溶液浇铸法制备氘代聚乙烯薄膜

采用改进的溶液浇铸法,用氘代聚乙烯为原料,制备了厚度为100, 200, 400 μm的氘代聚乙烯薄膜。研究了溶液温度、干燥温度、真空加热温度及时间等因素对成膜性、薄膜均匀性和透明性的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件:溶液温度120～130 ℃,干燥温度80～100 ℃,加热温度120 ℃,加热时间1 h。3维视频显微镜和原子力显微镜表征结果表明:制备的薄膜透明性较好,厚度较均匀;薄膜表面起伏较小。     

溶液浇铸法制备氘代聚乙烯薄膜

 采用改进的溶液浇铸法,用氘代聚乙烯为原料,制备了厚度为100, 200, 400 μm的氘代聚乙烯薄膜。研究了溶液温度、干燥温度、真空加热温度及时间等因素对成膜性、薄膜均匀性和透明性的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件：溶液温度120～130 ℃,干燥温度80～100 ℃,加热温度120 ℃,加热时间1 h。3维视频显微镜和原子力显微镜表征结果表明:制备的薄膜透明性较好,厚度较均匀;薄膜表面起伏较小。     

ICF氘代固体靶的研制

以自制全氘代苯乙烯单体(氘代率99%)为原料, 以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂, 经自由基本体聚合反应, 先制得全氘代聚苯乙烯, 最后采用乳液微封装技术制得了直径150～450μm、壁厚2～15μm、球形度≥99.5%、同心度95%～98%、表面粗糙度＜30nm的ICF固体靶用空心微球。介绍了制备工艺,并对全氘代聚笨乙烯分子量及其分布的控制,微球壁内气泡形成机理,微球储存稳定性等进行了初步探讨。     

ICF氘代固体靶的研制

 以自制全氘代苯乙烯单体(氘代率99%)为原料, 以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂, 经自由基本体聚合反应, 先制得全氘代聚苯乙烯, 最后采用乳液微封装技术制得了直径150～450μm、壁厚2～15μm、球形度≥99.5%、同心度95%～98%、表面粗糙度＜30nm的ICF固体靶用空心微球。介绍了制备工艺,并对全氘代聚笨乙烯分子量及其分布的控制,微球壁内气泡形成机理,微球储存稳定性等进行了初步探讨。     

Z箍缩靶用聚合物丝的弛豫特性

聚苯乙烯（PS）,聚乙烯（PE）及其的氘代物是Z箍缩驱动惯性约束聚变（ICF）实验中的重要固体燃料容器材料,针对物理实验对其形状的特殊要求,利用高压毛细管流变仪及HAUL-OFF熔体拉伸测试单元进行熔融纺丝,制备出直径为30～100 μm的聚合物丝样品。通过对PS,PE以及氘代聚苯乙烯（DPS）丝的力学弛豫性质研究发现：在相同的恒定应力下,实验用PS丝的蠕变量明显小于PE丝,PS丝表现出更好的尺寸稳定性;当定伸长为1％时,PS丝的松弛率明显小于PE丝;DPS丝的蠕变及应力松弛行为与PS丝具有相同的变化趋势。     

氘平面冷冻靶制备技术研究

在激光惯性约束聚变（ICF）实验研究中,需要研究一些原子／分子（如氩、氢、氘、氚等）在低温冷冻状态下与强冲击波的相互作用,获得相关的状态方程实验数据。为此,需要创造一个稳定的低温环境,将这些在常温下为气态的原子／分子冷冻成固态或液态。美国已经建立了平面冷冻靶制备实验装置,并在OMEGA实验装置上利用液氘平面低温冷冻靶获得了其状态方程实验数据。     

强场物理与快点火靶的制备

采用本体聚合技术合成全氘代聚苯乙烯（DPS），所得聚合物分子量约250000，分散度约3，氘代率为98．7％。采用热诱导相分离技术制备全氘代聚苯乙烯泡沫。在室温溶解DPS于溶剂中，然后转入轴向冷却模具，进行单向冷却，直到溶剂完全冷冻，最后取出冷冻样置于冷冻干燥仪中进行冷冻干燥，待溶剂完全脱出后即得泡沫。通过对二恶烷／环己烷混合溶剂相图，以及PS一混合溶剂体系的相图的测定，     

