新型无钴含锌MmxMl1-x(NiCuAlZn)5储氢合金性能研究

本文研究了不同稀土成分对新型无钴含锌储氢合金Mm_xMl_1-xNi_4.14Cu_0.5Al_0.3Zn_0.06性能的影响.随着混合稀土成分中Ce含量的增加,储氢合金的晶胞体积减小,吸放氢平衡压力升高.当x=0.2时该系列合金性能最佳.     

混合稀土储氢合金中氧、氮含量的测定

新型高比能蓄电池镍氢和锂离子电池是移动电话和笔记本电脑的主导电源,电极材料是电池性能的决定因素和关键技术,其中镍氢电池负极材料为AB5型混合稀土贮氢合金.储氢合金中的杂质气体会降低材料的吸氢活性及性能的稳定性等.因此,为了适应我国迅速发展的稀土工业及市场的要求,对混合稀土储氢合金实行质量监控是十分必要的.     

稀土元素改性钒基固溶体储氢合金研究进展

钒基固溶体储氢合金具有体心立方(BCC)结构,储氢质量分数在3.8%以上,充放电容量为1052 mA·h/g,优于AB₂和AB₅等系列合金,并且在常温常压下表现出较高的氢溶解度和扩散系数,因此在氢储运系统以及氢能源供应等领域具有广阔的应用前景,但钒基固溶体合金存在着活化难度大、放氢条件苛刻、循环寿命短以及对氧敏感易氧化等问题。研究表明,稀土对多种固态储氢材料均有很好的改性作用,将稀土元素通过元素替代或掺杂的方式加入到钒基固溶体合金中,有助于生成高活性的稀土或稀土氧化物第二相,可明显改善材料的吸放氢热力学、循环稳定性以及抗毒化性质,同时可减少材料内的氧含量,提高材料的活化特性。电化学性能方面,稀土元素的添加能显著提升合金电极的循环稳定性、耐腐蚀能力以及高倍率放电性能。因此,稀土元素取代是实现钒基固溶体储氢材料实际应用的一项行之有效的方法。本文报道了近30年稀土改性钒基固溶体储氢合金的研究现状,重点总结了稀土元素的作用机制,并对今后重点研究方向进行了展望。     

稀土储氢合金浆液的吸氢性能

研究了富镧混合稀土－镍储氢合金与有机溶剂组成的悬浮浆液的吸氢行为。测定了温度,搅拌速度及浆液中合金含量对吸氢速率的影响,并以膜模型进行分析,计算。在温度４０℃和４２ｒ．ｓ＾－１的搅拌速度下,合金含量为０．０８ｋｇ．ｋｇ＾－１的浆液中,金属氢化物的转化率可达９５％。     

热缓冲剂对稀土贮氢合金吸氢动力学的影响

以铜粉作为热缓冲剂添加到稀土贮氢合金粉中,应用动力学机理函数计算机拟合的方法,研究了ML(NiCoMnAlCu)5和Mm(NiCoMnAlCu)5(ML为富镧混合稀土金属,Mm为富铈混合稀土金属)在α+β相区恒温吸氢动力学.研究结果表明,当铜粉与贮氢合金粉达到一定比例时,能够消除热传导对吸氢动力学的影响.富铈稀土合金和富镧稀土合金吸氢均受氢在β相的内扩散控制,合金中随La/Ce比例的减小,吸氢速度加快.     

