基于NASIC程序的纳米金辐射增敏效应模拟研究

纳米金粒子（GNP）应用为放疗辐射增敏剂是目前国际上的一个研究热点。使用自主研发的纳剂量生物物理蒙特卡罗程序(NASIC),模拟研究了光子照射下细胞环境中GNP的物理增敏效应和生物增敏效应。通过建立单个GNP位于细胞核中心以及多个GNP在细胞内四种理想分布的GNP-细胞模型,分析光子能量、GNP粒子尺寸和分布对能量沉积、DNA辐射损伤和细胞存活的影响。结果表明,GNP附近约2 m的范围内具有能量沉积的增强效应,这主要是因为GNP内光电效应作用数目的显著增加。不同条件下细胞核内能量沉积、DSB数目和细胞存活分数增强效应的变化规律基本一致,但增强因子呈递减趋势,三种评价指标增强因子的最大值分别为1.55,1.32 和1.14。光子能量为40 keV、GNP直径为100 nm并分布在细胞核表面时,相比其他参数组合具有较高的物理和生物辐射增敏效应。     

金纳米粒子对黑色素瘤细胞的重离子辐射增敏效应研究

采用配体交换法合成了粒径15 nm左右的11-巯基十一烷酸包被的金纳米粒子（mAuNPs）,使用透射电镜和纳米粒度电位仪对合成后的金纳米粒子进行了表征,然后用MTT法检测了mAuNPs对体外培养小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞的毒性。在传能线密度（LET）为50 keV/μm的碳离子束照射下,利用香豆素-3-羧酸（3CCA）作为荧光探针检测mAuNPs对水溶液中羟自由基的增强效应、二氯荧光素双醋酸盐（DCFHDA）检测mAuNPs对细胞内活性氧（ROS）的增强效应、克隆形成法检测mAuNPs对B16-F10细胞的辐射增敏效应。实验结果表明:mAuNPs对小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞基本无毒;mAuNPs对水溶液中的羟自由基产额增强为1.08~2.95倍;在共培养浓度为5 μg/mL情况下mAuNPs增加了胞内活性氧水平,mAuNPs在10%细胞存活水平下的辐射增敏比（SER）为1.15。因此,mAuNPs在黑色素瘤细胞中展现出对重离子的辐射增敏效应。     

儿童膨化食品中痕量铝的胶束增敏荧光光度法测定

本文采用了铝－8－羟基喹啉－5－磺酸（H2QS）－十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）胶束增敏体系，用荧光光度法对7种儿童膨化食品中痕量铝进行了测定，同时对样品的测定条件和消化处理进行了较详细的研究。方法简单、快速、灵敏度高，测定结果令人满意。     

基于相干光时域反射型的光纤分布式声增敏传感研究

开展了基于相干光时域反射型的光纤分布式声增敏传感研究,提出了单端固定开口波纹薄筒光纤声增敏方法,建立了光纤声增敏装置波节间距、单波节轴向刚度、光纤长度等参数对光纤相位灵敏度的影响理论模型.制作了3种规格的光纤声增敏传感装置进行声传感实验.实验结果表明,声增敏传感装置相位灵敏度达到2.975 rad/Pa,最小声探测信号达到60.1 dB,3种规格的声增敏传感装置的灵敏度测试值与理论分析基本一致.研究结果为高灵敏度的光纤分布式声传感的进一步发展提供了理论和实验基础.     

表面活性剂对镍、铅增敏效应的研究

本文研究了在火焰原子吸收光谱分析法中,ＴＰＢ,ＣＰ,ＴＰＣ等１０种表面活性剂对金属元素Ｎｉ,Ｐｂ的增敏效应,通过测定加入ＳＤＳ,ＣＴＡＢ、乳化剂－ＯＰ后溶液的表面张力,探讨了表面活性剂对测定金属元素的增敏机理。     

火焰原子吸收光谱分析增敏作用的研究

研究了三种有机溶剂、五种有机试剂、八种表面活性及水溶性高分子化合物对生命科学、环境科学上感兴趣的十一种元素Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Sr、Pb、Mg等的增敏作用。它们对这些元素都有不同程度的增敏,最大值敏倍数达9.5倍。     

