Addition of carbon-centered radicals to C60. Determination of the rate constants by the spin trap method

The rate constants of addition of the^.CMe₃,^.CH₂Me,^.CH₂(CH₂)₃Me,^.CH₂Ph,^.CH₂CH=CH₂, and^.CH(Me)Et radicals to fullerene C₆₀ were determined by the method of competitive addition of free radicals to spin traps. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp 2369–2372, December, 1999.     

Synthesis and characterization of some methylbismuth (III) O,O‐alkylenedithiophosphates: convenient transformation of and to pure Bi2S3

A series of methylbismuth(III)O,O‐alkylenedithiophosphates of the type [where G = CH₂CH(CH₃) ( 1 ), (CH₂)₄ ( 2 ), CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃) ( 3 ), CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃) ( 4 ), CH₂CHCH₂CH₃ ( 5 ), CH(CH₃)CH₂C(CH₃)₂ ( 6 ) and C(CH₃)₂C(CH₃)₂ ( 7 )] have been isolated by the reaction of methylbismuth(III) dichloride with potassium salt of O,O‐alkylenedithiophosphoric acids in 1:2 molar ratio in anhydrous benzene. These newly synthesized derivatives were characterized by elemental analyses, FT IR and multinuclear NMR (¹H, ¹³C and ³¹P) spectral studies. Thermogravimetric analysis of 6 has shown a single‐step decomposition of complex to Bi₂S₃ at 154.3 °C. Transformation of 2 and 6 to pure Bi₂S₃ was carried out successfully at refluxing xylene temperature (142 °C) as revealed by XRD and SEM analyses. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Metal Complexes with Biologically Important Ligands. CLXVI Tetracarbonyl Complexes of Chromium(0) and Molybdenum(0) with Schiff Bases from Pyridine‐2‐carboxaldehyde and α‐Amino Acid Esters as N,N‐Chelate Ligands

The complexes [M(CO)₄(pyridyl‐CH=N‐CHRCO₂R′)] (M = Cr, Mo; R = H, CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CH(CH₃)₂) were obtained by reaction of the Schiff bases from pyridine‐2‐carboxaldehyde and glycine, L‐alanine, L‐valine or L‐leucine esters with the norbornadiene complexes [M(CO)₄(nbd)] and were characterized by IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR and UV‐vis spectra. The deeply colored complexes exhibit solvatochromism.     

Analysis of 1H-NMR spectra of various end-functionalized polyisobutylenes

¹H-NMR spectra of various telechelic (i.e., ～ CH₂C(CH₃)₂Cl, ～ CH₂C(CH₃)?CH₂, ～ CH?C(CH₃)₂, and ～ CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂OH capped) polyisobutylenes (PIB) have been analyzed. The products were prepared by living carbocationic polymerization followed by end-group functionalization. Shielding and deshielding effects strongly influence the ¹H-NMR spectra of these products. Inductive effects (chlorine-ended PIBs), magnetically anisotropic end-groups (olefin groups and phenyl rings), allylic coupling (olefin end-groups), chirality (hydroxyl end-groups), and the interaction of these effects on the ¹H-NMR spectra are discussed. Numerous heretofore unidentified resonances have been assigned and better insight into the detailed structure of end-functionalized PIBs has been obtained. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis and Polymerization of the Organometallic Monomer Series Based on Cymantrenylethyl Acrylate

{η⁵ -C₅H₄[CH(CH₃)OC(O)CH = CH₂])Mn(CO)3, {η⁵—C₅[CH-(CH₃)OC(O)C(CH₃)=CH₂]]Mn(CO)₃, and {η⁵—C₅H₄[CH(CH₃)-OC(O)CH=C(CH₃)2])Mn(CO)₃ were synthesized (63, 57, and 51%, respectively) from {η⁵—C₅H₄[CH(CH₃)OH])Mn(CO)₃, toluene-sulfonic acid, and the acrylic, methacrylic, and dimethylacrylic acids, and from (η⁵-C₅H₄[CH(CH₃)OH]}Mn(CO)₃, pyridine, and the acrylic, methacrylic, and dimethylacrylic acyl chlorides [26, 48, and 25% (impure), respectively]. No product was obtained when NaH was used as the base in the latter method. The acrylate and methacrylate monomers were bulk homopolymerized at 65°C with AIBN (75% yield, M_n = 88,550 g/mol; 78% yield, M_n = 349,350 g/mol, respectively). The dimethylacrylate did not polymerize under these conditions. The polymers lost vinylcymantrene upon heating to 257 and 279°C, respectively. The polymers did not exhibit a clear T_g but were observed to soften at 85 and 160°C, respectively, and they could be pulled into fibers.     

