STUDY ON AB-CROSSLINKED POLYMERS Ⅰ. THE SYNTHESIS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AB-CROSSLINKED POLYMERS BASED. ON PU/PS

The AB-crosslinked polymers (i.e. ABCP) with polystyrene as chain A and vinyl group blocked prepolymers of polyurethanes (PU) as chain B were synthesized and studied. The results of dynamic mechanical spectrometry (DMS) show that the compatibility between the components A and B can be improved greatly through chemical crosslinking during the formation of ABCPs. This effect is especially pronounced when short chain prepolymers is chosen as one of the components. It is apparent that the degree of crosslinking between the two components plays a major role in determining their compatibility. Copolymerizafion of styrene with maleic anhydride in chain A can improve the compatibility and broaden the damping temperature range. Mechanical properties of the sythesized ABCPs were also studied.     

SYNTHESIS OF POLY（3,4-AZOPYRIDYLENE） AND OXYGEN-BINDING AFFINITY OF ITS COMPLEX WITH COBALTPORPHYRIN

Synthesis and characteristics of poly(3,4-azopyridylene) (PAP), conductivity and oxygen-binding affinity of its complex with meso-α,α,α,α-tetrakis(o-pivalamidophenyl) porphyrinatocobalt(Ⅱ) (CoP) were studied. PAP was prepared by oxidative polymerization of 3,4-diaminopyridine (DAP) in DMF solution using CuCl/pyridine as the catalyst. IR and NMR results showed that the peak of amido group in DAP was converted to the azo group in PAP and a π conjugated polymer was synthesized. The average molecular weight of PAP was determined to be 5.0 × 103. The PAP-CoP complex was prepared by complexing the pyridyl group of PAP with the fifth coordination site of CoP in DMF solution. In comparison with the CoP complex with a non-π conjugated polymer, the PAP-CoP complex shows good electroconductivity of 5.8 × 10-6 Scm-1. The PAP-CoP complex displays a reversible change in the UV-Visible absorption spectrum from the deoxy form to the oxy or oxygen-binding one with an isosbestic point, in response to the partial oxygen pressure of the atmosphere. The oxygen-response behavior was monitored at the absorbance ascribed to the oxy form at 548 nm to give the oxygen-binding affinity.The oxygen-binding equilibrium curves of PAP-CoP complex obey a Langmuir isotherm. DMF has great effects on the oxygen-binding properties of the PAP-CoP complex. The oxygen-binding affinity of PAP-CoP complex in the solid state is higher than that in DMF solution. With decreasing temperature, the oxygen-binding affinity of the PAP-CoP complex increases.     

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF COMONOMERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF COPOLYESTERS

The effect of different kinds of comonomers with or without flexible chain on proper-ties of copolyesters, such as transition temperature, crystallization velocity, crystallinityand size of crystallites, is studied. The experimental results indicate the obvious differ-ence in properties between comonomers with iso- and ortho-structure of phenyl ring andcomonomers with flexible chain. The influence of chemical structure of comonomers onproperties of copolyesters is discussed.     

SYNTHESIS AND OPTICAL-ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF POLY [METHYLTETRAPHENYLPHENYLSILYLENE-CO- BIS（METHYLPHENYLSILYL）ACETYLENE]

Poly(methyltetraphenylphenylsilylene-co-bis(methylphenylsilyl)acetylene) (PSA) was synthesized by the cocondensation reaction of methyltetraphenylphenyldichlorosilane and bis(chloromethylphenylsilyl)acetylene with sodium in toluene. The PSA thus obtained was soluble in most organic solvents, and its molecular weight was smaller than that of poly[(disilanylene)acetylenes] with alkyl- or aryl-substitution because of the great steric congestion of tetraphenylphenyl groups. The optical and electronic properties of the polymer were investigated. The results show that PSA has strong UV absorption and fluorescence emission, the maximum UV absorption wavelength of PSA is 330 nm, which shows a considerable red-shift in comparison with that of poly(methylphenylsilylene-co-methylphenylsilylacetylene) (PSI) and alkylsubstituted poly[(disilanylene)acetylenes]. A strong photoluminescence band at 470 nm in THF and 432 nm in benzene can be observed in the visible region, respectively. Treatment of the films of PSA with I2 vapor afforded conducting films. The conductivity of PSA thin film doped with I2 was measured to be 0.35 Scm-1 in the air which is lower than that of poly(methyltetraphenylphenylsilylene-co-bis(methylphenylsilyl)phenylene), but higher than that of σ-π polymers without tetraphenylphenyl groups. As an explanation, the tetraphenylphenyl group is a large π-electron-conjugated group; after being introduced to the Si atoms of the polysilanes, the interaction between π-electrons of the tetraphenylphenyl groups and the σ-electrons conjugated along the Si-Si bonds is increased strongly, and the σ-electrons can be conjugated more extensively along the main chain of the polysilanes.     