金纳米粒子的放射增敏效应研究

系统阐述了与金纳米粒子(GNPs) 放射增敏效应相关实验的方法与结果、影响GNPs 放射增敏的因素、GNPs 放射增敏的细胞和动物实验表现及其相关机制。同时结合相关实验,分析和比较了15 nm 柠檬酸钠包被的GNPs 的放射增敏效应,发现GNPs 在高LET 的碳离子束和低LET 的X射线辐照下对Hela细胞的杀伤力随其浓度的增加而增大;在50% 的细胞存活率下,当GNPs 的质量浓度为7.5 g/mL时,其X射线的剂量减少率和碳离子的相对生物学效应值(RBE) 的增加率达到了最大,分别为65.3% 和43.6%,同时GNPs 共培养细胞24 和48 h 后,未出现细胞周期同步化的现象。This paper describes the methods and results of the previous experiments, the experimental phenomena of the cell and animal tests and the relative mechanisms on the radiosensitizing effect of GNPs. Together with our experiments, the radiosensitizing effects of 15 nm citrate-capped GNPs and related mechanisms are analyzed and compared, finding that Hela cell killing of GNPs increase along with their concentration after exposure to high- and low-LET radiation such as carbon ions and X-rays. In addition, the percentages of dose reduction of the X-rays and RBE increment of the carbon ions reached their maximums 65.3% and 43.6%, respectively,at 50% survival level when Hela cells were pre-treated with 7.5 g/mL GNPs. Moreover, Hela cells showed no cell-cycle synchronization after 24 and 48 h exposure to GNPs.     

低功率有机ICP中乙醇增敏效应的研究

研究了低功率有机ICP中乙醇对试液物性（密度、粘度、表面张力）及等离子体激发参数（气体温度、激发温度、电子密度和电离温度）的影响。测定了多种元素在不同浓度乙醇水溶液中的检出限。结果表明，乙醇的引入提高了分析物进入等离子体速率，并对具有低激发电位和电离电位的稀土元素有一定的增敏效应，而对具有较高电离电位和激发电位的Cd,Zn,B有抑制作用，并减弱了等离子偏离LTE状态。     

侧面压迫式及端面拉伸式增敏光纤光栅水声传感器

研究了采用侧面压迫式增敏和端面拉伸式增敏的无源光纤光栅水声传感器。采用灌注和弹性片端面增敏两种方案分别对光纤光栅传感器进行增敏。研究结果表明灌注方案谐振频率过低(300Hz),高频灵敏度过低(小于-205dB),且制作工艺要求比较复杂;弹性片端面增敏方案采用铍铜片进行增敏,在100～1000Hz频率范围内灵敏度为(-175±2)dB。对端面增敏传感器进行了封装,并应用于水声的检测实验。实验表明,该传感器在灵敏度及灵敏度频响指标上已经可以满足应用要求。     

微乳液进样火焰原子吸收光度法测定食品中的微量锰

研究了多种表面活性剂及微乳液对火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锰的增敏作用，并选择增敏作用最强的微乳液作为锰测定的增敏试剂，拟定了测定锰的新方法。     

Dynamics at the liquid-vapor interface of a supercooled organic glass former

We investigated the dynamics near the liquid-vapor interface of the supercooled model organic glass former dibutyl phthalate by using surface-sensitive x-ray scattering techniques. Our results reveal significant enhancement of the relaxation rate over a wide length-scales range. The analysis of the dispersion relation of long-wavelength surface fluctuations yields a nonzero value of the share modulus near the free surface. At the molecular level, the dynamics in the near surface region (10-15 nm) is inhomogeneous. The mobility is decreasing with increasing distance from the free surface. Below the bulk glass transition, two distinct relaxation times were observed differing by 1 order of magnitude. The observed fast relaxation proves the existence of a high mobility liquidlike surface layer of 10 nm thickness on top of a frozen in bulk system.     

Investigations on PMMA-PVdF polymer blend electrolyte with esters of dibenzoic acids as plasticizers

Plasticizers can be used to change the electrical and mechanical properties of polymer electrolytes by reducing the degree of crystallinity and lowering the glass transition temperature. The transport properties of gel type ionic conducting membranes consisting of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly (vinylidene fluriode) (PVdF), Lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP) or diethyl phthalate (DEP) were studied. The polymer films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Thermal, Fourier transform infrared and impedance spectroscopic studies. It is found that the addition of DMP as the plasticizer in the PMMA / PVdF-LiClO₄ polymer complex favours an enhancement in ionic conductivity. The temperature dependence of the conductivity of the polymer films seems to obey the VTF relation. The conductivity values are presented and the results are discussed.     

