On the non-negative non-increasing solutions of non-linear second order differential equations

Summary The sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solution u(t) of the differential equation u″=f(t, u, u′), are established, satisfying the condition u(t)= =u₀, u(t)≥0 and u′(t)≥0 for t ε (0,+∞). Entrata in Redazione il 26 aprile 1968.     

Esistenza,unicità e propagazione della regolarità della soluzione del problema di Cauchy per certi operatori strettamente iperbolici con coefficienti lipschitziani rispetto al tempo

Riassunto Si studia il problema di Cauchy per operatori differenziali lineari del secondoordine strettamente iperbolici con coefficienti lipschitziani rispetto al tempo. Si trovano risultati di buona positura del problema negli spazi gli ordinari spazi di Sobolev, e risultati di propagazione della regolaritàC ^∞ della soluzione.

---

Summary We study the Cauchy problem for linear second order strictly hyperbolic differential operators whose coefficients are assumed to be Lipschitz-continuous with respect to time. We prove results ofH _∞ andH _−∞ well-posedness, the usual Sobolev spaces, and results on the propagation ofC ^∞-regularity of the solution.

     

Exact constants in inequalities of the jackson type for quadrature formulas

We prove that if is the error of a simple quadrature formula and ω(ε, δ)₁ is the integral modulus of continuity, then, for any δ ≥/π andn,r = 1, 2, …, the following equality is true: whereD _r is the Bernoulli kernel.     

A proximal point algorithm for minimax problems

This paper presents a proximal point algorithm for solving discretel _∞ approximation problems of the form minimize ∥Ax−b∥_∞. Let ε_∞ be a preassigned positive constant and let ε _l ,l = 0,1,2,... be a sequence of positive real numbers such that 0 < ε _l < ε_∞. Then, starting from an arbitrary pointz ₀, the proposed method generates a sequence of points z _l ,l= 0,1,2,..., via the rule . One feature that characterizes this algorithm is its finite termination property. That is, a solution is reached within a finite number of iterations. The smaller are the numbers ε _l the smaller is the number of iterations. In fact, if ε ₀ is sufficiently small then z₁ solves the original minimax problem. The practical value of the proposed iteration depends on the availability of an efficient code for solving a regularized minimax problem of the form minimize where ∈ is a given positive constant. It is shown that the dual of this problem has the form maximize , and ify solves the dual thenx=A ^T y solves the primal. The simple structure of the dual enables us to apply a wide range of methods. In this paper we design and analyze a row relaxation method which is suitable for solving large sparse problems. Numerical experiments illustrate the feasibility of our ideas.     

Asymptotic behavior of the solutions of an integrodifferential system

Summary We consider the system(L): , t ⩾ p, y(t)=f(t), t⩽0, where y is an n-vector and each A_i, B(t) are n × n matrices. System(L) generates a semigroup by means of T_tf(s)=y (t+s, f), f(s) ∈ BC_l(− ∞, 0]. Under some hypotheses concerning the roots ofdet where is the Laplace transform of B(t), the asymptotic behavior of y(t) is discussed. Two typical results are: Theorem 3.1: suppose ∥B(t)∥ ɛ L₁[0, ∞), thendet forRe λ>0 iff for every ɛ>0 there is an M_ɛ>0 such that ∥T_tf∥_l ⩽ ⩽ M_ɛ exp [ɛt]∥f∥_l for t ⩾ 0. Corollary 3.1.1: suppose exp [at]B(t) ∈ ∈ L₁[0, ∞) for some a>0 anddet forRe λ>−a. Then the solution of(L) is exponentially asymptotically stable. Entrata in Redazione il 21 marzo 1975. The author is grateful to ProfessorC. Corduneanu for suggesting this problem and for many helpful discussions during the preparation of the paper.     

On the localization and convergence of multiple Fourier integral by Bochner-Riesz means

In this paper we consider , in one case that f_{x 0} (t) is a ΛBMV function on [0, ∞], and in another case thatfεL ¹ _m-1(Rⁿ) and when |k|=m−1 and f(x)=0 when |x−x₀|<δ for some δ>0. Our theormes improve the results of Pan Wenjie ([1]).     

Binomial sums, moments and invariant subspaces

The main result of this paper is that if a sequence of complex numbers (a _n)_n≥0 satisfies and % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- for some integerr≥0, thena _n=0 for alln>r. As an application, we deduce a localized form of a theorem of Allan about nilpotent elements in Banach algebras, and this in turn leads to an invariant-subspace theorem. As a further application, we prove a variant of Carleman's theorem on the unique determination of probability distributions by their moments. The paper concludes with a quantitative form of the main result. Research supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Fonds FCAR of Québec, and the Ministry of Education of Québec (co-opération Québec-France).     

On the structure of Noetherian symbolic rees algebras

Let A be a Noetherian local ring and I an ideal of A. In this paper we use a slightly generalized notion of a symbolic power I⁽ⁿ⁾ of I and considerR = . First we characterize the property of R to be Noetherian by an equimultiplicity condition of some symbolic power I^(k). The main purpose of this note is to explore the problem whenR,R′ = and are Cohen-Macaulay or Gorenstein algebras in the case that A is a normal domain and ht I=1. Partially supported by the Max-Planck-Institute of Mathematics Bonn. Supported by a grant of the Heinrich Hertz-Stiftung. Supported by a grant of the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung.     