Isotope effects and H/D scrambling in the fragmentation of labelled propenes

The fragmentation reaction [C₃(H,D)₆]⁺· → [C₃(H,D)₅]⁺ + (H, D) has been examined in the metastable decomposition region for two pairs of labelled propenes: CH₃CD?CH₂,CD₃CH?CD₂ and CD₃CH?CH₂, CH₃CD?CD₂. The results indicate that complete hydrogen scrambling occurs in the propene molecular ion prior to fragmentation. The isotope effect kH/kD is in the range 2·1 to 3·3.     

Catalytic decomposition of azomethane and reactions of adsorbed methyl radicals on the molybdenum surface

The methods of temperature-programmed reaction/desorption (TPR/TPD) are used to study azomethane (CH³N=NCH³) decomposition and the reactions of the products of its pyrolysis (CH ₃ ^* radicals and N₂) on the polycrystalline molybdenum surface. A TPR spectrum of adsorbed azomethane decomposition shows mainly N₂, H₂, and unreacted azomethane. Upon preliminary adsorption of azomethane pyrolysis products on a catalyst sample, a TPR spectrum shows N₂, H₂, and CH₄ in comparable amounts. The difference in the composition of desorption products found for these two types of experiments shows that, in the decomposition of adsorbed azomethane, surface methyl moieties are not formed. The rate constants were calculated for the dissociation of adsorbed CH₃, CH₂, and CH, recombination of hydrogen atoms with each other and with CH₃ and CH₂, and the recombinative desorption of nitrogen atoms. Deceased.     

The site of ionization in the acetylation of aliphatic esters by [(CH3CO)3]+

A series of esters RCOOR′ (where R, R′ = CH₃, CH₃CH₂, (CH₃)₂CH, (CH₃)₃C) were reacted with the [(CH₃CO)₃]⁺ ion from biacetyl in an ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer. A steric effect influences the rate of formation of stable products [RCOOR′·CH₃CO]⁺ and is used to determine that either oxygen of the ester may be initially acylated by [(CH₃CO)₃]⁺.     

RN (R＝CH3, CH3CH2)异构化及脱氢反应的量子拓扑研究

利用量子化学从头算CASSCF方法在6-311＋G (d, p)基组水平上对单线态和三线态RN (R＝CH₃, CH₃CH₂)异构化反应及RN脱氢反应的微观机理进行了理论研究. 在MP2/6-311＋G (d, p)和CCSD/6-311＋G (d, p)水平上进行了单点能校正. 单态和三态势能面的交叉点(ISC)的存在清楚地说明了基态反应物³RN异构化为基态产物¹R'NH (R'＝CH₂, CH₃CH)的过程. 电子密度拓扑分析显示在整个异构化过程中有两种类型的结构过渡态: 单态反应通道为T型过渡态, 三态反应通道为环状过渡态. 单线态RN脱氢反应通道中“原子-分子键”的存在说明两个H原子是以H₂的形式从RN中脱去的.     

π-Allylmetal chemistry.IV. Structures and equilibria in Crotylplatinum(II) complexes

Simple methods to prepare crotylplatinum(II) complexes of the type, Pt(CH₂CHCHMe)Cl(PPh₃)₂ and Pt(CH₂CHCHMe)C1L (L PPh₃, AsPh₃), are described. ¹H NMR and vibrational spectral evidence suggests that the σ-allylic form is the dominant species in a benzene solution of Pt(CH₂CHCHMe)Cl(PPh₃)₂, while in chloroform this compound has the ionic α-allyl structure with both the anti and syn-methyl isomers present. Various rate processes exhibited by Pt(CH₂CHCHMe)C1L₂ (L PPh₃ , AsPh₃) in different solvents have been discussed in terms of the structures of intermediate σ-allylic complexes and the different coordinating abilities of L.     

