利用实验I(L)/I(K)比值改进薄膜无标样定量分析

利用透射扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪,在入射电压V₀为40,80,100,120,160和200kV下,测定了从Ge到Sn八种元素薄膜的标识X射线强度比值I(L)/I(K),并结合Cliff-Lorimerk_XSi因子和它的内插值,扩充了目前仅有的少数几个L系的Cliff-Lorimer因子。为了确定哪个电离截面Q公式最好,比较了利用九种不同Q公式计算出的I(L)/I(K)和我们的实验值I(L)/I(K)。发现两者之间存在着很大的差别。进一步考虑计算强度公式中各物理参量引起的误差后,我们认为上述差别主要来源于不准确的Q公式,而且和实验值符合最好的Fabredela Ripelle的电离截面也需要进行修正。利用我们修正后的Q公式,在V₀为100和200kV下,分析了几种已知成分的样品并和EDAX的分析结果进行了比较。结果表明:在不同电压下,利用不同线系K—K,K—L,我们分析结果的误差有显著的降低。 关键词：     

真空下气-固界面热适应系数的数值计算

根据热适应系数的理论研究成果,结合国外学者的部分实验数据,对气-固界面热适应系数的主要影响因素进行定性的讨论;同时在S.Song和M.M.Yovannovich的公式基础上,最小二乘法拟合国外学者低温下实验测量的热适应系数,采用C语言编程算出拟合公式中的参数,分析拟合公式α=aFM/(b+M)+2.4μ(1-F)/(1+μ)2,F=exp(c(T-T0)/T0)中的参数a,b,c的特性;数值计算迭代收敛和拟合公式的计算误差在±20%以内表明:数值拟合公式可用在工程上计算热适应系数,S.Song和M.M.Yovannovich的公式可数值拟合低温下不同气-固界面的热适应系数的计算公式。     

低速离子在固体中的电子阻止截面

在均匀电子气模型和微扰极限成立的条件下,给出了低迷离子在固体中的电子阻止截面公式。结果表明,低迷离子的电子阻止本领可以表示成只与入射离子性质有关的因子和只与材料性质有关的因子的乘积。这种简化阻止函数的形式被推广到一般的固体材料,从而得出相同速度的离子之间的有效电荷比基本与靶材料无关的结论。给出了一套计算重离子与氢离子有效电荷比的经验公式,由实验资料确定了公式中的参数。采用此有效电荷比公式以及低速氢离子的电子阻止截面数据,很容易计算出低速重离子的电子阻止截面。与实验比较表明,我们给出的公式能很好地描写实验上发现的Z_1和Z_2振荡,而且在实验误差范围内,能很好地描写电子阻止截面S_e随离子能量的变化关系。     

Ho3+:FOG与Ho3+:FOV的光谱学参量计算

通过实验分别测得了掺杂Ho3+(0.5mol%)的氟氧化物玻璃(FOG)样品和掺杂Ho3+(0.5mol%)的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷(FOV)样品的吸收光谱,根据Jubb-Ofelt理论拟合出两种材料强度三参量Ω2,4,6,并且分析了两种材料在强度参量上产生差异的可能原因。再由拟合得到的强度参量值计算出了各激发态之间的振子强度,自发辐射跃迁速率,荧光分支比和积分发射截面等光谱学参量,并且对两种材料的各参量进行了对比分析,Ho3+在FOV和在FOG中的振子强度相差不多,与在YAlO3中大致相同,比在钛酸铝氟化物玻璃(lead borale titanale aluminium fluoride,LBTAF)中稍强,比在LaF3和锆系氟化物玻璃(ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF,ZBLAN)更强。通过分析计算得到的光谱学参量,可以发现有些跃迁,特别是5I 7→5I 8,5 F5→5I 8等,具有比较大的振子强度(大于10-6)和积分发射截面(大于10-18 cm),具备形成激光通道的条件,因此值得关注。总结了几个强发光能级在不同领域的应用前景。     

高能脉冲C~(6+)离子束激发Ni靶的K壳层X射线

精确测量离子与原子碰撞引起的靶原子内壳层电离截面,对研究原子内壳层过程以及建立合适的理论模型具有重要的意义.现有的实验数据和理论模型大都集中在中低能区,高能区由于受到实验条件的限制,几乎没有相关实验数据的报道,哪种理论更适合描述高能重离子入射的靶原子内壳层电离截面,还需要进行深入的实验研究.采用电子冷却存储环提供能量分别为165,300,350,430 MeV/u的C~(6+)离子束轰击Ni靶,测量Ni的K壳层X射线.分析了实验中探测到的Ni的K_β和K_α射线强度比,发现入射粒子能量的变化对该强度比影响不明显.分别应用两体碰撞近似(BEA)、平面波玻恩近似(PWBA)和ECPSSR理论对Ni的K壳层X射线的产生截面进行理论计算,并将理论结果与实验结果进行比较.     

