AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 3,2005

Abolhassani，M.D.一:Hejazi，M.;Ah- madian，A.;and Amjadi，A.:Comparison of optieal deteetion system，PVDF deteetion system，and PVDF needle hydroPhone for oPtoacoustie tomograPh扒593 Ahmadian，人.see Abolhassani，M，D.，593 All劝 adi，A.see Abolhassani，M.D.，593 Bai，Ming see Zhang，Douguo，107 Bao，Huanmin see丫V么ng，Yanyong，4; W么ng，Yanyong，6;Jia，Doxlgfang，311 Bao，N.K.see Chen，Zhongyu，319 Bi，Jinzi see Yu，Ting，92 Bian，Jing see Xie，Hongyun，156 Bu，Ydng see …     

AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 4,2006

An，Geng see Liang，Gongying，59 B乙，Peng一;and Liu，Junhua:Mixture gas component eoneentration analysis based on supPort veetor maehine and infrared spee- trum，243 Bai，XiangZhong see Chen，Mingyang，63 Bi，Guojiong see Zhang，Shenjin，658 Bi，Jin活1 s     

ICP-AES法同时测定茶叶中的锌、铁、锰、铜、镍、镁

研究了用硝酸＋硫酸＋高氯酸消解样品，用ICP－AES法同时测定茶叶中锌，铁，锰，铜，镍，镁的新方法，在选定的最佳条件下，测锌，铁，锰，铜，镍，镁的检出限分别为4．2，7.8,0.4,7.3,7.6,4.8ng.mL^-1，回收率为94．7％－104．2％，RSD为0．3％－4．7％，该法准确，快速，简便，适用于茶叶样品的测定，结果令人满意。     

中药方剂煎煮液中ICP—AES法同时测定16个元素

本文提出了用硝酸－过氧化氢对中药方剂煎煮液进行处理，ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法对煎煮液中Ｌｉ，Ｎａ，Ｂｅ，Ｃａ，Ｓｒ，Ｂａ，Ｍｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｚｎ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｄ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｒ，Ｖ１６个元素进行同时测定的方法，该方法简单，快速，准确度高，所测元素的加标回收率均在８５～１０３％之间，样品分析结果满意。     

ICP—AES法测定锌及其化合物中的杂质元素

采用样品溶解后直接测定及氢氧化钇共沉淀将锌与被测杂质元素分离后测定相结合，研究了锌及其化合物中Ａｇ，Ｃｏ，Ａｌ，Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｕ，Ｃｄ，Ｃｒ，Ｍｎ，Ｉｎ，Ａｓ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｎ，Ｓｂ，Ｂｉ等１５个杂质元素的ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定方法，相对标准偏差１．６－８．１％。     

元素在探针表面上的原子化机理研究

探针原子人经法是一种新技术，本文系统地总结了用探针原子化法研究Ａｕ（１Ｂ），Ｓｒ（ⅡＡ），Ｃｄ（ⅡＢ），Ａｌ（ⅢＡ），Ｌａ，Ｓｍ，Ｆｕ（ⅢＢ），Ｇｅ，Ｓｎ，Ｐｂ（ⅣＡ），Ｓｂ，Ｂｉ（ⅤＡ），Ｖ（ⅤＢ），Ｃｒ，Ｍｏ（ⅥＢ），Ｍｎ（ⅦＢ），Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｐｔ（Ⅷ）等２０个元素的原子化机理了起源于卤化物分解的元素有Ａｕ与Ｐｔ，起源于氧化物分解的元素有Ｃｄ，Ａｌ，Ｌａ，Ｓｍ，Ｅｕ，Ｇｅ，Ｍｎ与Ｆｅ。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定硅酸盐中硫等20个主、次、痕量元素

本文使用新研制的偏硼酸锂和四硼酸锂混合熔剂，在１０００℃熔融制样，以Ｘ射线荧光光谱法测定硅酸盐等样品中的Ｓ，Ｎａ，Ｍｇ，Ａｌ，Ｓｉ，Ｐ，Ｋ，Ｃａ，Ｔｉ，Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｂａ，Ｃｒ，Ｖ，Ｓｒ，Ｚｒ，Ｒｂ，Ｃｕ，Ｎｉ和Ｎｂ等２０种元素，采用理论α系数和康普顿散射线作内标校正元素间的吸收－增强效应。其分析结果的精密度和准确度可与化学法相比     

半导体激光牙科治疗仪

采用ＧａＡｌＡｓ激光二极管作为激光源，电子定时，功率实时监测，ＬＥＤ红光指示，硬光纤偶合输出，工作波长８３０ｎｍ，输出功率１３０ｍＷ，属于低功率激光，主要产生刺激调理作用，消炎止痛，抗感染，改善血液循环，增强机体免疫功能     