Synthesis and characterization of organic soluble polyaniline prepared by one-step emulsion polymerization

Emeraldine salt of polyaniline-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI-DBSA) in organic solvents such as toluene and xylene was obtained by a direct one-step emulsion polymerization technique. When the molar ratio of DBSA to aniline monomer was 1.5:1, solubility and electrical property showed a maximum value. The solid contents of PANI-DBSA was 8 wt.% in toluene. The casting film of PANI-DBSA was obtained on glass or plastic substrate under ambient conditions. PANI solution can also be easily blended with polyurethane and polystyrene polymers in toluene. Better electrical performance (up to 5 S/cm), good light transmittance (up to 70% at 500 nm thickness), were obtained and more homogeneous morphology was observed for the casting film of PANI-DBSA prepared by the present method as compared with that prepared by the aqueous emulsion polymerization. The partially dispersed PANI-DBSA particles of 50–400 nm sizes in organic solvents such as toluene and xylene were observed and the crystalline nature of these powder samples was confirmed from the XRD patterns.     

邻苯二甲酸二酯系玻璃材料中裂纹愈合效应研究

用最近发明的一种能够实时检测玻璃材料中应力诱导裂纹(stress cracking)和裂纹愈合(crack-healing)的新方法(RMS-L-CH)对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的系列玻璃材料中应力诱导裂纹和裂纹愈合效应进行了测量,对裂纹愈合效应的现象及其与玻璃化转变的关系进行了深入的研究与讨论.结果进一步验证了RMS-L-CH方法的有效性,并且表明该方法可能提供一种表征玻璃化转变过程和研究玻璃化转变机理的新手段.     

Water-Soluble InP/ZnS QDs as Dibutyl Phthalate Markers. The Influence of Alcohol on the Solubility of Phthalates

Optics and Spectroscopy - The interaction of water-soluble semiconductor InP/ZnS–PEG–COOH quantum dots (QDs) with dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in samples of fresh and sea water is studied....     

Combined effect of CuO nanofillers and DBP plasticizer on ionic conductivity enhancement in the solid polymer electrolyte PEO–LiCF<Subscript>3</Subscript>SO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

We report a new kind of polyethylene oxide, PEO–LiCF₃SO₃-based composite polymer electrolyte, containing active copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles with dibutyl phthalate (DBP) prepared by solution-cast technique. The incorporation of 10 wt.% DBP and 5 wt.% CuO to the salted polymer showed a significant conductivity enhancement with maximum conductivity 2.62 × 10⁻⁴ Scm⁻¹ at room temperature. This could be attributed to the increasing of amorphous phase content and structural changes in the polymer electrolyte. Arrhenius plot suggest that temperature-dependent conductivity is a thermally activated process.     

痕量挥发性有机物的高场不对称波形离子迁移谱研究

高场不对称波形离子迁移谱(high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry,FAIMS)技术是一种快速、高灵敏的痕量物质检测技术.利用自制的高场不对称波形离子迁移谱仪分别对丙酮、苯和甲苯样品进行了检测,结果表明三种挥发性物质在谱图中的分离效果优于传统离子迁...     

红外光谱等方法在电机易烧毁事故分析中的应用

本文应用红外光谱,气相色谱等方法对１０３２三聚氰胺醇酸绝缘漆的稀释剂“二甲苯”进行了成份分析,结论是该稀释剂根本不是二甲苯,而是以苯,甲苯,卤代烃,二甲苯,和甲醇组成的混合液,找出了电机易烧毁的原因。     

Confined phonons in glasses

The European Physical Journal E - We have applied nuclear inelastic absorption (NIA) to the molecular glass former dibutyl phthalate/ferrocene, both in bulk and in nanoporous matrices having pore...     

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯系材料的液态簧振动力学谱测量

用液态簧振动力学谱方法对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的系列样品进行了测量. 在升温过程中所测温区范围内，结果表明邻苯二甲酸二甲酯样品相继发生了动力学玻璃化转变、过冷液态的结晶、晶体—液态相变和挥发过程，而在邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯样品中仅仅发生了动力学玻璃化转变和挥发过程. 上述实验结果与分析表明，液态簧振动力学谱方法是研究拥有液态过程的可靠和有效的方法，并且能够提供物质变化的丰富信息.