质子与~(52)Cr反应数据理论计算与分析

在质子与48Ti,51V和52Cr反应的去弹截面、弹性散射角分布实验数据的基础上,获得了一组入射质子能量在150 MeV以下的质子与52Cr反应的光学势参数。应用光学模型、扭曲波玻恩近似理论、核内级联模型、蒸发模型、带宽度涨落修正的Hauser-Feshbach理论以及激子模型(含改进的Iwamoto–Harada模型)计算得到了质子与52Cr反应的所有截面、角分布、能谱和双微分截面。对理论计算结果与实验数据以及TENDL中的数据进行了比较分析,结果显示,理论计算结果与实验数据符合较好,且反应道截面优于TENDL的结果。     

转动谱公式的综合研究

利用锕系和稀土偶偶核基转动带(GRB)的实验数据,对目前常用的原子核基转动谱的3类(共8个)公式进行了综合比较,指出了这些公式的转动谱计算值同实验转动谱之间的方均根差.还对I(I+1)四参数展开公式的系数进行了分析,提出了四参数关系的新公式.本文关于ω²展开公式的研究结果,得到了关于ω²展开公式的新结论.对W-Z两参数和三参数公式的分析表明,该公式是一个很好的公式.所有这些结果对于原子核转动谱的深入研究都有着重要的参考价值.     

Fe~(24+)离子双电子复合以及和H_2 碰撞的共振转移与激发X射线发射过程的研究

以准相对论Hartree-Fock理论为基础,对Fe~(24+)离子KLn(n=L,M,N,O,P)共振激发态可能辐射衰变通道的双电子复合过程的共振强度进行了系统的理论计算研究,计算了KLL共振激发态谱项能级电偶极允许跃迁的共振强度和截面,在此基础上,根据已有H_2分子的实验Compton轮廓,进一步计算了能量在300—800 MeV范围内,抛射体Fe~(24+)离子俘获H_2分子靶电子的KLn(n=L,M,N,O,P)共振电荷转移与激发X射线发射截面,计算结果与最新实验值或者其他理论计算结果做了对比分析,研究表明,对于Fe~(24+)离子KLn(n=L,M,N,O,P)的双激发态,Kα辐射衰变通道对双电子复合过程的共振强度贡献最大,是起主导性作用的重要通道,Kα辐射衰变X射线的波长范围λ为1.850—1.880A,而非Kα辐射衰变的波长范围λ为1.460—1.601 A,两者共振X射线的波长位置并不重叠。     

核反应总截面参数化计算

给出了一个计算核反应总截面的参数化公式.用此公式计算了包括低能、中高能区大量系统的核反应总截面,且和实验数据进行了比较.讨论了反应总截面σ_R与中子过剩自由度(N-Z)的关系,以及相互作用半径R与轰击能量E_cm的关系.     

碳离子碰撞引起的金L壳层X射线产生截面的实验研究 （原子分子会议文稿）

实验测量了20-50MeV的C离子和Au原子碰撞中Au产生的L 壳层X射线,研究了Au的L各支壳层产生截面的比值σ（Ll）/σ(Lα) 、σ（Lβ）/σ(Lα)、σ（Lγ）/σ(Lα)和总截面的比值σ（Ltotal）/σ(Lα)并将其绘制成与入射离子能量的关系图。利用L壳层的辐射跃迁几率,Croster-Kroning跃迁率和L亚壳层的荧光产额将平面波波恩近似（PWBA）和ECSSR理论计算的电离截面转换为L层X射线产生截面,并与实验结果相比较,结果表明σ（Ll）/σ(Lα) 、σ（Lγ）/σ(Lα)和总截面的比值σ（Ltotal）/σ(Lα)与ECSSR理论预测结果吻合得比较好,σ（Lβ）/σ(Lα)比两种理论预测的值偏小。     