将混沌学引入工科大学物理教学的尝试

探索一种简洁，直观，生动，易被工科学生所接受的混沌教学方法，特点在于利用多种媒体包括电子教案，光盘，VCD，网络，C语言程序，演示实验等，由浅入深，由表及里，向学生展示混沌世界。     

灵武长枣VC含量的高光谱快速检测研究

采用可见-近红外高光谱成像技术结合化学计量学方法检测灵武长枣维生素C(VC)含量，探究一种全新的水果内部成分的快速无损检测方法。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测得长枣的VC含量化学值，可见-近红外高光谱成像系统采集164个灵武长枣400～1 000 nm的高光谱图像，利用ENVI4.8软件提取图像的感兴趣区域(region of interest，ROI)，计算其平均光谱，获得光谱值，将化学值与光谱值通过The UnsecramblerX 10.4软件建立模型。利用蒙特卡洛交叉验证法剔除异常值，采用光谱理化值共生距离法(sample set partitioning based on joint x-y distance，SPXY)进行样本划分以提高模型的预测性能；对光谱采用移动平滑(moving average)、中值滤波(median filter)、归一化(normalize)、基线校准(baseline)、多元散射校正(multiple scattering correction，MSC)、去趋势(detrending)和标准正态变量变换(standard normal variate，SNV)等7种方法进行预处理；为进一步减少数据量，降低维度，提高运算速度，使用竞争性自适应加权算法(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling，CARS)、无信息变量消除算法(uninformative variable elimination ，UVE)和连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm，SPA)提取特征波长，以期实现以少数波段代替全波段；将全波段光谱(full spectrum，FS)以及CARS, UVE和SPA三种方法提取的特征波长分别建立偏最小二乘(partial least squares wavelength regression，PLSR)和支持向量机(support vector machine，SVM)模型，从而确定最优的建模模型。利用蒙特卡洛交叉验证法共剔除7个异常样本，采用SPXY法将剔除异常样本后的157个数据区分为校正集和预测集，校正集中样本个数为117，预测集中样本个数为40。将未经光谱预处理的建模结果与分别经过七种光谱预处理的建模结果相比，选择未经光谱预处理的数据进行后续分析；将未经光谱预处理的光谱值采用CARS，UVE，SPA方法进行提取特征波长，CARS共优选出406，415，487，631，636，655，660，665，670，684，689，694，723，732，747和881 nm下的光谱变量16个，利用CARS提取出的特征波长占总波长的12.8%；UVE共优选出406，415，627，631，636，651，655，660，665，670，675，679，684，689，694，699，703，708，742，747，751，756，761，766，771，775，780，785，790，795，919和924 nm下的32个特征波长，利用UVE提取出的特征波长占总波长的25.6%；SPA共优选出401，665，684 nm三个特征波长，利用SPA提取出的特征波长占总波长的2.4%。将全波段光谱与提取出的特征波长建立PLSR模型和SVM模型，对比模型结果显示UVE-SVM模型最优，其R2_c为0.847 1，R2_p为0.714 9，说明UVE有效地对光谱进行降维，简化了数据处理过程。本研究对高光谱成像技术在水果领域的应用进行了有益探索，探究了一种全新的灵武长枣VC含量的无损检测方法，相应建立的可见-近红外高光谱模型为其他水果成分的快速检测提供了理论基础。     

The Lake Baikal neutrino experiment

We review the present status of the Baikal neutrino experiment. The structure and parameters of the neutrino telescope NT-200, which was put into operation in April 1998, are described. Selected methodological results are presented. Physics results cover separating up-going muons from atmospheric neutrinos, searches for neutrino events from WIMP annihilation, searches for magnetic monopoles, and high-energy neutrinos. From Yadernaya Fizika, Vol. 66, No. 3, 2003, pp. 530–535. Original English Text Copyright ? 2003 by Balkanov, Belolaptikov, Bezrukov, Budnev, Chensky, Danilchenko, Dzhilkibaev, Domogatsky, Fialkovsky, Gaponenko, O. Gress, T. Gress, Il'yasov, Klabukov, Klimov, Klimushin, Koshechkin, Konischev, Kulepov, Kuzmichev, Kuznetsov, Lubsandorzhiev, Micheev, Milenin, Mirgazov, Moseiko, Osipova, Panfilov, Pan'kov Parfenov, Pavlov, Pliskovsky, Pokhil, Poleshuk, Popova, Prosin, Rosanov, Rubzov, Semenei, Spiering, Streicher, Tarashansky, Vasiliev, Wischnewski, Yashin, Zhukov. This article was submitted by the authors in English.     