Degree of branching of the hyperbranched polymers resulted from ab<Subscript>2</Subscript> polycondensation with substitution effect

The analytical expressions of the various structural units and the average degree of branching for the hyperbranched polymers resulted from AB₂ polycondensation with substitution effect were derived by the kinetic mechanism.The reactivity difference between the B group in linear unit and that in terminal group has great effect on the molecular parameters of the products obtained.The concentration of terminal units has a maximum with the increase of the conversion of A groups（x）.The higher the reactivity ratio（r） of linear B group to branched one is,the later the maximum appears and the larger it is.The degree of branching of the hyperbranched polymers obtained is controllable by adjusting the parameters of r and x,which increases with increasing both x and r.     

STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURE OF FORKED CONJUGATIVE SYSTEMS——THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND CONFORMATION OF 2-BENZOYLTHIOPHENE

The crystal structure and the conformational properties of the title compound have been investigated by means of X-ray single diffraction and the PCILO methods. C_(11)H_8OS belongs to the orthorhombic system, the space group is P2_12_12_1, a=11.945(4), b 10.236(7), c=7.649(4), Z=4, D_c-1.37g/cm~3. The molecule is not planar structure because of steric hindrance. The thiophene ring and the phenyl ring make dihedral angles of 21°(θ_1) and 32°(θ_2) with the carbonyl frame plane, respectively. The lowestenergy conformation obtained by PCILO calculation is in agreement with the crystallinestatc conformation. In this paper, the molecular structure, the influence of steric hindrance and the groups' abilities to conjugate upon the conformation and the variations of the potential energy of the isolated molecule in the whole conformational space are discussed.     

THE CONTROL OF POLYMETHACRYLATE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE BY GROUP TRANSFER POLYMERIZATION

INTRODUCTION Group transfer polymerization (GTP) is a method for controlling the structure of acrylic polymers in which reactive chain ends are covalentiy bound to a trimethylsilyl group. In the presence of a catalyst, monomer inserts into these chain ends between the silyl group and the last monomer unit. The process is illustrated by equation (1) for methyl methacrylate. GTP is a living polymerization, i. e., there is little or no chain termination and no chain transfer. A significant advantage of GTP is that it     

THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE COM PLEX OF THE LYS ACTIVE FRAGMENT OF THE MUNG BEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR WITH BOVINE TRYPSIN

The Lys fragment of mung bean trypsin inhibitor can combine with bovine trypsin to form a complex at an equal molar ratio. The single cxystals of the complex were obtained by using the micro-still-setting method and the X-ray diffraction extended to 1.8 resolution. Its space group is P2_12_12_1 wlth cell dimensions α=62.9(1), b=63.4(1) and c=69.7(2). There is one complex molecule in a crystallographic asymmetric unit.     

STUDY OF MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING OF THE SOIL MOISTURE

This article includes a study of the microwave emissivity characteristics of moist soil and the method of microwave remote sensing of the soil moisture. The relation between soil dielectric constant and moisture was measured with terminal short circuit line method. The microwave emissivity of soil decreases with the increase of humidity because the real andimage parts of dielectric constant increases with the humidity. The relation between soil microwave emissivity and humidity is measured with the microwave emissivity meter made by us. Considerable change of brightness temperature is caused by different soil humidity. This article also presents the exhausted depth and the influence of humidity distribution on emissivity, the effection of soil surface roughness on emissivity. The theoretical analysis and experiment results have shown that microwave radiometer is a helpful instrument in the remote sensing of soil moisture. 3.2 cm waveband, with higher sensibility, deeper penetrate depth and less effect o     