The atmospheric oxidation of hydroxyacetone: Chemistry of activated and stabilized CH3C(O)CH(OH)OO• radicals between 252 and 298 K

The products of the Cl-atom-initiated oxidation of hydroxyacetone (HYAC, CH₃C(O)CH₂OH) have been examined under conditions relevant to the earth's lower atmosphere. Over the range of temperatures studied (252-298 K), in the absence of NO_x, methylglyoxal (CH₃C(=O)CH=O, MGLY) was formed with a primary yield >84% (96 ± 9% at 298 K), while in the presence of elevated NO_x, MGLY and formic acid were both formed as major primary products. In contrast to a previous study, acetic acid was not identified as a major primary product under the conditions studied. The results are quantitatively interpreted from a consideration of the formation of a stabilized CH₃C(O)CH(OH)OO• radical, either in a ≈50% yield from the addition of O₂ to CH₃C(O)CH•(OH) or in 100% yield from the addition of HO₂ to MGLY. At high temperature and low NO_x, decomposition of the stabilized CH₃C(O)CH(OH)OO• radical to MGLY is favored, while lower temperatures and conditions of high NO_x favor bimolecular reactions of the stabilized radical, with subsequent production of formic acid. Analysis of the data allows for a semiquantitative determination of K₃ = (2.9 ± 0.4) × 10⁻¹⁶ cm³ molecule⁻¹, for the HO₂ + MGLY ↔ CH₃C(O)CH(OH)OO• equilibrium process at 298 K and a roughly order of magnitude increase in K₃ at 252 K.     

Direct transfer of aliphatic and aromatic substituents from organosilatranes to mercury(II) species

The relative reaction rates of several silatranes (derivatives of 2,8.9-trioxa-5-aza- 1-silatricyclo[3.3.3.0^1,5]undecane) and HgCl₂ in acetone-d₆to yield the corresponding organomercury compound are of the order of e.g., 5 × 10^?1 1 mol^?1 sec^?1 or slightly less, a rate that is unexpectedly high compared to the essentially inert parent organotrialkoxysilanes. Thus, the apical Si&.zsbnd;C bond of the silatrane is extraordinarily susceptible to direct electrophilic attack by mercury(II). The rates decrease in the order CH₂CH, C₆H₅, p-ClC₆H₄ > CH₃ > CH₃CH₂, CH₃CH₂CH₂ > C₆H₁₁, ClCH₂, Cl₂CH, CH₃CH₂O. The effects of varying the solvent and the counterions are noted, and the probable mechanism is discussed.     

Theoretical study of substituent effects on the acidity of the methyl group: Structure of anions CH2X−

Geometries have been optimized using molecular-orbital calculations (a) with a 4-31G Gaussian basis set for carbanions CH₂X^? where X = H, CH₃, NH₂, OH, F, C?CH, CH?CH₂, CHO, COCH₃, CN, and NO₂; and (b) with an STO -3G basis set for methyl acetate and acetyl deprotonated methyl acetate. All the carbanions containing unsaturated substituents are planar, with a considerable shortening of the C? X bond. Carbanions containing saturated substituents are pyramidal with the out-of-plane angle α increasing with the electronegativity of the substituent. Double-zeta basis set calculations give proton affinities over the range 449 (for CH₃CH₂^?) to 355 kcal/mol (for CH₂NO₂^?), with all unsaturated anions having smaller affinities than saturated anions. The correlation of proton affinities with 1s binding energies, and with charges on both the carbon of the anion and on the acidic proton of the neutral molecule are examined.     

CH3O(X̄ 2E) production from 266 nm photolysis of methyl nitrite and reaction with NO

The CH₃O(X? ²E) radical produced by the 266 nm photolysis of CH₃ONO is characterized by laser induced fluorescence. Using a flowing gas cell the reaction rate of CH₃O(X? ²E) with NO is measured to be (2.08 ± 0.12) × 10^?11 cm³ s^?1 based upon disappearance of CH₃O and appearance of HNO detected by laser induced fluorescence. Upper limits for CH₃O reactions with CH₄, CO, N₂O, NH₃, CH₃OH, (CH₃)₃CH and CH₂CHCH₂CH₃ are reported. These reactions are all too slow to measure under our experimental conditions.     