稀土储氢合金在有机氢化物中的吸氢行为和吸氢热力学性能

研究了富镧混合稀土－镍储氢合金（MlNi5)与有机化合物（C6H6）组成的浆液体系的吸氢行为和吸氢热力学性能。测定了不同温度（10，20，30，40℃）下两个不同系统的吸氢压力－成分等温（PCT）曲线，并分别计算出气固系统和气固液系统吸氢反应的热力学函数值ΔH,ΔS。     

无镁超点阵结构A_2B_7型La_(1-x)Y_xNi_(3.25)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)合金的储氢和电化学性能

采用真空电弧熔炼和热处理(950℃×10 h)方法制备了新型无镁超点阵结构A_2B_7型La_(1-x)Y_xNi_(3.25)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)(x=0,0.25,0.50,0.67,0.75,0.85,1.00)退火合金,研究了A端稀土Y元素对退火合金微观组织结构、储氢行为及电化学性能的影响.结果表明,退火合金微观组织的主相均由Ce_2Ni_7型结构组成,随稀土Y含量x增大,Ce_2Ni_7型主相丰度呈先增加后减小的规律,同时Ce_2Ni_7型主相的晶胞体积V逐渐减小.气体储氢时,x=0~0.25合金无压力-组成-温度(PCT)曲线平台且易形成氢致非晶化;当x≥0.50时,合金能有效抑制储氢时的氢致非晶化倾向且具有明显的吸/放氢平台特征,吸氢平台压范围为0.026~0.097 MPa,最大储氢量为1.418%~1.48%(质量分数),储氢性能得到极大改善.电化学测试结果表明,x=0.50~0.85的合金具有较高的电化学放电容量(350.4~381 mA·h/g),经100次充放电循环后容量保持率S100=52%~85%,其中稀土Y含量x=0.67~0.75时的合金具有良好的储氢性能及较好的综合电化学性能.合金电极的高倍率放电性能HRD900=64.5%~85.7%,氢原子在合金体相中的扩散是电极反应动力学过程的控制步骤.     

高容量的Ti-V基BCC相储氢合金

储氢合金是有希望成为燃料电池供氢源的方式之一,在各类储氢合金中,以LaNi5为代表的AB5和以TiMn2为代表的AB5发展已较成熟,但由于其储氢量小于2％(质量百分比)而制约了其应用,Mg基合金具有较大的储氢量(3％左右),但由于其吸放氢条件(温度在473K以上)苛刻难以满足燃料     

影响TiMnx非计量比合金储氢容量的结构因素

以TiMn_x (x = 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7)非计量比合金为对象,系统研究了储氢容量与其内在结构之间的相关性。结果表明,所有合金的主相均为C14型Laves相,但其储氢容量却存在显著差异。其中TiMn_1.4合金的储氢量约为0.65% (w,质量分数),吸/放氢平台较倾斜,且存在明显的滞后;而TiMn_1.5合金的可逆储氢量达到1.2% (w),平台较为平坦;但继续增加x,其储氢量反而降低,如x = 1.6合金的储氢量仅为0.30% (w),而x = 1.7合金则几乎不吸氢。进一步结构解析表明,上述储氢容量的迥异主要归因于部分Ti原子占据Mn(2a)位置,且其占位率随x的增加而降低,随之C14相中贮氢四面体间隙体积减小;而引起贮氢四面体间隙体积发生变化的主要因素是Ti―Ti键和Mn(2a)―Mn(2a)键的键长,其中Mn(2a)―Mn(2a)键长的增加对合金储氢容量的提升起关键作用。     

Mg-20%(RE-Ni)(RE=La,Y,Mm)复合材料储放氢性能研究

通过磁悬浮熔炼和反应球磨相结合的方法成功制备出Mg-20wt%(RE-Ni)(RE=La,Y,Mm)复合储氢材料,主要研究了材料的物相结构和储放氢性能.结果表明.Mg-20wt%(RE-Ni)(RE=La,Y,Mm)复合储氢材料,具有相似的物相结构和吸放氢热力学性能,吸氢相均为MgH2和Mg2Ni,在同一温度下,合金只有一个放氢平台,表明两相具有良好的协同放氢效应.在复合体系中,Mg-20wt%(Y-Ni)具有最佳的综合储氢性能,表明Y具有最佳的催化效果,其在293 K,3.0 MPa H2,10 min的吸氢量和573 K,对0.1 MPa,15 min的放氢量可分别达到3.92%和4.75%,实现了室温快速大量吸氢和较温和条件下的快速放氢.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.