三甲基硅基三氟乙酰氨（BSTFA）衍生，采用选择离子模式（盐酸克伦特罗：86、212、262、277，盐酸莱克多巴胺：163、192、234、250）进行测定，外标法定量。盐酸克伦特罗和盐酸莱克多巴胺的检出限分别为0．30和1．00μg／kg。盐酸克伦特罗添加浓度在1．0～5．0μg／kg范围内，添加回收率为77．4％～88．3％；相对标准偏差（RSD）为3．1％～5．1％；盐酸莱克多巴胺添加浓度在4．0～20．0μg／kg，添加回收率为69．8％～82．1％；相对标准偏差（RSD）为3．5％～4．9％；衍生物的峰面积与被测物浓度分别在0．003～1．00mg／L和0．012～4．00mg／L范围内呈良好的线性关系，线性回归系数均大于0．999。     

母乳中甲硝唑药物代谢动力学的毛细管电泳研究

用毛细管电泳测定了甲硝唑在母乳中的含量,研究了其药代动力学。以液－液萃取作为样品预处理手段,萃取回收率在９０％～１０１％范围内。以替硝唑作为内标,采用场放大进样。该法在甲硝唑质量浓度为０．４０～２５．６７ｍｇ／Ｌ时,甲硝唑质量浓度和甲硝唑与替硝唑的峰面积之比呈线性,线性相关系数（ｒ）大于０．９９９,最低检测量为０．４０ｍｇ／Ｌ,检出限（Ｓ／Ｎ＝３）为０．１５ｍｇ／Ｌ,相对峰面积的相对标准偏差为１．     

二（2，4，4－三甲基戊基）膦酸从盐酸介质中萃取钍（Ⅳ）的机理

研究了二（２，４，４－三甲基戊基）膦酸（ＢＴＭＰＰＡ，ＨＡ）的正辛烷溶液从盐酸介质中萃取钍（Ⅳ）的机理。在未控制离子强度下，萃取平衡反应为：，在控制离子强度为１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，萃取反应为用饱和法确定的萃合物组成为ＴｈＣＩＡ＿３．计算了萃取反应的平衡常数及热力学函数。研究了饱和萃合物的ＩＲ和ＮＭＲ谱。     

催化还原褪色光度法测定粉煤灰中微量铜

在ＰＨ５．０的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲休系中,痕量Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）催化抗坏血酸还原偶氮胭脂红Ｂ的褪色反应,褪色程度与Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）量在一定范围内线性相关。建立了测定痕量Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）的光度法,检出限为３．５＊１０＾－１１ｇ／ｍＬ,褪色程度与Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）量在０．０－２．０μｇ／Ｌ范围内符合比耳定律。本法结合Ｎ５３０－Ｎ５１０混合萃取剂萃取分离,测定了粉煤灰中的微量铜。     

盐酸氨溴索在碳糊电极上阳极伏安法的研究

在０．５ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｈ２ＳＯ４底液中，用碳糊电极阳极伏安法测定盐酸氨溴索，被测的阳极峰电位为１．１０Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ），另外，在０．４６Ｖ处还产生一对可逆的氧化还原峰。１．１０ Ｖ处的峰电流与盐酸氨溴索的浓度在３．９８×１０~（－７）～６．３４ × １０~（－５）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内呈良好的线性关系，该方法的检出下限为３．０ × １０~（－８）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。用标准加入法测得回收率范围为９２．８％～１０２％，ＲＳＤ为２．９％（ｎ＝１０）。对电极响应机理进行了初步探讨，氨溴索在１．１０ Ｖ处的氧化为不可逆过程，其氧化产物在０．４６０Ｖ处产生一对２电子２质子受扩散控制的可逆波，用该波也可进行定量测定并且干扰较少，但灵敏度略低。     

手性氨基醇（R）－2－氨基－1，1－二苯基－3－（2－萘基）－1－丙醇：制备及其对前手性酮硼烷还原的对映选择性催化作用

用丙二酸酯法合成了Ｎ－乙酰基－３－（２－萘基）－ＤＬ－α－丙氨酸乙酯３．３经酶法拆分，得光学活性的Ｄ－３，后者经盐酸水解、酯化后再与苯基溴化镁作用，制得标题化合物６。在０．５ｍｍｏｌ６存在下，用过量硼烷对一系列前手性酮还原，得到了相应的光学活性二级醇。对映体过量（ｅ．ｅ值）５７．０～１００％。     

薄层光密度法测定低含量的N—（α—萘基）咔唑和N—（β—萘基）咔唑

测定了光诱导ＳＲＮ１反应生成的Ｎ－（α－萘基）咔唑和Ｎ－（β－萘基）。光化学反应产物用硅胶板展开，外标法定量，测定波长２８８ｎｍ斑点的线性范围０～２μｇ，回收率１００．５％，相对标准偏差４．８％，Ｎ－（α－萘基）咔唑含量＜１％，Ｎ－（β－萘基）咔唑含量２．２６％。     