Reactivity of esters of 2-cyanoacrylic acid toward some free radicals

The rate constants for the addition of ^·CH(Ph)CH₂CCl₃, ^·CH₂Ph, ^·CH₂Prⁿ, and ^·CCl₃ radicals to the ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate molecule were determined by ESR spectroscopy using the spin trapping technique.     

N-Benzyl Derivatives of Leucine Esters

Leucine methyl and ethyl esters reacted with 3-bromobenzaldehyde and 4-chlorobenzaldehyde in anhydrous methanol in the presence of magnesium sulfate to afford the coresponding Schiff bases of the general formula (CH3)2CHCH2CH(COOR¹)N=CHR² [R¹ = CH3, C2H5, R²= 3-BrC6H4, 4-ClC6H4]. Their reduction with sodium tetrahydridoborate yielded N-benzyl derivatives (CH3)2CHCH2CH(COOR¹)NHCH2R², which were converted into N-acyl-N-benzyl derivatives (CH3)2CHCH2CH(COOR¹)N(COR³)CH2R²[R³= CH₃, C₆H₅].     

The reactions of polyacetylene with trimethyloxonium hexachloroantimonate. Covalent doping of (CH)x

Polyacetylene, (CH)_x, has been doped with trimethyloxonium hexachloroantimonate, (CH₃)₃O⁺SbCl(1), in dichloromethane and acetonitrile. The maximally doped (CH)_x films have moderate conductivities [σ_RT(CH₂Cl₂) = 10, σ_RT(CH₃CN) = 0.7 Ω^?1 cm^?1]. Reactions between 1 and (CH)_x CH₂Cl₂ or CH₃CN were followed in situ by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and x-band electron spin resonance spectroscopy. It was found that the reactions in the two solvents are different. In dichloromethane the dopant is SbCl₅, which forms from the decomposition of 1, and doping proceeds by electron removal from (CH)_x chains. Based on the ESR signal loss, an estimate can be made of the diffusion rate of SbCl₅, into the (CH)_x fibrils in CH₂Cl₂; it is found to be ca. 10^?17 cm²/s. In acetonitrile the dopant appears to be either CH₃CNCH, H⁺, CH, or a combination of one or more of these dopants. It is postulated that the CH₃CNCH, CH, and/or H⁺ dopant covalently binds to the (CH)_x chain. X-ray photoelectron spectra show that films doped with excess 1 in both solvents have approximately one SbCl per 33 CH units.     

CH3O(X2E) production from 266 nm photolysis of methyl nitrite and reaction with NO

The CH₃O($\text{X}$²E) radical produced by the 266 nm photolysis of CH₃ONO is characterized by laser-induced fluorescence. Using a flowing gas cell the reaction rate of CH₃O($\text{X}$²E) with NO is measured to be (2.08 ± 0.12) × 10^?11 cm³ s^?1 molecule^?1 based upon disappearance of CH₃O and appearance of HNO detected by laser induced fluorescence. Upper limits for CH₃O reactions with CH₄, CO, N₂O, NH₃, CH₃OH, (CH₃)₃CH and CH₂CHCH₂CH₃ are reported. These reactions are all too slow to measure under our experimental conditions.     

Preparation of siloxycarbenemanganese complexes including a chelated siloxycarbene-alkene complex

Reaction of Li{(η⁵-C₅H₄Me)Mn(CO)₂]C(O)Ph]} with one equivalent of RSiMe₂Cl yields (η⁵-C₅H₄Me)Mn(CO)₂[C(Ph)(OSiMe₂R)] for R  CH₃, CHCH₂, and CH₂CHCH₂ (1a–c, respectively). Low temperature photolysis of the vinyl derivative, 1b, results in formation of a chelated manganese siloxycarbene-alkene complex, (η⁵-C₅H₄Me)MN(CO)[C(Ph)(η²-OSiMe₂CHCH₂)]. (2). Photolysis of the allyl derivative, 1c, under similar conditions leads to uncharacterized decomposition products. Infrared, ¹H, ¹³C, and ²⁹Si NMR data are reported for these new siloxycarbenemanganese derivatives.