搅拌法制备聚合物微球中油水相对壁厚的影响

为了研究乳液微封装技术中油水相对微球壁厚的影响,推导了在理想状态下微球壁厚、油相质量分数和油水相比这三者之间的函数关系。结果表明:当内相水滴半径和油相质量分数为常数时,微球壁厚是油水相比的单增函数;而当内相水滴半径和油水相比为常数时,微球壁厚是油相质量分数的单增函数。即提高油相质量分数或增大油水相比对增加壁厚而言具有等效性。根据此规律,在搅拌法制备小直径聚苯乙烯微球中,通过调整油水相的各参数,确定了制备小直径厚壁聚苯乙烯微球的关键工艺参数。实验表明:采用搅拌法制备10~25 m壁厚的小直径聚苯乙烯微球时,油相质量分数宜配制为5.3%~7.0%,油水相比宜控制在1.6~2.2之间,而外水相中聚乙烯醇质量分数宜控制在1%~3%之内。     

搅拌法制备聚合物微球中油水相对壁厚的影响

为了研究乳液微封装技术中油水相对微球壁厚的影响,推导了在理想状态下微球壁厚、油相质量分数和油水相比这三者之间的函数关系。结果表明：当内相水滴半径和油相质量分数为常数时,微球壁厚是油水相比的单增函数;而当内相水滴半径和油水相比为常数时,微球壁厚是油相质量分数的单增函数。即提高油相质量分数或增大油水相比对增加壁厚而言具有等效性。根据此规律,在搅拌法制备小直径聚苯乙烯微球中,通过调整油水相的各参数,确定了制备小直径厚壁聚苯乙烯微球的关键工艺参数。实验表明:采用搅拌法制备10~25 m壁厚的小直径聚苯乙烯微球时,油相质量分数宜配制为5.3%~7.0%,油水相比宜控制在1.6~2.2之间,而外水相中聚乙烯醇质量分数宜控制在1%~3%之内。     

功率对氘代辉光放电聚合物结构和力学性能的影响

采用射频辉光放电聚合技术,在低压等离子体聚合装置上开展在5~20 W功率下氘代辉光放电聚合物薄膜的制备及性能研究。利用傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱仪表征薄膜的化学结构,讨论了功率变化对其官能团结构的影响规律。利用元素分析仪和纳米压痕仪表征薄膜中氘原子的相对含量和薄膜的力学性能。研究表明:随着功率的升高,薄膜中的氘含量先升高后降低,在10W时达到最大,薄膜中SP3 CD的相对含量增加,SP3 CD2的相对含量减小;聚合物薄膜的硬度和杨氏模量均随功率的增加而减小。     

机械研磨法制备晶体密度钼膜技术研究

 具有晶体理论密度的高质量金属薄膜对于材料的高温高压状态方程研究十分重要。通过机械研磨抛光技术制备出厚度大于20 μm,均方根粗糙度小于100 nm,厚度一致性好于99％的钼膜。研究了工艺条件对薄膜表面形貌、厚度一致性与表面粗糙度等的影响。机械研磨抛光时,采用较小粒径的磨料和材质较软的研具,可以获得较高的表面质量。在研磨过程中,工件的边缘受到的磨料切削作用最强,采用工件在工装表面均匀分布的形式,薄膜的厚度一致性有较大改善。探讨了目前制备极薄的薄膜工艺存在的问题及可能的解决办法。     

Consistency and variations in optical characteristics of four-layer polymeric waveguides

In the present work, four-layer polymeric waveguides have been fabricated and characterized by interchanging the film layer. Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) polymer it has been shown that polymers do not loose their own property in multilayer structure and better efficiency can be achieved in the form of low propagation losses and mode filtration. Due to high contrast of PVA and SAN films, a broad spectrum of refractive index in four-layer structure has been achieved.     

Growth and characteristics of hydrogenated In-doped ZnO thin films by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering

We investigated the role of hydrogen impurities in highly oriented In-doped ZnO (IZO:H) films. The conductivity of ZnO:H films exhibit small variation despite the increase of hydrogen ratio. The small variation of the carrier concentration in IZO:H films can be explained by the reduction of the oxygen deficiency for the charge neutrality and the increase of Vzn-H bonding for partially charge compensation in the films. The additional mode at 573 cm⁻¹ is interpreted as vacancy clusters. The discrepancy between the increase of vacancy clusters (573 cm⁻¹) and small variation of carrier concentration is attributed to the different physical characteristics of the IZO:H films due to the hydrogen existence between bulk and surface. The measured FT-IR peak at 3500 cm⁻¹ exhibits typical characteristic of O-H bonding.     

