Regularity conditions for semigroups of isotone transformations of countable chains

Let Γ be a linearly ordered set (a chain), O(Γ) be the semigroup of all isotone transformations of Γ (i.e., order-preserving transformations). We find some necessary and some sufficient conditions on the chain Γ for the semigroup O(Γ) to be regular. For example, if Γ is a complete chain with a maximal element and a minimal one, then O(Γ) is regular. In particular, O(Γ) is regular if Γ is finite. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for the regularity of O(Γ) in the case where Γ is countable. __________ Translated from Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Matematika, Vol. 12, No. 8, pp. 97–104, 2006.     

The Least Regular Order with Respect to a Regular Congruence on Ordered Γ-Semigroups

The motivation mainly comes from the conditions of congruences to be regular that are of importance and interest in ordered semigroups. In 1981, Sen has introduced the concept of the Γ-semigroups. We can see that any semigroup can be considered as a Γ-semigroup. In this paper, we introduce and characterize the concept of the regular congruences on ordered Γ-semigroups and prove the following statements on an ordered Γ-semigroup M : (1) Every ordered semilattice congruences is a regular congruence. (2) There exists the least regular order on the Γ-semigroup M/ρ with respect to a regular congru- ence ρ on M . (3) The regular congruences are not ordered semilattice congruences in general.     

A Note on Adjacency-Transitivity of a Graph and Its Complement

We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a graphical regular representation to be adjacency-transitive, and provide an infinite family of finite simple undirected vertex-transitive graphs Γ, such that neither Γ nor Γ ^c is adjacency-transitive. Revised: March 24, 1998     

Automorphisms of Maps with a Given Underlying Graph and Their Application to Enumeration

A graph is called a semi-regular graph if its automorphism group action on its ordered pair of adjacent vertices is semi-regular. In this paper, a necessary and sufficient condition for an automorphism of the graph F to be an automorphism of a map with the underlying graph F is obtained. Using this result, all orientation-preserving automorphisms of maps on surfaces (orientable and non-orientable) or just orientable surfaces with a given underlying semi-regular graph F are determined. Formulas for the numbers of non-equivalent embeddings of this kind of graphs on surfaces (orientable, non-orientable or both) are established, and especially, the non-equivalent embeddings of circulant graphs of a prime order on orientable, non-orientable and general surfaces are enumerated.     

Averaging of integral functionals related to domains of frame-type periodic structure with thin channels

We establish the Γ-convergence of a sequence of integral functionals related to domains of frame-type periodic structure with thin channels. We obtain a representation for the integrand of a Γ-limit functional.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Superscript>2</Superscript>-rigidity in von Neumann algebras

We introduce the notion of L ²-rigidity for von Neumann algebras, a generalization of property (T) which can be viewed as an analogue for the vanishing of 1-cohomology into the left regular representation of a group. We show that L ²-rigidity passes to normalizers and is satisfied by nonamenable II₁ factors which are non-prime, have property Γ, or are weakly rigid. As a consequence we obtain that if M is a free product of diffuse von Neumann algebras, or if M=LΓ where Γ is a finitely generated group with β₁ ⁽²⁾(Γ)>0, then any nonamenable regular subfactor of M is prime and does not have properties Γ or (T). In particular this gives a new approach for showing solidity for a free group factor thus recovering a well known recent result of N. Ozawa.     

The structure of ?*-inverse semigroups

The concepts of ℒ*-inverse semigroups and left wreath products of semigroups are introduced. It is shown that the ℒ*-inverse semigroup can be described as the left wreath product of a type A semigroup Γ and a left regular band B together with a mapping which maps the semigroup Γ into the endomorphism semigroup End(B). This result generalizes the structure theorem of Yamada for the left inverse semigroups in the class of regular semigroups. We shall also provide a constructed example for the ℒ*-inverse semigroups by using the left wreath products.     