Lake Baikal neutrino experiment: Selected results

We review the present status of the Lake Baikal neutrino experiment and present selected physics results obtained during the consecutive stages of the stepwise upgrade of the detector: from NT-36 to NT-96. The results cover atmospheric muons, neutrino events, neutrinos of very high energy, searches for neutrino events from WIMP annihilation, searches for magnetic monopoles, and environmental studies. We also describe an air Cherenkov array developed for studying the angular resolution of NT-200. From Yadernaya Fizika, Vol. 63, No. 6, 2000, pp. 1027–1036. Original English Text Copyright ? 2000 by Balkanov, Belolaptikov, Bezrukov, Budnev, Chensky, Danilchenko, Dzhilkibaev, Domogatsky, Doroshenko, Fialkovsky, Gaponenko, Garus, Gress, Kiss, Klimov, Klimushin, Koshechkin, Kuznetzov, Kulepov, Kuzmichev, Lovzov, Laudenskaite, Lubsandorzhiev, Milenin, Mirgazov, Moseiko, Netikov, Osipova, Panfilov, Parfenov, Pavlov, Pliskovsky, Pokhil, Popova, Rozanov, Sokalski, Spiering, Streicher, Tarashansky, Toht, Thon, Vasiliev, Wischnewski, Yashin. This article was submitted by the authors in English.     

Vacuum arc ion charge-state distributions

Vacuum arc ion charge-state spectra have been measured for a wide range of metallic cathode materials. The charge-state distributions were measured using a time-of-flight diagnostic to monitor the energetic ion beam produced by a metal vapor vacuum arc ion source. Data were obtained for 48 metallic cathode elements: Li, C, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Ir, Pt, Au Pb, Bi, Th, and U. The arc was operated in a pulsed mode with pulse length 0.25 ms: arc current was 100 A throughout. The measured distributions are cataloged and compared with earlier results. Some observations about the performance of the various elements as suitable vacuum arc cathode materials are also presented     

A Rapid Method for the Determination of Trace Element Impurities in Silicons Oils by ICP-MS After Microwave-Assisted Digestion

Abstract

A microwave-assisted digestion procedure has been developed for the treatment of silicone oil samples. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the concentration level of 40 trace element impurities, like Li, Na, Mg, Al, P, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Sr, Rb, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Hf, W, Au, Pb, Hg, Th, Bi and U in these samples, having obtained average relative standard deviation values of 9.6%. The methodology developed has been tested by recovery studies on different natural samples spiked with known amounts of Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn and Pb at concentration levels of 10, 0.5, 5, 5, 10 and 1 μg g^?1 and recovery percentage values varies from 97 to 105 %.     

Elemental analysis of fertilizer using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

In recent years, the use of fertilizers has increased to achieve high growth rate of agriculture products. With this increase the chemical impact of agricultural activities on the environment has also been enhanced. In order to keep the environment healthy, and clean, it is necessary to identify contaminants and characterize the sources of contamination. In this study, a comprehensive chemical characterization of a DAP fertilizer has been carried out using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Phosphorous, manganese, magnesium, iron, titanium, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium, lead, and uranium traces are detected. Relative abundances of Phosphorous, manganese, magnesium, molybdenum, iron, titanium, nickel, vanadium, calcium, cobalt, cadmium, tin are 26.64, 17.75, 13 97, 8.25, 7.97, 7.11, 5.07, 3.15, 2.94, 1.94, 1,55, 1.73 percent, respectively, whereas relative abundances of sulfur, aluminum, chromium, lead, and uranium are less than 1% and their sum is 1.93% of the total sample.     

The majorana neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment

The proposed Majorana double-beta decay experiment is based on an array of segmented intrinsic Ge detectors with a total mass of 500 kg of Ge isotopically enriched to 86% in ⁷⁶Ge. A discussion is given of background reduction by material selection, detector segmentation, pulse shape analysis, and electroformation of copper parts and granularity. Predictions of the experimental sensitivity are given. For an experimental running time of 10 years over the construction and operation oft he Majorana setup, a sensitivity of T _1/2 ^0ν ∼4×10²⁷ yr is predicted. This corresponds to 〈mν〉∼0.003−0.004 eV according to recent QRPA and RQRPA matrix element calculations. From Yadernaya Fizika, Vol. 67, No. 11, 2004, pp. 2025–2032. Original English Text Copyright ? 2004 by Aalseth, Anderson, Arthur, Avignone III, Baktash, Ball, Barabash, Brodzinski, Brudanin, Bugg, Champagne, Chan, Cianciolo, Collar, Creswick, Doe, Dunham, Easterday, Efremenko, Egorov, Ejiri, Elliott, Ely, Fallon, Farach, Gaitskell, Gehman, Grzywacz, Hazma, Hime, Hossbach, Jordan, Kazkaz, Kephart, King III, Kochetov, Konovalov, Kouzes, Lesko, Macchiavelli, Miley, Mills, Nomachi, Palms, Pitts, Poon, Radford, Reeves, Robertson, Rohm, Rykaczewski, Saborov, Sandukovsky, Shawley, Stekhanov, Tornow, van de Water, Vetter, Warner, Webb, Wilkerson, Wouters, Young, Yumatov. This article was submitted by the authors in English. The authors represent the Majorana Collaboration     

