泡沫塑料对贵金属—碘化亚锡—络合物的吸附分离行为研究

本文通过泡沫塑料对贵金属－碘化亚锡体系富集分离的条件，怀能和朵理的研究，建立了一种泡沫塑料同时富集分离微量铂，钯，铑，铱，金的新体系。实验结果表明，在１．０ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ，０．６ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＩ和０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＳｎＣｌ２的溶液中，振荡吸附３０ｍｉｎ。各元素分配系数均在１０＾５以上，吸附容量（ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ）分别为：铂０．２５，钯０．２４，铑０．１２，铱０．１０，金０．５２，回收率分别为：铂９９．     

螯合泡沫塑料分离富集贵金属的研究

采用化学键合的方式合成了含氨基硫脲的螯合泡沫塑料,研究了ＰＣＦ－Ⅲ型螯合泡沫塑料分离富集贵金属金,银、铯的各种条件,试验了３０多种离子对分离富集金、银、铯、的影响,成功地应用于复杂试样中金、银、铯的分析。     

泡沫塑料分离富集技术的应用现状

对１９９２－１９９９年泡沫塑料分离富集技术的应用进行了综述 ;根据泡沫塑料的结构特性,对其负载,吸附和解脱过程的机理进行了探讨。     

用于分离,富集贵金属的螯合树脂发展近况

本文综述了螯合树脂对贵金属离子的吸附、洗脱性能.以及树脂的合成方法。     

分光光度法测定矿石中痕量金的分离富集方法研究 Ⅱ.泡沫塑料动态吸附

金矿石的类型复杂且金含量低,因此分离富集金的方法便是分析矿石中金的方法关键,我们在I报中研究了泡沫塑料(以下简称泡塑)静态分离富集金,并提出了以丙酮为解脱剂。丙酮不仅在常温下可有效地将金解脱,而且可直接用硫代米蚩酮显色分光光度法测定金,从而大大简化了分析手续。本文研究用泡塑柱动态分离富集金的方法,使金的分离和富集效果进一步得到改善,操作更为简捷,并有利于将分离富集过程仪器化和自动化。     

测定痕量铊的泡沫塑料吸附分离-镉试剂2B分光光度法

研究了在 pH11.5～12.5的NH3 -NH4Cl介质和TritonX -100存在下 ,镉试剂2B与铊 (Ⅲ )的显色反应。铊 (Ⅲ )与镉试剂2B形成摩尔比为1∶4的红色配合物 ,在测定波长500nm处 ,表观摩尔吸光系数为9.3×104 L·mol-1·cm-1 。室温下显色反应瞬间完成 ,配合物至少稳定12h ,线性范围是0～800μg/L。建立了采用聚胺酯泡沫塑料吸附铊 (Ⅲ ) ,与其他干扰元素分离 ,在水相体系快速、准确测定地质样品中痕量铊的方法。该法回收率为97.0 %～106 % ,5次测定的相对标准偏差不大于4.1 % ,其结果与原子吸收测定值吻合     

泡沫塑料动态快速分离富集金方法的研究

本文系统研究了泡沫塑料动态快速分离富集金的方法。对泡沫塑料柱的处理方法,再生及主要共存离子干扰的消除等均做了较详细的研究。提出了一种简便,不控速的金分离富集的方法。该法用于分析0.051～3.59g/t四种不同含量的金标样,结果与推荐值吻合,5次分析结果,相对标准偏差<5％,同时,可用泡沫塑料柱当天连续使用分析拿标样,回收率为93％—109％。     

