万古霉素手性固定相分离几种药物对映体

采用高效液相色谱极性有机分离模式，在万古霉素手性固定相上，对阿替洛尔、噻利洛尔、卡替洛尔、沙丁胺醇、尼卡地平、异丙嗪6种药物对映体进行了手性分离；选用甲醇和不同比例的冰醋酸—三乙胺为洗脱剂，6种药物均达到基线分离；研究了流动相组成、比例及流速对分离的影响。     

3种芳氧苯氧丙酸类除草剂在CDMPC与万古霉素手性固定相上的对映体分离

在纤维素三（3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯）（CDMPC）手性柱上成功分离了3种高效芳氧苯氧丙酸类除草剂——稳杀得、千金和禾草灵。正相系统下,分别考察了流动相醇类添加剂的种类、浓度以及溶质结构对手性分离的影响,3种溶质中千金的保留最强而禾草灵的分离效果最好。并在万古霉素手性固定相上对3种芳氧苯氧丙酸类除草剂进行了手性拆分。在正相流动相中,它们在万古霉素手性固定相上的手性分离效果明显不如在CDMPC上的好。探讨了2种手性固定相对3种溶质的手性识别机理。     

万古霉素手性固定相分离克伦特罗对映体

应用万古霉素手性固定相对克伦特罗对映体进行了分离,考察了洗脱模式、流动相组成、柱温等因素对分离的影响,并对其分离机制进行了探讨.最佳色谱条件为:甲醇-冰醋酸-三乙胺(体积比100:0.01:0.01),流速1.0mL/min,柱温20℃.在此条件下,克伦特罗对映体可实现基线分离,最大分离度可达2.67.克伦特罗对映体与固定相之间的离子相互作用是实现对映体分离的最主要分离机制.     

手性流动相添加剂法拆分比索洛尔对映体

以羧甲基-β-环糊精作为手性流动相添加剂,建立了高效液相色谱拆分比索洛尔对映体的方法。系统考察了手性添加剂的种类及浓度、流动相中甲醇的含量、pH值和流速等因素对拆分的影响。色谱分离条件:流动相甲醇∶乙腈∶水为20∶67∶13(V/V/V),羧甲基-β-环糊精浓度为0.5g.L-1,pH值为4.07(以三乙胺-冰乙酸调节),流速为0.3mL.min-1,检测波长223nm,对映体得到基线分离,分离度为1.89。     

人血清白蛋白柱上药物的手性拆分

考察了４种酸性药物和１种中性药物对映体在人血清白蛋白手性固定相上的保留行为。这５种药物与人血清白蛋白结合的亲和力高，难于实现快速分离，作者提出在流动相中加入短链脂肪酸－正己酸，可快速手性拆分非诺洛芬、萘普生和布洛芬。酮基布洛芬对映体分离选择性随乙腈浓度升高而增大，流动相中加入适量异丙醇可使对映体选择性大大增加（α～１．２３），华法令同样可取得很好分离。     

万古霉素及其苯异氰酸酯衍生物手性固定相的制备与应用

采用"一锅法",以1,6-二异氰酸正己酯作间隔臂,制备了万古霉素及苯异氰酸酯衍生化的万古霉素手性固定相。对拉米夫定、拉米夫定的L-薄荷醇酯、酞胺哌啶酮和盐酸氟西汀进行了手性分离研究,在极性有机相模式下,研究了流动相甲醇中冰醋酸-三乙胺浓度和比例对手性分离的影响,观察到两种手性固定相具有不同的手性识别能力。在万古霉素手性固定相上4种溶质都获得了基线分离;在苯异氰酸酯衍生化的手性固定相上除盐酸氟西汀外也均获得基线分离。     