IMPACT PROPERTIES OF METALLOCENE - CATALYZED ETHYLENE-α-OLEFIN COPOLYMERS

The impact properties of two selected metallocene-catalyzed ethylene-butene copolymers and one conventionalcopolymer were evaluated using Izod impact test. It is found that the metallocene-catalyzed copolymer shows superior impactproperties. This result was explained on the basis of the more homogeneous inter-molecular composition distribution andnarrower molecular weight distribution, which leads to more homogeneous morphology with fewer defects. Stepwisecrystallization improves the impact properties, especially in the crack propagation process, to a large extent. This is due to thedecrease of entanglements by stepwise crystallization, which is advantageous for the chain slip and shear. The polymer withheterogeneous intra-molecular composition distribution exhibits a more evident improvement of impact properties understepwise crystallization.     

STUDY ON STYRENE-BUTADIENE BLOCK COPOLYMER FOR THE MODIFICATI0N OF TIRE TREAD

This paper mainly deals with the design and synthesis of a novel styrene-butadieneblock copolymer. When this copolymer is used in the tread portion of tyres, it can improvewet skid resistance and reduce rolling resistance without sacrificing its general physical-mechanical properties. The visco-elastic curve of tire tread using the novel copolymer asits rubber portion was showed. Reactivity ratios for two monomers in the polymerizingsystem were calculated. The diagrams of differelitial, integral and finite difference calculithroughout the whole molecular chain were presented. The influence of the micro- andmacro-structure of the copolymer chain on wet skid resistance and rolling resistance wasdiscussed     

Synthesis and characterization of non-symmetrical liquid crystals containing a cholesteryl ester moiety

In this paper,a series of chiral non-symmetrical liquid crystals(nBA-chol)consisting of a cholesteryl ester moiety as chiral entity and a biphenyl aromatic core with different terminal alkyl chain has been synthesized and investigated for their liquid crystalline properties.Effects of numbers of methylene units in the terminal alkyl chain on the phase transition temperatures and on the temperature-dependent pitch lengths of the chiral liquid crystals have been studied.The long terminal alkyl chain tends ...     

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE COMPLEX OF MUNG BEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR WITH PORCINE TRYPSIN

The Bowman-Birk family inhibitor isolated from the mung bean can combine with porcine trypsin to form a complex at a molar ratio of 1:2. The single crystals of the complex, suitable for X-ray structural study, were obtained by using the micro-still-setting method. Initial crystallographic investigation showed that the crystals diffract to 2.7 resolution and belong to the tetragonal system. Its space group is 1422 with cell dimensions a=b=122.4 (2), c=113.4(2). The density of the crystal was 1.20g/cm~3 and the solvent constant was 36%. There is one complex molecule in a crystallographic asymmetric unit.     

CALCULATION OF THE YOUNG''''S MODULUS OF AN ADSORBED POLYMER LAYER

Polymer layers adsorbed to a surface or in a confined environment often change their mechanical properties. There is even the possibility of solidification of the confined layer. To judge the stiffness of such a layer, we used the Hertz model to calculate the Young's modulus of the polymer layer in the confinement of AFM experiments with silicon nitride tip with a radius of curvature of R≈50 nm and a glass sphere attached to the cantilever R = 5μm. Since there is no visible indentation of the layer in the AFM experiments, the layer is either penetrated very easily, or the indentation is too small to be seen in a force curve. The latter would be the case for a polymer layer with a Young's modulus above 4×108 Pa in case of an experiment with a silicon nitride tip and 4×105 Pa in case of a glass sphere.     

ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF RADIUS OF GYRATION OF CHAINS IN THE MELT IN THE CRYSTALIZATION OF POLY(1-BUTENE)

Crystallization in polymer systems actually is a process that transfers the entangled melts into a semi-crystallinelayered structure. Whether or not a chain disentangles may result in different crystallization mechanism. When compared tothe crystal thickness (d_c), the volume occupied by the chain in the melt, i.e., the radius of gyration (R_g), plays a veryimportant role in polymer crystallization. When d_c≤R_g, crystallization does not necessitate a chain disentangling. Theentanglements are just shifted into the amorphous regions. However, as d_c>R_g, i.e., as the crystal thickness ges larger thanthe radius of gyration of the chain in the melt, it becomes necessary for a chain to disentangle. Then a change ofcrystallization mechanism occurs. Such change has been experimentally observed in the crystallization of poly(1-butene). Achange in the crystal morphologies from spherulite to quadrangle, is seen via PLM, as crystalliation temperatures increase.Even more, such a change is molecular weigh dependent and shifts to lower temperature as molecular weigh decreases.There exists a jump of crystal thickness and crystallinity associated with morphological change, as seen via SAXS. A changeof crystallization kinetics and crystallinity is further evidenced via dilatometry. The unique feature of P1b crystallization hasbeen discussed based on the radius of gyration of chain in the melt (R_g), and very good agreement is obtained.     