He particle emission in fast neutron induced reactions

Cross sections for some (n, ³He + dp + n2p) and (n, + 2n2p + n³He + pt + dd + dnp) reactions induced by fast neutrons produced via breakup of 53 MeV deuterons on a Be target (E_n = 4–50 MeV; I_max at 22.5 MeV; FWHM = 15.8 MeV) were measured for isotopes of the elements I, La, Nd, Tb, Ho, Yb, W and Au by the activation technique using high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy, wherever necessary chemical separation, and in several cases enriched isotopes as targets. Furthermore, ³He/ emission cross-section ratios were measured for Co, Ag, In, Cs, La, Ta, Au and Bi using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The cross sections decrease as a function of increasing (N−Z)/A of the target nucleus. For target elements with Z 44, the ³He/ emission cross-section ratio increases with increasing Z; for elements with Z > 44, however, the trend is reversed. Hauser-Feshbach calculations suggest that the ³He/ emission cross-section ratios are not explainable by the statistical model.     

Measurement of the K0 charge radius and a CP-violating asymmetry and a search for CP-violating E1 direct photon emission in the rare decay KL--> pi+ pi- e+ e-

Using the complete KTeV data set of 5,241 candidate K(L)--> pi(+) pi(-) e(+) e(-) decays (including an estimated background of 204 +/- 14 events), we have measured the coupling g(CR)= 0.163 +/- 0.0149(stat) +/- 0.023(syst) of the CP conserving charge radius process and from it determined a K(0) charge radius of = [-0.077 +/- 0.007(stat) +/- 0.011(syst)]fm(2). We have determined a first experimental upper limit of 0.04 (90% C.L.) /g(e1)/ / /g(M1)/ of the couplings for the E1 and M1 direct photon emission processes. We also report the measurement of /g(M1)/ including a vector form factor /g(M1)/(1 + (a(1)/a(2))/((M(2)(p)-(M(2)(k))= 2M(K)E(gamma*)), where vector /g(M1)/= 1.11+/- 0.12(stat) +/- 0.08(syst) and a(1)/a(2) = [-0.744 +/- 0.027(stat) +/- 0.032(syst)] GeV(2)/c(2). Finally, a CP-violating asymmetry of [13.6 +/- 1.4(stat) +/- 1.5(syst)]% in the CP and T odd angle phi between the decay planes of the e(+) e(-) and pi(+) pi(-) pairs in the K(L) center of mass is reported.     

Neutrino cosmology after WMAP 7-year data and LHC first Z' bounds

The gauge-extended U(1)(C)×SU(2)(L)×U(1)(I(R))×U(1)(L) model elevates the global symmetries of the standard model (baryon number B and lepton number L) to local gauge symmetries. The U(1)(L) symmetry leads to three superweakly interacting right-handed neutrinos. This also renders a B-L symmetry nonanomalous. The superweak interactions of these Dirac states permit ν(R) decoupling just above the QCD phase transition: 175 is < or approximately equal to T(ν(R))(dec)/MeV is < or approximately equal to 250. In this transitional region, the residual temperature ratio between ν(L) and ν(R) generates extra relativistic degrees of freedom at BBN and at the CMB epochs. Consistency with both WMAP 7-year data and recent estimates of the primordial 4He mass fraction is achieved for 3相似文献   

K, L and M electron directional correlations in Te

Directional correlations of the cascade in ¹²³Te involving K, L and M electrons from the 89 keV M4 transition have been measured in order to determine the δ(E2/M1) value for the 159 keV transition. The result agrees with that from older correlation measurements, but is in conflict with values derived from Coulomb excitation and lifetime measurements as well as from L subshell ratios.     

FTIR光谱法整体评价蜂王浆新鲜度的研究

测定了在不同温度下经过不同时间贮存后的蜂王浆的FTIR光谱,以新采收蜂王浆的红外谱图为参考标准谱,利用光谱比对软件进行了一系列的相关分析。结果表明：不同贮存条件下的蜂王浆红外光谱图中酰胺Ⅰ带(1 700～1 600 cm-1)波段的相关系数和相对峰强度I_{1 647}/I_{1 541},I_{1 647}/I_{1 409},I_{1 647}/I_{1 247}和I_{1 647}/I_{1 054}都随着蜂王浆贮存时间延长和温度升高而降低,且与贮存时间存在着良好的线性关系,变化幅度顺序为28＞16＞4＞-18 ℃。因此,初步选定红外光谱图中酰胺Ⅰ带的相关系数和4个相对峰强度(I_{1 647}/I_{1 541},I_{1 647}/I_{1 409}、I_{1 647}/I_{1 247}和I_{1 647}/I_{1 054})作为新鲜度的评价指标,相关系数的阈值设定为0.910 0,4个相对峰强度的阈值分别设定为1.744,2.430,3.345和1.412。只要有1个或多个指标低于相应的阈值,可初步判定此蜂王浆是不新鲜的。该方法利用FTIR光谱法并结合计算机辅助解析技术能从宏观上、整体和快速地评价蜂王浆的新鲜度。     