苯基荧光酮－TritonX－100荧光熄灭法测定微量钼研究

本文用荧光熄灭法研究了苯基荧光酮－ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００－Ｍｏ（Ⅵ）体系的测定方法及条件。在ｐＨ１．０～３．０的盐酸介质中，Ｍｏ（Ⅵ）检测限为０．２μｇ／２５ｍＬｆｆ在０．２～２．０μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围内具有线性关系。本法灵敏度高，选择性好，用于检测球墨铸铁中的微量钼，结果满意。     

钴硫氰酸根离子缔合—萃取光度法测定盐酸布比卡因

本文提出了在Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基酰胺（ＤＭＦ）存在下，用萃取光度法研究了盐酸布比卡因与钴硫氰酸根络阴离子生成的离子缔合物的实验条件及反应机理，并用于实际样品的测定，获得了良好的效果。实验结果表明，由于ＤＦＭ对二氯甲烷的协同作用，使反应体系较之单一溶萃取更稳定、更灵敏。     

水杨醛缩7—氨基—8—羟基喹啉—5—磺酸催化荧光法测定痕量钒（V）

水杨醛缩－７－氨基－８－羟基喹啉－５－磺酸（简称Ｓ７Ｎ８Ｑ５Ｓ）在酸性介质中分解，产物呈现荧光，Ｖ（Ⅴ）对该反应具有催化作用，本文建立了催化荧光法测定痕量钒的新方法。体系在ＰＨ＝２的柠檬酸钠－盐酸缓冲溶液中，λｅｘ／λｅｍ＝３４２／４９９（ｎｍ）。测定Ｖ（Ⅴ）的最佳反应条件为０．０４％Ｓ７Ｎ８Ｑ５Ｓ５．０ｍＬ，５％ＫＢｒＯ３５．０ｍＬ，缓冲溶液５．０ｍＬ，９０℃加热５ｍｉｎ。Ｖ（Ⅴ）含量在１２．０     

钴硫氰酸根离子缔合－萃取光度法测定盐酸布比卡因

本文提出了在Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺（ＤＭＦ）存在下，用萃取光度法研究了盐酸布比卡因与钴硫氰酸根络阴离子生成的离子缔合物的实验条件及反应机理，并用于实际样品的测定，获得了良好的效果。实验结果表明，由于ＤＦＭ对二氯甲烷的协同作用，使反应体系较之单一溶剂萃取更稳定、更灵敏。     

Thermal characterization of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres containing bupivacaine base polymorphs

Solid-state chemistry of bupivacaine base, obtained by precipitation from bupivacaine hydrochloride solutions with ammonia, was investigated. Two bupivacaine base polymorphs (Form I: T _m=105.6±0.0°C; Form II: T _m=97.6±0.2°C) were isolated depending on the precipitation conditions and characterised by thermal analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. No weight loss was evidenced by TG confirming that no solvate formation had occurred. Biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolides) microspheres containing bupivacaine base were prepared by spray-drying. In the microspheres bupivacaine base was present as the metastable low melting crystal form independently of the bupivacaine base / poly(lactide-co-glycolides) ratio.     

毛细管电泳电致化学发光检测血浆中布比卡因

布比卡因是一种外科局部麻醉剂,使用过量会导致中枢神经系统和心脏血管系统中毒^[1],可引起心脏停博.高效液相色谱和毛细管电泳(CE)^[2]是该药常用的检测方法.     

Isolation of highly pure erlotinib hydrochloride by recrystallization after nucleophilic substitution of an impurity with piperazine

Optimized synthesis and purification of erlotinib hydrochloride (N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6,7-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazoline-4-amine hydrochloride) were studied. Highly polar piperazine was used in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with the chlorinated intermediate byproduct N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6(2-chloroethoxy)-7-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-4-amine hydrochloride. As a result, N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6(2-chloroethoxy)-7-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-4-amine hydrochloride was completely transformed to N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6(2-piperzinoethoxy)-7-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-4-amine hydrochloride. The polarity of N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6(2-piperzinoethoxy)-7-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-4-amine hydrochloride was changed, and its molecule was enlarged. It was easy to remove this larger, more polar, compound by recrystallization. Highly pure erlotinib hydrochloride was obtained with low impurity content (<1 %). The purity of erlotinib hydrochloride was >99.9 %.     

盐酸雷尼替丁印迹聚合物膜电极的制备与应用

研究了盐酸雷尼替丁印迹聚合物离子选择性电极的制备、特性及应用。该电极在1.0×10-5～1.0×10-2mol/L范围内表现能斯特响应,斜率为-28.18mV/pC,检测下限为5.2×10-6mol/L,原料回收率为96.8%～104.6%。该电极与先前报道的电极相比,具有更高的选择性、灵敏性和抗干扰性。利用该电极对雷尼替丁原料、胶囊含量进行了测定,结果与药典法一致。     