Research on temperature field characteristics of optical films under 1064 nm short-pulse laser radiation

The 3-D temperature field distribution (TFD) equation of optical films (OFs) was analyzed, based on the film temperature field distribution (FTFD) model irradiated by Gaussian short-pulse laser, and short-pulse laser-induced temperature field distribution of TiO₂/SiO₂ composite membranes on K9 glasses was obtained by means of numerical simulation. The results show that the thermal effect of optical films is very obvious under the Gaussian short-pulse laser. Temperature at the center of the spot rises faster than in other areas, and it decreases along the radius rapidly. It provides theoretical basis for progress analysis of short-pulse laser acting on optical films.     

Bonding at Compatible and Incompatible Amorphous Interfaces of Polystyrene and Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Below the Glass Transition Temperature

Abstract

Films of high‐molecular‐weight amorphous polystyrene (PS, M _w = 225 kg/mol, M _w/M _n = 3, T _g‐bulk = 97°C, where T _g‐bulk is the glass transition temperature of the bulk sample) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, M _w = 87 kg/mol, M _w/M _n = 2, T _g‐bulk = 109°C) were brought into contact in a lap‐shear joint geometry at a constant healing temperature T _h, between 44°C and 114°C, for 1 or 24 hr and submitted to tensile loading on an Instron tester at ambient temperature. The development of the lap‐shear strength σ at an incompatible PS–PMMA interface has been followed in regard to those at compatible PS–PS and PMMA–PMMA interfaces. The values of strength for the incompatible PS–PMMA and compatible PMMA–PMMA interfaces were found to be close, both being smaller by a factor of 2 to 3 than the values of σ for the PS–PS interface developed after healing at the same conditions. This observation suggests that the development of the interfacial structure at the PS–PMMA interface is controlled by the slow component, i.e., PMMA. Bonding at the three interfaces investigated was mechanically detected after healing for 24 hr at T _h = 44°C, i.e., well below T _g‐bulks of PS and PMMA, with the observation of very close values of the lap‐shear strength for the three interfaces considered, 0.11–0.13 MPa. This result indicates that the incompatibility between the chain segments of PS and PMMA plays a negligible negative role in the interfacial bonding well below T _g‐bulk.     

Stable multilayer thin films composed of gold nanoparticles and lysozyme

It needs appropriately attractive forces to construct multilayer thin films by layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technique. It is feasible to prepare multilayer thin films on glass slides with negatively charged gold nanoparticles and positively charged lysozyme through the electrostatic LBL assembly technique. The gold nanoparticles/lysozyme multilayer thin films are highly stable; immersion in 0.1 M HCl, NaOH, and surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solutions cannot destroy the films. The highly stable gold nanoparticles/lysozyme multilayer thin films have potential application in long-term antibacterial coating.     

Preparation and optical properties of UV dye DMT-doped silica films

UV dye DMT-doped silica films were prepared by sol-gel process with dioxane as the cosolvent. Luminescence quenching was not observed even if the DMT concentration in the visibly transparent silica film is as high as 1.26×10⁻² M. The emission peaks centered at ∼375 nm for the films show red-shift of 35-45 nm, comparing with that of the cyclohexane solution of DMT. The fluorescence quantum efficiency of the films centered at ∼590 nm are larger than those at ∼375 nm.     

利用TEM对Si基片与MgO基片上生长的薄膜特性的研究

对生长在Si和MgO单晶基片上的不同厚度的单层NbN薄膜、双层薄膜AlN/NbN以及三层薄膜NbN/AlN/NbN应用透射电子显微镜(Transmission Electron Microscope,TEM)技术进行了分析研究,对这几种薄膜样品的微观结构、薄膜厚度以及各个边界的一些直观细节给出了较为清晰的图像。由透射电子显微镜的电子衍射图案计算了薄膜和单晶衬底的晶格常数,并与我们以前采用X射线衍射技术分析的结果进行了比较,结果有很好的吻合。     

X射线荧光光谱法对玻璃上膜层厚度及成分含量的测定

提出用X射线荧光光谱法测定浮法玻璃上镀层厚度及其各层成分含量的分析研究,对样品各层元素的测定条件、仪器工作条件等进行了设置调整,以期对每个元素的测定效果达到最佳。建立了膜层试样的背景基本参数(BG-FP)法,测定结果与实际制备条件吻合,适用于生产应用。