Tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane in phospholipids synthesis

The tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane acetone derivative was applied as an initial compound for phospholipid syntheses. This ketal was converted in succession into the corresponding O,O- and O,N-cyclophosphites used further for preparation by the methods of organophosphorus chemistry of the first representatives from the following phospholipid types: phosphocholines, phosphomethylcolamines, diol phospholipids, and also cationic phospholipids.Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 40, No. 11, 2004, pp. 1728–1734.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Predvoditelev, Malenkovskaya, Nifantev.     

New synthesis of 3-aryl-5-amino-1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-pyrazoles

A new efficient procedure has been proposed for the synthesis of 3-aryl-5-amino-1H-pyrazoles by reaction of -chloro--arylacrylonitriles with hydrazine hydrate.Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 40, No. 10, 2004, pp. 1566–1568.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Nenaidenko, Golubinskii, Lenkova, Shastin, Balenkova.Dedicated to Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences O.N. Chupakhin on His 70th Anniversary     

Reactions of dithiocarbamic acids derived from alkaloids, morpholine, and piperidine with acrylic acid and its derivatices

-(Thiocarbamoylthio)propionic acids derived from alkaloids, morpholine, and piperidine and their esters, amides, and nitriles were prepared by reactions of the corresponding dithiocarbamic acids with acrylic acid and its derivatives. Some of the compounds were tested for insecticidal activity.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 77, No. 8, 2004, pp. 1336–1339.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Zhivotova, Gazaliev, Ibraev, Fazylov, Kasenov.     

Synthesis of some naphthyl-substituted nitrogen heterocycles on the basis of (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis>)-3-chloro-3-(2-naphthyl)propenal

-Naphthyl-substituted derivatives of pyrazole, benzodiazepine, isoxazole, and pyrimidine were synthesized by reactions of (Z)-3-chloro-3-(2-naphthyl)propenal with hydrazine, o-phenylenediamine, hydroxylamine, and formamide, respectively.Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 40, No. 10, 2004, pp. 1552–1556.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Vashkevich, Potkin, Kozlov.     

New synthesis of 2,4-dimethylfuro[3,2-<Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis>]quinolines

Thermal cyclization of ethyl -(2-chloro-2-propenyl)--arylaminocrotonates in mineral oil afforded the corresponding substituted 2,4-dimethylfuro[3,2-c]quinolines instead of the expected 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-(2-chloro-2-propenyl)quinolines.Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 40, No. 9, 2004, pp. 1397–1398.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Avetisyan, Aleksanyan, Pivazyan.     

Synthesis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-(2-vinyloxyethyl)pyrazoles

Alkylation of pyrazoles with 2,2-dichloroethyl ether under conditions of phase-transfer catalysis was studied. The monoalkylation products of 3(5)-methylpyrazoles at 190–200°C undergo intramolecular cyclization to form bicyclic salts. Conditions for dehydrochlorination of N-[2-(2- chloroethoxy)ethyl]pyrazoles into N-(2-vinyloxyethyl)pyrazoles were found.Translated from Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, Vol. 74, No. 8, 2004, pp. 1365–1367.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Attaryan, Martirosyan, Panosyan, Matsoyan.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Synthesis and structures of substituted 5,6-dihydro-spiro(benz[4,5]imidazo[1,2-<Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis>]quinazoline-6,3′-indolin)-2′-ones

The reactions of 2-(2-aminophenyl)benzimidazole with substituted isatins afforded the corresponding 5,6-dihydrospiro(benz[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline-6,3indolin)-2-ones. The spirocyclic structure of the reaction products was established by NMR spectroscopy and X ray diffraction analysis.Results of the study were presented at the International Conference Modern Trends in Organoelement and Polymer Chemistry dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences (May 30–June 4, 2004, Moscow).Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1987–1989, September, 2004.     

Synthesis and structures of spiro-σ-complexes based on 2-(2-benzylaminophenyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

The reactions of 2-(2-benzylaminophenyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole with electrophilic 8-chloro-5,7-dinitroquinoline and 7-chloro-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan afforded two new bipolar spiro--complexes. The structure of the complex prepared by the latter reaction was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The activation parameters of the stereodynamic rearrangement of quinoline spirane were determined by dynamic NMR spectroscopy.Results of the study were presented at the International Conference Modern Trends in Organoelement and Polymer Chemistry dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences (May 30–June 4, 2004, Moscow).Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1990–1994, September, 2004.     

Reactions of phenylenedioxytrihalophosphoranes with arylacetylenes: VII. Reaction of 2,2,2-trichloro-4-fluoro-1,3,2λ<Superscript>5</Superscript>-benzodioxaphosphole with phenylacetylene

2,2,2-Trichloro-4-fluoro-1,3,2⁵-benzodioxaphosphole reacts with phenylacetylene to give 2,7-dichloro-5-fluoro-4-phenyl-2H-1,2⁵-benzoxaphosphinine 2-oxide. Hydrolysis of the latter leads to opening of the oxaphosphinine ring with formation of (E)-2-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylethenylphosphonic acid.__________Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 40, No. 12, 2004, pp. 1846–1851.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Mironov, Shtyrlina, Varaksina, Efremov, Konovalov.     