竹炭-泡沫塑料复合材料对甲醛吸附性能的研究

考察了竹炭-泡沫塑料复合材料(ZP)对甲醛蒸汽的吸附量,研究了ZP中竹炭含量和吸附时间对甲醛吸附量的影响。结果表明:吸附时间2 h时,ZP-2(含竹炭5%)对甲醛的吸附量为7.157 mg.g-1,ZP-6(含竹炭25%)的吸附量增至11.913 mg.g-1;吸附时间为48 h时,ZP-2的吸附量为15.321 mg.g-1,ZP-6的吸附量增至28.668 mg.g-1。运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了竹炭与泡沫塑料的结合形态,初步解释了ZP对甲醛吸附性能变化的微观影响因素。采用SPSS软件以吸附时间、竹炭含量为变量对甲醛吸附量进行回归分析,得出回归方程为:Y=3.94×Ln(X1)+30.56×(X2)+1.7,相关系数R2=0.95。表明随着吸附时间(X1),竹炭含量(X2)的增加,ZP对甲醛的吸附量(Y)逐渐增大,ZP能够有效地吸附甲醛。     

泡沫塑料吸附-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中痕量镉

用原子吸收光谱法测定水中镉时,为提高测定灵敏度,多采用有机试剂萃取富集的方法[1]。但萃取所用的试剂挥发性强、毒性大,对环境污染较大,损害人体健康。试验中发现,在I-存在的条件下,泡沫塑料(以下简称泡塑)可定量富集磷酸介质中以[CdI4]2-形式存在的镉,并且富集后的镉可在硫脲溶液中得到完全解脱。本文对该体系进行了研究,建立了测定水中痕量镉的方法,该方法中镉的吸附率高,解脱方便,测定结果稳定可靠,用于水样中痕量镉的分析,结果满意。1试验部分1.1仪器与试剂GGX-9型原子吸收光谱仪。镉标准溶液:按常规方法配制成1 g·L-1,使用时逐级…     

分光光度法测定矿石中痕量金的富集方法的研究 Ⅰ.泡沫塑料静态吸附解脱金的研究

本文详细地研究了泡沫塑料静态吸附金的条件及用硫代米蚩酮光度法测定金时 Tl、Hg、Ag、Pd 等干扰离子的分离及消除干扰的方法,并提出了定量解脱金的简便方法。拟定了快速测定矿石中金的分析方法。     

Effect on the Chromatographic Behavior of Gold of the Process Used to Acid-Wash Polyurethane Foam

The effect on polyurethane foam (PUF) of washing with different concentrations of HCl (1, 3, 6, or 11.8 M) has been studied. After washing, PUF was characterized by use of different techniques. The adsorption properties of PUF and its chromatographic behavior in the separation and preconcentration of gold from thiocyanate solution were investigated by batch and dynamic processes. Uptake of Au(III) was maximum after washing with 0.05–0.2 M HCl. The kinetics of adsorption of the Au(III) were found to be rapid; the average half-live of adsorption (t _1/2) was 60 s. Average values of the thermodynamic quantities ΔH and ΔG were −40.7 and −5.9 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. These data indicate that adsorption of Au(III) by white PUF proceeds via both weak anion exchange and an ion-association mechanism. PUF was verified as a good adsorbent by determination of Au(III) in spring water and in gold alloy samples.     

聚氨酯泡沫富集-ICP-AES法测定土壤及水系沉积物中铊含量

本文建立了一种以聚氨酯泡沫富集-ICP-AES法测定土壤及水系沉积物中铊含量的分析方法,利用正交实验,确定最佳实验条件,方法的检出限为0.01mg/L,经对土壤及水系沉积物成分分析标准物质的检测,结果与推荐值相符,相对误差小于10%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)在1.9%-4.9%之间。     

Evaluation of Hydrophobic Polyurethane Foam as Sorbent Material for Oil Spill Recovery

In this work, hydrophobic polyurethane foam was prepared using hy-drosilicone oil-grafted polybutadiene as soft segment via foaming technology. It was found that the hydrophobic polyurethane foams exhibited good hydrophobic capability and were regenerated easily. Of great interest, the hydrophobic polyurethane foams expand in contact with the oils. This indicates that the process of sorption by the hydrophobic polyurethane foams involves both the filling of the pores with oils and the absorption of oils by the polymer regions (polyurethane elastomer skeleton), and the adsorption capacity of the hydrophobic polyurethane foams can be enhanced by the swelling of the polyurethane elastomer skeleton. We can use this finding to improve the adsorption capacity of the hydrophobic polyurethane foams without merely changing the porosity. The effect of the swelling property of the hydrophobic polyurethane foams on the sorption capacity was further investigated. The results suggest that the hydrophobic polyurethane foams are promising in the application of oil spill recovery.     