Iterative Approximation of Statistical Distributions and Relation to Information Geometry

The optimal control of stochastic processes through sensor estimation of probability density functions is given a geometric setting via information theory and the information metric. Information theory identifies the exponential distribution as the maximum entropy distribution if only the mean is known and the Γ distribution if also the mean logarithm is known. The surface representing Γ models has a natural Riemannian information metric. The exponential distributions form a one-dimensional subspace of the two-dimensional space of all Γ distributions, so we have an isometric embedding of the random model as a subspace of the Γ models. This geometry provides an appropriate structure on which to represent the dynamics of a process and algorithms to control it. This short paper presents a comparative study on the parameter estimation performance between the geodesic equation and the B-spline function approximations when they are used to optimize the parameters of the Γ family distributions. In this case, the B-spline functions are first used to approximate the Γ probability density function on a fixed length interval; then the coefficients of the approximation are related, through mean and variance calculations, to the two parameters (i.e. μ and β) in Γ distributions. A gradient based parameter tuning method has been used to produce the trajectories for (μ, β) when B-spline functions are used, and desired results have been obtained which are comparable to the trajectories obtained from the geodesic equation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

One-regular Normal Cayley Graphs on Dihedral Groups of Valency 4 or 6 with Cyclic Vertex Stabilizer

A graph G is one-regular if its automorphism group Aut（G） acts transitively and semiregularly on the arc set. A Cayley graph Cay（Г, S） is normal if Г is a normal subgroup of the full automorphism group of Cay（Г, S）. Xu, M. Y., Xu, J. （Southeast Asian Bulletin of Math., 25, 355-363 （2001）） classified one-regular Cayley graphs of valency at most 4 on finite abelian groups. Marusic, D., Pisanski, T. （Croat. Chemica Acta, 73, 969-981 （2000）） classified cubic one-regular Cayley graphs on a dihedral group, and all of such graphs turn out to be normal. In this paper, we classify the 4-valent one-regular normal Cayley graphs G on a dihedral group whose vertex stabilizers in Aut（G） are cyclic. A classification of the same kind of graphs of valency 6 is also discussed.     

Geometrically constrained walls

We address the effect of extreme geometry on a non-convex variational problem. The analysis is motivated by recent investigations of magnetic domain walls trapped by sharp thin necks. To capture the essential issues in the simplest possible setting, we focus on a scalar variational problem with a symmetric double well potential, whose spatial domain is a dumbell with a sharp neck. Our main results are (a) the existence of local minimizers representing geometrically constrained walls, and (b) an asymptotic characterization of the wall profile. Our analysis uses methods similar to Γ-convergence; in particular, the wall profile minimizes a certain “reduced problem” – the limit of the original problem, suitably rescaled near the neck. The structure of the wall depends critically on the choice of scaling, specifically the ratio between length and width of the neck.     

Dirichlet forms for diffusion in ℝ<Superscript>2</Superscript> and jumps on fractals: The regularity problem

We define a Dirichlet form ɛ describing diffusion in ℝ ^d and jumps in a fractal Γ ⊂ ℝ ^d . The jump measure J is defined as an image of a jump measure j of a process in a non-Archimedean metric space. As the result the jump intensity depends on the hierarchical structure of Γ rather than the geometric distance in ℝ ^d . For a class of fractals in ℝ² we find a condition on the measure j so that the Dirichlet form ɛ is regular. The condition is given in terms of Hausdorff dimension of Γ.     

L P-Integrability of derivatives of Riemann mappings on Ahlfors-David regular curves

In 1981, Hayman and Wu proved that for any simply connected domain Ω and any Riemann mappingF: Ω →D,F′ ∈ L¹ (L ∩ Ω), whereL is any line in the complex plane. Several years later, Fernández, Heinonen and Martio showed that there is anε > 0 such thatF′ ∈ L^1+∈(L ∩ Ω). The question arises as to which curves other than lines satisfy such a statement. A curve Γ is said to be Ahlfors-David regular if there is a constantA such that for any B(x, r) (the disk of radiusr centered atx), l(Γ ∩ B(x, r))≤ Ar. The major result of the paper is the following theorem: Let Γ be an Ahlfors-David regular curve with constantA. Then there exists an∈ > 0, depending only onA, such thatF′ ∈ L^1+∈(Γ ∩ Ω). This result is the synthesis of the extension of Fernández, Heinonen and Martio, and the result of Bishop and Jones showing thatF′ ∈ L¹(Γ ∩ Ω). The proof of the results uses a stopping-time argument which seeks out places in the curve where small pieces may be added in order to control the portions of the curve where |F′ | is large. This is accomplished with an estimate on the vanishing of the harmonic measure of the curve in such places. The paper also includes simpler arguments for the special cases where Γ = ∂Ω and Γ ⊂Ω.     