Isomeric cross-section ratios in (n,t) reactions on some medium- and heavy-mass nuclei at 14.6 MeV

Cross sections were measured for the first time for the reactions ⁷⁹Br(n, t)^77mSe, ⁸⁸Sr(n, t)(^86mRb, ¹¹³In(n, t)^111mCd, ¹²⁷I(n, t)^125mTe, ¹⁴¹Pr(n, t) ^139mCe, ¹⁶⁹Tm(n, t)^167mEr and ¹⁸¹Ta(n, t)^179mHf at 14.6±0.4 MeV using the activation technique, wherever necessary radiochemical separations, and high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy. The data lie between 10 and 120 μb. A brief review of isomeric cross-section ratios measured in (n, t) reactions is given, and the ratios are compared qualitatively with those obtained in low-energy (n, γ) reactions as well as in high-energy (n, 2n) processes. The isomeric cross-section ratios are influenced by the reaction energy available and are dependent on the spin of the isomeric state. In (n, t) reactions nuclear states with spins between $\text{3}\text{2}$ and 3 seem to be preferentially populated.     

The spin of the 2,198 keV level in74Ge and multipole mixing ratios of gamma transitions in the decay of74As

Directional-correlation measurements of several cascades in the⁷⁴As decay have been made with a NaI — Ge(Li) detectors system. In the⁷⁴Ge the following cascades were measured: 608–596 keV, 994–1,204 keV, 994-(608)-596 keV and 887-596 keV. The corresponding results give a unique spin assignment of 2 for the 2,198 keV level and determine theE2/M 1 mixing ratios ofδ(608)=3.4±0.4 andδ(994)=?(2.8 ± 0.2). In the⁷⁴Se it was measured the 635-635 keV cascade. The result obtained assigned the spin of the 1,270 keV level as 2 and fixed the E2/M1 mixing ratio of δ(635)=?(2.6 ± 0.2). Also aγ-intensity study has been made to determine the branching ratios of the transitions that deexcite the 1,270 keV level in⁷⁴Se. From these data aI(635)/I(1,270)=12.5 ± 5.0 is obtained.     

稀土区奇奇核πh1／2×vi13／2带B（M1）／B（E2）比值增强特性

在稀土区奇奇核πh1／2×vi13／2转动带中，系统地观测到随转动频率或角动量增加，B(M1)／B(E2)曲线表现出所谓parabola-1ike形状，即在增加到某一转动频率或自旋后，B(M1)／B(E2)比值快速增强。基于推转模型和粒子转子模型关于奇奇核二准粒子转动带磁偶极约化跃迁几率的描述，对稀土区双奇核的这一行为进行了讨论。指出该现象的发生与vi13/2准中子转动顺排特性密切相关。B(M1)／B(E2)比值在接近第二带交叉(即BC准中子对顺排)的较高频率处的增强效果，可以理解为主要来源于带交叉引起的波函数中混合四准粒子成分的结果。通过对B(M1)/B(E2)比值的增强效果发生在较低频率处的分析，对稀土区奇奇核πh1／2×vi13／2带角动量耦合图像有了进一步认识。It is systematically observed that the B(M1)/B(E2) plots with the increasing of rotational frequency, behaves as a so called parabola like shape in the π h11/2 νi13/2 bands of rare earth doubly odd nuclei (i.e., the B(M1)/B(E2) ratios increase rapidly after a certain rotational frequency). Such a phenomenon is discussed based on the formula of magnetic dipole reduced transition probability deduced from the Cranking Shell Model and Particle Rotor Model respectively. It is pointed out that, the occurrence of this behavior is closely related to the alignment nature of the νi 13/2 quasineutron. The increasing of B(M1)/B(E2) occurring at large frequency approaching the second BC crossing can be understood as mainly resulted from the mixing of wave function with the 4 quasiparticle band caused by the band crossing. Insight into the angular momentum coupling scheme between the quasiparticles and collective core in the πh11/2 νi 13/2 structures of rare earth doubly odd nuclei is gained by analyzing the increasing behavior of B(M1)/B(E2) ratios occurring at low rotational frequency.