Synthesis of phosphinic acids on the basis of hypophosphites: IV. Synthesis of pseudo-γ-glutamylglycine and its enantiomers

A new method for construction of pseudopeptide molecules is proposed, exemplified by the synthesis of [3-amino-3-(hydroxycarbonyl)propyl][2-(hydroxycabonyl)ethyl]phosphinic acid (I) (pseudo--glutamylglycine), starting from ammonium hypophosphite. Enzymatic synthesis using immobilized penicillamidase allowed preparation of the enantiomers of acid I.Translated from Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, Vol. 74, No. 8, 2004, pp. 1273–1278.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Ragulin.For communication III, see [1].This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Synthesis of new liquid crystalline compounds containing an α,β-unsaturated ketone and β-chloroketone groups in the side chain

A number of new liquid crystalline compounds containing an ,-unsaturated ketone or -chloro ketone moiety in the side chain were synthesized. The key intermediates in the synthesis were 1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-octen-1-one and 3-chloro-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)octan-1-one which were prepared from 5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-pentyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole and 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)octan-1-one, respectively.Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 40, No. 10, 2004, pp. 1526–1531.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by V. Kovganko, N. Kovganko, Bezborodov.     

Cationic phosphoamphiphiles and thiophosphocholines derived from cetyl alcohol

New representatives of cationic phosphoryl lipids and thiophosphocholines containing a cetyl radical have been synthesized.Translated from Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, Vol. 74, No. 8, 2004, pp. 1257–1261.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Predvoditelev, Malenkovskaya, Vasyanina, Nifantev.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Preparation of ultradispersed transition metals in immobilized microreactors

Preparation of ultradispersed transition metals (20–100 nm) by reduction of metal complexes in molecular microreactors (cavities of immobilized calixarenes, polyelectrolytes) was studied.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 77, No. 11, 2004, pp. 1914–1916.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Altshuler, Sapozhnikova.     

Influence of copper stearate on oxidation of polyethylene stabilized with Neozon D

Catalytic reaction of copper(II) stearate with Neozon D in a polyethylene melt was studied.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 77, No. 9, 2004, pp. 1539–1542.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Lin, Vorobeva, Marchenko.     

Synthesis and structure of pyridine-containing hexahydrobenzofuranone oximes

Previously unknown pyridine-containing hexahydrobenzofuranone oximes were synthesized by reactions of 1-nitro-2-(3-pyridyl)ethene with dimedone and dihydroresorcinol, and their structure was studied by physicochemical methods. According to X-ray diffraction data, 2-hydroximino-6,6-dimethyl-3-(3- pyridyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydrobenzofuran-4-one has an almost planar five-membered heteroring and the pyridine ring almost perpendicular to it; the six-membered ring has a sofa conformation.Translated from Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, Vol. 74, No. 9, 2004, pp. 1504–1509.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Berestovitskaya, Ostroglyadov, Litvinov, Vasileva, Krivolapov.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Synthesis of 15β-hydroxyalkyl-substituted (17<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis>)-pregn-17-enes,their ethers and esters

Proceeding from ¹⁵-17-ketosteroids via copper(I)-catalyzed 1,4-addition of Grignard reagent followed by modification of the 15-alkenyl substituent, introduction of a 17-ethylidene component via Wittig reaction, and transformations in the A and B rings of the steroid molecule we obtained a series of 15-hydroxyalkyl-substituted (17Z)-pregn-17-enes, their ethers and esters.Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 40, No. 11, 2004, pp. 1656–1664.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Baranovskii, Litvinovskaya, Khripach.     

Phthalocyanines and related compounds: XXXVIII. Synthesis of symmetric taurine- and choline-substituted phthalocyanines

Procedures have been developed for the synthesis of a series of metal complexes derived from water-soluble anionic and cationic octa-4,5-carboxyphthalocyanine-taurine and choline conjugates.Translated from Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, Vol. 74, No. 11, 2004, pp. 1907–1911.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Mikhalenko, Soloveva, Lukyanets.For communication XXXVII, see [1].This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Non-ozone-depleting hydrofluorocarbons

The state-of-the-art of transition of the chemical sector producing ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in Russia to non-ozone-depleting substances (NODS) is considered. The review summarizes the studies conducted by the Russian Scientific Center Applied Chemistry (St. Petersburg) and a number of Russian Academy Institutes including substantiation for the production methods of non-ozone-depleting hydrofluorocarbons; the most probable chemical mechanisms of their synthesis; the basis for standard process flow diagrams to be used in their full-scale manufacture; and the information on actual and newly created NODS production facilities in the Russian Federation.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2364–2371, November, 2004.     

Solubilization compositions for template synthesis of mesoporous sorbents

The suitability of mixed solubilization compositions for template synthesis of mesoporous molecular sieves of various designations was demonstrated by analysis of published data and by the authors experimental results.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 77, No. 11, 2004, pp. 1787–1794.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Yaroshenko, Ilin.     

2-Nitroguanidine derivatives: VII. Reaction of 2-nitroguanidine with dicarboxylic acid dihydrazides

2-Nitroguanidine reacts with dicarboxylic acid dihydrazides to form intermediate condensation product which undergoes intramolecular cyclization, yielding the corresponding bis(3-nitroamino-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)alkanes and 5,5-bi(3-nitroamino-1,2,4-triazole) potassium salt. The structure of the products was confirmed by comparing their electron absorption spectra with those of 3,5-bis(nitroamino)-1,2,4-triazole salts.Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 40, No. 10, 2004, pp. 1464–1466.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Metelkina, Novikova, Berdonosova, Berdonosov, Grineva.For communication VI, see [1].