同步荧光测定法同时测定盐酸普萘洛尔和盐酸氟桂利嗪

提出了用同步荧光测定法同时测定盐酸普萘洛尔和盐酸氟桂利嗪。试验表明:荧光检测盐酸普萘洛尔的波长宜选定296nm、盐酸氟桂利嗪的波长宜选定263nm、波长差Δλ为50nm条件下进行同步扫描。盐酸普萘洛尔和盐酸氟桂利嗪的质量浓度分别在1.2×10-6～2.8×10-3g.L-1和2.0×10-5～3.6×10-3g.L-1范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为3.2×10-7g.L-1和6.8×10-6g.L-1。方法用于混合样品中盐酸普萘洛尔与盐酸氟桂利嗪含量的同时测定,回收率在97.5%～101.1%和97.5%～101.7%之间。     

醇与离子液体二元双水相体系萃取盐酸多西环素

基于小分子醇双水相体系和离子液体双水相体系,建立了正丙醇与亲水性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸[Bmim]BF4和(NH4)2SO4形成的二元双水相体系萃取盐酸多西环素的新方法。考察了(NH4)2SO4含量、正丙醇用量、pH值、离子液体含量以及盐酸多西环素含量对盐酸多西环素分配行为的影响。结果表明:当醇和离子液体二元双水相体系的pH值在4.0～5.0范围内,(NH4)2SO4含量为34%,且盐酸多西环素的质量浓度在25～95 mg/L之间时,该体系对盐酸多西环素的萃取率可达90.26%～95.71%,分配系数可达62.452～149.401。     

Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of metformin hydrochloride and glibenclamide in binary mixtures using combined discrete and continuous wavelet transforms

In this work, a combined discrete and continuous wavelet transform analysis was developed for simultaneous spectrophotometric determinations of metformin hydrochloride and glibenclamide, two antidiabetic drugs, in binary mixtures without any chemical pretreatment. Absorption spectra were subjected to the 4-level db4 discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for signal de-noising. Selected continuous wavelet transform (CWT) families (rbio3.1 with scaling factor, a = 80, and gaus2, a = 60) were applied on these de-noised signals. Finally, a zero-crossing technique was used for the construction of calibration curves for both drugs. The proposed method was validated by analyzing synthetic mixtures of the investigated drugs with various concentrations. The amount of metformin hydrochloride and glibenclamide were determined by using CWT amplitudes in zero-crossing points. The mean recovery values of metformin hydrochloride and glibenclamide were found between 98.6-102.0 and 97.9-102.4% for rbio3 and 98.3-101.2 and 97.1-101.4% for gaus2 families, respectively. The obtained results showed that the developed method is a simple, rapid and precise procedure for the simultaneous determination of metformin hydrochloride and glibenclamide in binary mixtures.     

Study of the polymorphic behaviour of some local anesthetic drugs

The local anesthetic drug tetracaine hydrochloride is described in the Europ. Pharmacopea with a melting point of 148°C or with a range of 134 to 147°C due to the melting points of two other forms. The polymorphic behaviour of tetracaine hydrochloride has been studied by using thermal treatments, storage at 92% r.h., crystallizations and equilibrations with saturated solutions. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR, thermal analysis and elemental analysis. Since some findings were difficult to interpret, temperature resolved X-ray diffraction was used additionally for the understanding of the thermal behaviour of tetracaine hydrochloride. In this study the polymorphic behaviour of some other local anesthetic drugs is compared. Ten different forms of tetracaine hydrochloride: six anhydrous crystalline forms, an amorphous form, a hemihydrate, a monohydrate and a tetrahydrate were identified. The relationships between all forms are given. The heating curve of the commercial form 1 is very dependent on the heating rate. This anhydrous form 1 is the thermodynamic stable modification at ambient temperature. The form 2 is reversibly enantiotrope to form 1. The four other modifications called 3, 4, 5 and 6 are monotropes of form 1. Only forms 1 and 5 are stable at ambient temperature. Form 1 is hygroscopic only at high humidity level of 92% r.h., form 5 is hygroscopic at 61% r.h. Both transform into the monohy-drate. No polymorphic forms of tetracaine base, dibucaine hydrochloride, procaine hydrochloride or prilocaine hydrochloride were found. The commercial form of bupivacaine hydrochloride is a monohydrate. Thermal treatment at 200°C gives one anhydrous form. As demonstrated by temperature resolved X-ray diffraction two other forms are detected by heating and cooling processes between 100 and 170°C. Equilibrations and crystallization experiments show that solvates are easily obtained in different solvents. Temperature resolved X-ray diffraction is a very efficient tool as a support to DSC for the identification of the transition processes and interpretation of thermal events and thermodynamic relationships. Equilibration experiments are very adequate to find out the thermodynamically stable form at ambient temperature (solvent mediated transitions).     

测定盐酸西布曲明的电位传感器的研制与应用

以四苯硼酸钠与盐酸西布曲明生成的离子缔合物为电活性物质,研制了盐酸西布曲明传感器。试验表明:盐酸西布曲明聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜传感器对盐酸西布曲明具有良好的选择性和电位响应特性。在pH 5的溶液中,电极电位呈现近能斯特响应,线性范围为1.0×10-6～1.0×10-1mol.L-1,斜率为50 mV.pc-1(26℃),检出限(3S/N)为5.62×10-7mol.L-1。将电极用于药物中盐酸西布曲明含量的测定,测得回收率为97.3%～100.2%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于2%。