NMR Microscopy and Image Processing for the Characterization of Flexible Polyurethane Foam

NMR tomography in material science? Three-dimensional images with a spacial resolution of 10 μm are now possible for porous, liquid-containing materials with NMR microscopy. They can be processed further with image evaluation methods and used, for example, for the characterization of open-cell foams (see illustration).     

Development and Validation of Novel DH-GC-ITMS Methods for the Determination of Freon F-141b in Formulated Polyol and Rigid Polyurethane Foam

Two efficient methods for the determination of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (Freon F-141b) in formulated polyol and rigid polyurethane foam by dynamic-headspace-gas chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry were developed and validated. Rigid polyurethane foam was efficiently dissolved in dimethylformamide by heating at the temperature of 60 °C for 2 h.Validation was carried out in terms of limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantitation (LOQ), linearity, precision and recovery. LOD values of 4.00 g kg^–1 for rigid polyurethane foam and 0.73 g kg^–1 for formulated polyol were achieved, whereas linearity was statistically verified over one order of magnitude. Precision was evaluated testing two concentration levels. Good results were obtained both in terms of intra-day repeatability and between-day precision: RSD % lower than 4% (n = 6) at the concentration of 15 g kg^–1 were calculated for intra-day repeatability. Extraction recoveries up to 92.6±1.6 % (n = 3) were also calculated by the addition of Freon F-141b to the samples analysed. Both the methods were applied for the analysis of a number of formulated polyol and rigid polyurethane foam samples.     

负载贵金属光催化剂的光催化活性研究

在注入V离子的二氧化钛光催化剂上负载贵金属,制备了在可见光照射下具有高光催化活性的功能型光催化剂,研究在可见光和太阳光照射下丙炔的光催化水解反应，利用这些改性的二氧化钛构筑太阳能到化学能的转换系统.研究结果发现了V/Pt光催化剂在丙炔和水的光催化水解反应中，由于贵金属的存在，有利于促进发生加氢反应；导致丙烯的生成量增加.在可见光下的光催化活性也和负载贵金属所处的氧化状态有着密切的关系，贵金属完全被还原到0价是提高光催化活性的必要条件.     

贵金属离子非酶法生物还原机理初探

在微生物湿法冶金回收贵金属的研究工作中,掌握金属非酶法生物还原的作用过程及本质是优化浸出工艺条件,设计高效,经济的生物加收技术的关键,因此有关细菌固定金属的作用机制的研究一直为人们所关注,冻干的海藻（Chlorella vulgaris)和四氯金（Ⅲ）酸盐[AuCl4]-相互作用,Au3＋快速被还原为Au ,继而缓慢地被还原成Au[1],厌氧的脱硫弧菌属（Desulfovibrio desulfuricans)的休止细胞能将溶液中的钯离子还原为金属钯,用丙酮酸钠,甲酸钠或氢气作为电子供体[2],我们试图从失活细菌与金属离子的界面出发,利用谱学技术,考察细菌与金属离子之间的相互作用本质,为开发利用生物体作为吸附剂进行废水处理,回收贵重或有害金属以及制备高分散度负载型金属催化剂[3]提供理论依据。     

牛血清白蛋白在医用聚氨酯弹性体表面的吸附

制备了具有较好机械性能的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)型聚氨酯弹性体胶片, 并进行表面肝素化处理, 得到抗凝血医用导管材料. 将聚氨酯胶片浸泡在牛血清白蛋白(BSA)水溶液中, 利用稀溶液黏度法研究了牛血清白蛋白在聚氨酯胶片表面的动态吸附情况, 并采用界面校正黏度方程计算溶液浓度变化. 研究发现, 牛血清白蛋白分子能迅速吸附到聚氨酯胶片表面, 但达到吸附平衡需要较长时间. 牛血清白蛋白在聚氨酯表面吸附后的溶液中分子构象发生变化.