7种氨基醇类药物在替考拉宁柱上的对映体分离

在替考拉宁手性柱上对阿替洛尔、美托洛尔、富马酸比索洛尔、普萘洛尔、异丙肾上腺素、沙丁胺醇及拉贝洛尔7种氨基醇类药物进行了对映体分离的研究.考察了流动相甲醇中添加少量酸碱以及酸碱不同比例对7种溶质的对映体分离的影响.固定极性有机相甲醇中冰醋酸和三乙胺的比例为1:1时,手性溶质的保留因子均随着流动相中冰醋酸/三乙胺含量的增加而减小,分离因子(α)基本保持不变,分离度减小.这可能是因为过量的酸增加了流动相的极性,使溶质较快被洗脱.在不加冰醋酸的情况下,除拉贝洛尔外,随着三乙胺浓度的增加,容量因子均减少,分离因子基本不变,分离度减小.这可能是因为三乙胺的增加使流动相的极性增加,溶质与手性固定相间的氢键减弱.结果表明:冰醋酸和三乙胺的比例并不影响手性分离的实质.     

直链淀粉手性固定相拆分富马酸比索洛尔对映体

建立并优化了高效液相色谱手性固定相分离富马酸比索洛尔对映体的方法。使用直链淀粉手性固定相(Chiralpak AD-H柱)在正相条件下拆分了富马酸比索洛尔对映体,考察了达到最佳分离效果时,流动相中极性调节剂的组分、流动相中三乙胺的体积分数以及柱温对富马酸比索洛尔对映体拆分影响。流动相为正己烷/乙醇/三乙胺(90/10/0.1,V/V/V),流速1.0 mL/min,紫外检测波长270 nm,柱温30℃时,两种异构体能达到较好的基线分离,并且不对称合成的(S)-富马酸比索洛尔和(R)-富马酸比索洛尔两种异构体产品,对映体过量(e.e.)均高于99.0%,在此色谱条件下的色谱图峰形良好。方法可广泛用于跟踪手性比索洛尔富马酸盐的合成过程分析和质量控制。     

D,L-α-氨基酸对映体在冠醚手性柱上的分离

在( )-(18-冠-6)-2,3,11,12-四羧酸手性固定相上对15种天然的D,L-α-氨基酸对映异构体进行手性分离研究。分别考察了流动相中有机添加剂甲醇的含量,酸性添加剂的种类和浓度对手性分离的影响,并初步探讨了溶质在手性柱上的手性识别的机理。可能是因为α-氨基酸上的伯胺基团与流动相中H 形成强极性的铵离子R-NH3 ,由于两个对映体形成的R-NH3 在冠醚空腔内的氢键作用及适应性不同而发生手性识别。流动相中甲醇含量以及酸性添加剂种类和浓度的变化都影响了强极性的铵离子R-NH3 在流动相和固定相之间的平衡,导致手性识别的强弱差异。另外还考察了柱温变化对苯基丙氨酸和酪氨酸分离的影响,实验所选取的温度都低于对映体转折温度T=467.3K,因此在所研究的实验温度范围内,固定相构型未发生明显变化,保留机制及对映选择作用不变。ΔΔH0和ΔΔS0都为负,说明该化合物的拆分为焓驱动过程。     

纤维素键合手性固定相拆分6种萘满酮衍生物对映体

使用Chiralpak IC（纤维素-三（3,5-二氯苯基氨基甲酸酯）共价键合硅胶）手性柱,建立了采用手性固定相高效液相色谱拆分6种 α -芳基萘满酮类衍生物对映体的方法。考察了流动相中有机改性剂的种类和比例、柱温和流速对对映体分离的影响。结果显示6种化合物在异丙醇为改性剂的条件下均可获得较高的对映体分离度。热力学研究表明6种化合物对映体的手性拆分过程均受焓驱动影响,且低温有利于对映体分离。最终推荐分离化合物Ⅰ对映体的流动相是正己烷-异丙醇（90：10,v/v）;分离化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ对映体的流动相是正己烷-异丙醇（99：1,v/v）;分离化合物Ⅴ对映体的流动相是正己烷-异丙醇（85：15,v/v）;分离化合物Ⅵ对映体的流动相是正己烷-异丙醇（80：20,v/v）。柱温为25℃,流速为1.0 mL/min。6种化合物对映体均可在Chiralpak IC手性固定相上得到完全分离,证明该色谱柱对6种化合物具有较高的对映体选择性。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。