Bipartite Distance-regular Graphs, Part I

Let Γ=(X,E) denote a bipartite distance-regular graph with diameter D≥4, and fix a vertex x of Γ. The Terwilliger algebra T=T(x) is the subalgebra of Mat _X(C) generated by A, E ^* ₀, E ^* ₁,…,E ^* _D, where A denotes the adjacency matrix for Γ and E ^* _i denotes the projection onto the i ^TH subconstituent of Γ with respect to x. An irreducible T-module W is said to be thin whenever dimE ^* _i W≤1 for 0≤i≤Di. The endpoint of W is min{i|E ^* _i W≠0}. We determine the structure of the (unique) irreducible T-module of endpoint 0 in terms of the intersection numbers of Γ. We show that up to isomorphism there is a unique irreducible T-module of endpoint 1 and it is thin. We determine its structure in terms of the intersection numbers of Γ. We determine the structure of each thin irreducible T-module W of endpoint 2 in terms of the intersection numbers of Γ and an additional real parameter ψ=ψ(W), which we refer to as the type of W. We now assume each irreducible T-module of endpoint 2 is thin and obtain the following two-fold result. First, we show that the intersection numbers of Γ are determined by the diameter D of Γ and the set of ordered pairs

Approximation by Faber-Laurent rational functions in the mean of functions of callsL p(Γ) with 1

Çavu§  A.  Israfilov  D. M. 《分析论及其应用》1995,11(1):105-118

Critical exponents for groups of isometries

Let Γ be a convex co-compact group of isometries of a CAT(−1) space X and let Γ₀ be a normal subgroup of Γ. We show that, provided Γ is a free group, a sufficient condition for Γ and Γ₀ to have the same critical exponent is that Γ / Γ₀ is amenable.      

A second order minimality condition for the Mumford-Shah functional

A new necessary minimality condition for the Mumford-Shah functional is derived by means of second order variations. It is expressed in terms of a sign condition for a nonlocal quadratic form on H ¹ ₀(Γ), Γ being a submanifold of the regular part of the discontinuity set of the critical point. Two equivalent formulations are provided: one in terms of the first eigenvalue of a suitable compact operator, the other involving a sort of nonlocal capacity of Γ. A sufficient condition for minimality is also deduced. Finally, an explicit example is discussed, where a complete characterization of the domains where the second variation is nonnegative can be given.     

A stability estimate for an elliptic problem

We investigate the Caucy problem for linear elliptic operators withC ^∞-coefficients at a regular domain ℝ ⊂ ℝ, which is a classical example of an ill-posed problem. The Cauchy data are given at the manifold Γ⊂∂Ω and our goal is to obtain a stability estimate inH ₄(Ω).     

A Family of Nonnormal Cayley Digraphs

We call a Cayley digraph Γ = Cay(G, S) normal for G if G _R , the right regular representation of G, is a normal subgroup of the full automorphism group Aut(Γ) of Γ. In this paper we determine the normality of Cayley digraphs of valency 2 on nonabelian groups of order 2p ² (p odd prime). As a result, a family of nonnormal Cayley digraphs is found. Received February 23, 1998, Revised September 25, 1998, Accepted October 27, 1998     

An isomorphism theorem for Teichmüller curves

It is proved that for any Fuchsian group Γ such that ℍ/Γ is a hyperbolic Riemann surface, the Teichmüller curve V(Γ) has a unique complex manifold structure so that the natural projection of the Bers fiber space F(Γ) onto V(Γ) is holomorphic with local holomorphic sections. An isomorphism theorem for Teichmüller curves is deduced, which generalizes a classical result that the Teichmüller curve V(Γ) depends only on the type of Γ and not on the orders of the elliptic elements of Γ when ℍ/Γ is a compact hyperbolic Riemann surface.