Onextensions of the Gale-Berlekamp switching problem and constants ofl q —spaces

For positive integersn, m and realp≥1, let Upper and lower bounds for this quantity are derived, extending results of Brown and Spencer forB ₁(n,n), corresponding to the Gale-Berlekamp switching problem. For a Minkowski spaceM of dimensionm, define a quantity investigated by Dvoretzky and Rogers.     

Geometric structure in stochastic approximation

1. IntroductionLet f: Re -- R be a differelltiable fUnction. f reaChes its extremes on the setJ = {x E R"lfx(x) = 0}, (1.1)where,x(X) = (V,..., V)". (1.2)If jx can be observed exactly at any x e R", then there are various numerical methods toconstruct {xh}, xk E Re such that the distance d(xk, J) between uk and J tends to zero ask -- co. However, in many application problems jx can only be observed with noise, i.e.,the observation at time k 1 isYk 1 = fi(~k) (k 1, (1'3)where xk is …     

On the maximum modulus principle for polynomials in a quasidisk

LetG⊂C be a quasidisk,K ⊂ G be a compact set, andp _n be a non-constant complex polynomial of degree at mostn. We establish the inequality whereα _n < 0 depends onn, K, and the geometrical structure of ϖG.     

Minimal rates of entropy convergence for completely ergodic systems

If (X,T) is a completely ergodic system, then there exists a positive monotone increasing sequence {a _n } _n ^1/∞ with lim _n →∞a _n =∞ and a positive concave functiong defined on [1, ∞) for whichg(x)/x ² isnot integrable such that for all nontrivial partitions α ofX into two sets.     

Über Maximale Monotonie von Operatoren des Typs L*ϕ·L

In a Hilbert space H, we consider operators of type A=L^*ϕ·L, where L is a closed, linear operator and ϕ is a maximal cyclically monotone, coercive operator. The operators ϕ, L, L^* and their inverses are not necessarily everywhere defined. Our principle result is a nonlinear extension of an earlier theorem of v. Neumann for A=L^*L.Theorem: Suppose that either (L^*)⁻¹ is bounded or that both L⁻¹ is bounded and, D(ϕ) υ N (L^*). The L^*ϕ·L, is maximal cyclically monotone. Maximality of sums is also considered, and the theory is applied to concrete differential operators of the form , with monotone functions f₁ and various boundary conditions.      

A note on the median of a distribution

Summary LetF be a distribution function over the real line. DefineR _p(y)=∫|x−y|^pdF(x) forp≧1. Forp>1 there is a unique minimizer ofR _p(·), sayγ _p. Under mild conditions onF it is shown that exists and that the limit is a median. Thus, one could use this limit as a definition of a unique median. Also it is shown that whereR is the right extremity ofF andL is the left extremity ofF provided that −∞<L≦R<∞. A similar result is available ifL=−∞,R=∞, yetF has symmetric tails.     

On the fourier transforms of an interesting class of measures

Let {X _k ,k=1,2,…} be a sequence of independent binomial variables, with the Fourier transform of the distribution ofY. Finally denote lim [P _k − 1/2] byδ. We haveTheorem. Research supported by N.S.F. Grant GP-25736. Research supported by N.S.F. Grant GP-12365.     

Limit theorems for the ratio of the Kaplan-Meier estimator or the Altshuler estimator to the true survival function

LetX ₁,X ₂, ...,X _n be a sequence of nonnegative independent random variables with a common continuous distribution functionF. LetY ₁,Y ₂, ...,Y _n be another sequence of nonnegative independent random variables with a common continuous distribution functionG, also independent of {X _i }. We can only observeZ _i =min(X _i ,Y _i ), and . LetH=1−(1−F)(1−G) be the distribution function ofZ. In this paper, the limit theorems for the ratio of the Kaplan-Meier estimator or the Altshuler estimator to the true survival functionS(t) are given. It is shown that (1)P(δ_(n)=1 i.o.)=0 ifF(τ _H ) < 1 andP(δ _n =0 i.o. )=0 ifG(τH) > 1 where δ_(n) is the corresponding indicator function of and have the same order a.s., where {T _n } is a sequence of constants such that 1−H(T _n )=n ^−α(logn)^β(log logn)^γ.     

Sufficient and necessary conditions for limit laws on lag sums of I. I. D. R. V. S

Let {X, X _n ;n>-1} be a sequence of i.i.d.r.v.s withEX=0 andEX ²=σ²(0 < σ < ∞). we obtain some sufficient and necessary conditions for

An asymptotic method for calculating limits of maximal means

For a continuous almost periodic function , we show that the function

On the Corona problem

We show that if f₁, f₂ are bounded holomorphic functions in the unit ball of ℂⁿ such that , |f₁(z)|² + |f₂(z)2|² ≥ δ² >; 0, then any functionh in the Hardy space ,p < +∞ can be decomposed ash = f₁h₁ + f₂h₂ with . The Corona theorem in would be the same result withp = +∞ and this question is still open forn ≳-2, but the preceding result goes in this direction.