Multielement Analysis of Higherian Major Stimulants Using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)

Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for the determination of Na, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Rb, Sb, Cs, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Dy, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, Pa, and U in bitter cola (Garcinia cola), Tatassai (Capsicum spp), sweet pepper (Capsicum annum), chillies (Capsicum spp.), alligator pepper (Aframomum melagueta) and onions (Allium caps) which are the major Nigerian stimulants.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锁阳中15种金属元素含量

采用浓硝酸-高氯酸(φ∶4∶1)常压微沸条件下消解锁阳样品,应用火焰原子吸收法测定了锁阳中的金属元素Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Au, Ag含量,研究了测定不同元素的仪器最佳工作条件、方法的准确性和精密度。结果表明,锁阳中Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn,Cu, Mn, Pb, Ni, Ag含量分别为13 572.0, 14 260.0, 358.3, 168.3, 238.5, 19.4, 5.9, 3.4, 2.6, 1.3, 0.4 μg·g-1, Co, Cr, Cd, Au未检出。方法的加标回收率为97.8%～104.5%, 相对标准偏差(n=9)为0.2%～5.0%。测定方法简单易行,方便快捷,结果令人满意。     

Pigment study by Raman microscopy of 23 paintings by the Portuguese artist Henrique Pousão (1859–1884)

Twenty‐three paintings by Henrique Pousão—a 19th century Portuguese painter—belonging to the collection of Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis, Porto, Portugal, were analysed by Raman microscopy. The fine focus of a 100× objective allowed the visualisation and individual identification of small grains. As a result, thirty‐seven compounds, namely, anatase, barium white, basic lead sulfate, brochantite, cadmium red, cadmium yellow, calcium carbonate, carbon‐based black, celadonite, chrome green, chrome orange, chrome yellow, cobalt blue, cochineal lake, copper sulfide, emerald green, iron(III) oxyhydroxide, iron(III) oxide, kaolinite, lead antimonate yellow, lead carbonate, lead white, lead sulfate, madder lake, malachite, Prussian blue, quartz, realgar/pararealgar, red lead, rutile, Scheele's green, strontium yellow, ultramarine blue, vermilion, viridian, zinc white and zinc yellow, were identified. Not all these compounds are pigments; some are extenders, others trace components and others probably products of reactions between pigments. Special attention was given to the Raman characterisation of celadonite, chrome orange, basic lead sulfate and lead antimonate yellow. Complementary techniques were used to confirm the identities of certain pigments and to characterise reference samples. Pousão, whose work has not previously been studied spectroscopically, was found to have used a remarkably wide range of pigments over his painting periods, without showing significant preference for any particular set of pigments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

INAA for determination of trace elements in bottom sediments of the Selenga river basin in Mongolia

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used for the determination of major, minor and trace elements in samples of bottom sediments of the inflows of the Selenga river basin to assess the impact of the contamination from the industrial complex Erdenet and other industrial enterprises in Mongolia. A total of 42 elements (Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Sr, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Hg, Th, and U) was determined by combination of conventional and epithermal neutron activation analysis at the IBR-2 reactor, FLNP JINR, Dubna. For the first time such a large set of elements was used for characterization of the bottom sediments as accumulating media which may reflect industrial contamination of the water basin. The concentrations of heavy metals and other trace elements in the samples from three inflows of the Selenga river basin were compared with data from the previous studies. It was shown that the industrial zone of the Erdenet Mining Corporation (EMC) and gold mining zone Zaamar are the sources of strong environmental contamination. The concentrations of Cu and Sb determined in sediment samples of the River Khangal and Govil near the EMC exceed average crustal rock and soil values by factors of 50 and 15, respectively. In the area of the gold mining zone Zaamar concentrations of Au, As, and Sb exceed crustal rock and soil values by factors of 4, 25, and 6, respectively. The relatively high levels of As, V, Zn, V, and Sr in the sediments of the studied rivers are obviously due to the discharges of untreated wastewater of desalination plant, electrical power station, textile industry and mining activities as well as domestic wastewater.