MODELING THE CHAIN CONFORMATION OF POLYMER MELTS IN CONTRACTION FLOW

A constitutive model of quasi-Newtonian fluid based on the type of flow is used in abrupt planar contraction now.The numerical results from finite element analysis are consistent with experimental data for stress patterns and velocityprofiles in the flow field. The chain conformations of polymer melts are then investigated in such a planar contraction byusing the phenomenological model with internal parameters proposed by the author. That is, the shape and orientation ofpolymer chain coils are predicted and discussed in different flow regions of the contraction flow field that possess simpleshear flow, extensional flow, vortical flow, and mixed flow respectively.     

THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 1-CYANOPROPYLSILATRANE

The crystal structure of 1-cyanopropylsilatrane [NC(CH_2)_3 Si(OCH_2CH_2)_3N] has been determined by X-ray diffraction method. It's crystallized in orthorhombic, space group Pna2_1, with a=12.797(3), b=11.843(2), c= 8.163(2), and Z=4. The structure is solved by the direct method and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares. The initial R value is 0.379 and the final one is 0.078 for 1040 observable reflections. The result of the structure analysis indicates the presence of pentaeoordinate silicon. The molecular geometry of silicon is a distorted trigonal bipyramid. The transannular dative bond length between silicon and nitrogen is 2.164(4), the Si—C is 1.884(5). The angle of N—Si—C is 178.9(4)°.All the calculations are carried out using the (GC-80) (ALGOL 60) system of programs which were developed by one of the authors over the computer TQ-16 (32K, 48 bits)madein China.     

STUDIES ON THE MUNG BEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR——REDUCTION AND REOXIDATION OF THE DISULFIDE BONDS OF THE LYS ACTIVE FRAGMENT

Two peptide chains A_1 and A_2 of the Lys active fragment, linked via a couple ofinter-disulfide bonds, could be separated from each other after reduction with dithiothreitoland gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. Reoxidation of the reduced peptide chain A_1 resultedin recovering the inhibitory activity with 25% yield, based on the original activity of theLys fragment. The A_1 active fragment was further purified by affinity chromatographywith immobilized trypsin. Sephadex G-25 gel filtration produced two forms of the A_1 activefragment, the major fraction being a monomer and the minor one being a dimeer with loweractivity. The results obtained offered evidence of the evolution of mung bean inhibitorfrom an ancestral single-headed inhibitor by fused gene duplication with A_2 as a connectingpeptide. The CD spectra of the Lys fragment and the reoxidized peptide chain A_1 werealso compared.     

THE CTYSTAL STRUCTURE OF m—FERROCENYLACETOOHENONE

<正> The title compound C18H16FeO (Mr=304. 17) crystallizes in the mono-clinic system,space group P21/c with cell constants a= 14. 428(3),b=9. 939(8),c = 10. 027(5) A .B=93. 73(1),Z=4,Dc=1.41 gcm-3 and V= 1435. 0A 3.The structure is solved by direct methods and refined by least-squares technique to final R=0. 038 and Rw=0.051 based on 2413 independent reflections with I>3o(I). Result shows that both the Cp rings are approximately parallel with dihedral angle of 1. 2 ,The phenyl ring is somewhat tilted from the Cp ring linked to it with a dihedral angle of 8. 36 . The oxygen and carbon atoms of the aceto group are almost co-planar with the phenyl ring.     

STUDY OF CHIRAL SIDE CHAIN LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS

Five kinds of side chain liquid crystalline polymers with a chiral component in the pendant group were synthesized and characterized by GPC, polarizing microscopy, DSC, X-ray diffraction ano Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy. The liquid crystalline behaviour of the polymers is affected by the length of flexible spacer, which links the mesogenic side chain to the polymer backbone and mesogenic moiety. The characteristic of smectic phase is observed for all the polymers.