四氯化锡催化合成己二酸二丁酯

应用五水四氯化锡催化己二酸和正丁酯的酯化反应，合成了己二酸二丁酯。研究结果表明，五水四氯化锡具有较高的催化活性。考察了己二酸／正丁醇摩尔比和催化剂用量对酯产率的影响，在适宜反应条件[n(己二酸)：n(正丁醇)：n(四氯化锡)＝1：8：0．114，回流反应60min]下，己二酸二丁酯的产率为96．9％。     

四氯化锡催化合成氯乙酸异丙酯

四氯化锡对由氯乙酸和异丙醇合成氯乙酸异丙酯的酯化反应具有较高的催化活性和选择性。当SnCI4量为2．0％（w）时,反应4h,氯乙酸异丙酯的产率为77．0％,纯度达97．9％。     

氨基磺酸催化合成氯乙酸正丁酯

氨基磺酸能够代替硫酸作为酯化催化剂。研究了以氨基磺酸为催化剂,氯乙酸与正丁醇合成氯乙酸正丁酯。研究了反应的影响因素和催化剂的重复使用性能。当氯乙酸、正丁醇和氨基磺酸的摩尔比为0.05:0.15:0.00773,回流分水90min时,酯收率达82.4%。并以氨基磺酸为催化剂合成了氯乙酸异丁酯、氯乙酸仲丁酯、氯乙酸正戊酯、氯乙酸异戊酯和氯乙酸2-戊酯。     

四氯化锡催化合成癸二酸二丁酯

在五水四氯化锡作用下,用癸二酸和正丁醇合成了癸二酸二丁酯。当癸二酸、正丁醇和四氯化锡的物质的量之比为1∶8∶0.114,回流分水60 min,酯收率达96.2%。并比较了几种Lewis酸合成癸二酸二丁酯的催化活性。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成乙酸正丁酯

用对甲苯磺酸作冰乙酸和正丁醇的酯化催化剂，成功地合成了乙酸正丁酯，考察了影响反应的因素，探讨并找到了较好的反应条件：乙酸l00mmol，n(冰乙酸)：n(正丁醇)：n(催化剂)=1：3：0．006，反应时间1．5h，不另加带水剂，产率达99．14％。     

磷钨酸催化合成癸二酸二丁酯

用磷钨酸催化合成癸二酸二丁酯，考察了诸因素对酯化率的影响，产品经IR鉴定。确定酯化反应的最佳条件为：癸二酸50mmol，n(癸二酸)：n(正丁醇)=l：4，催化剂0．5g(反应物总质量的1．7％)，反应时间2h，酯化率达96．46％。     

顶空气相色谱法测定羧甲基壳聚糖中氯乙酸残留量

采用顶空气相色谱法间接测定了羧甲基壳聚糖中氯乙酸的残留量。样品(0.2g)于顶空瓶中超声溶解在水3mL中,加入甲醇2.5mL,硫酸1.5mL,在70℃水浴反应40min使之酯化。按顶空条件进样,用HP-INNOWAX毛细管色谱柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器测定。分别选择15min和85℃作为样品在顶空瓶中的平衡时间和平衡温度。氯乙酸的质量在0.2～20mg范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为5.6mg·L-1。方法用于实样中氯乙酸的测定,用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在90.0%～92.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.7%～0.9%之间。     

离子交换树脂在氯乙酸酯化反应中的应用

在合成氯乙酸丁酯和氯乙酸乙酯时，采用０１１×７和Ｄ７２离子交换树脂作催化剂，００１×７树脂的催化活性优于Ｄ７２树脂。考察了反应条件对酯化反应的影响。在合成氯乙酸丁酯时，其氯乙酸转化率可达９８．８％。合成氯乙酸乙酯时，其氯乙酸转化率为８３．６％。     

SiO2气凝胶负载无水四氯化锡催化顺酐与正丁醇酯化反应的研究

通过表面反应制备了气凝胶SiO2负载无水四氯化锡催化剂并应用于顺酐与正丁醇的酯化反应.结果表明,酯化产物主要为马来酸二丁酯(DBM)与富马酸二丁酯(DBF),其优化条件为:载体SiO2气凝胶焙烧温度500℃,物料摩尔比顺酐∶正丁醇:催化剂=1∶2∶0.0028,反应时间6 h.并且通过XRD,FTIR,DRUV-vis,N2物理吸附以及元素分析技术对所合成催化剂进行表征.结果表明:无水四氯化锡成功负载于SiO2气凝胶表面,在催化酯化反应当中实现了86.1%的顺酐转化率,此结果接近于国内外所报道的均相体系成果,同时在催化回收利用六次后,其活性虽逐步下降,但仍是空白的2倍.分析测试表明,反应过程中Cl的流失量较大、反应物及产物在催化剂表面产生了吸附,这些可能是导致催化活性下降的主要原因.     

四氯化锡催化合成肉桂酸酯

利用五水四氯化锡为催化剂,使肉桂酸与醇类发生酯化反应,合成了肉桂酸甲酯、肉桂酸乙酯、肉桂酸正丙酯、肉桂酸正丁酯、肉桂酸异丁酯、肉桂酸正戊酯和肉桂酸异戊酯,测定了各种酯的沸点(或熔点)、折射率、元素组成和红外光谱。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.