Non-adiabatic gravitational collapse of charged radiating fluid spheres

Dynamical equations governing the non-adiabatic collapse of a shear-free spherical distribution of unisotropic matter in the presence of charge are obtained. A brief outline of constructing a model describing collapse of a charged radiating fluid sphere in the set up developed is given.     

Analysis of a charged unidirectional perfect fluid gravitational collapse in cylindrical spacetime

The gravitational collapse of charged imperfect fluids (including the presence of strings) models the structural evolution of the Universe. The dynamics of a charged cylindrically symmetric spacetime investigates the effects of charge on the rate of gravitational collapse. In this respect, the Einstein–Maxwell equations are formed and solved to obtain the values of the dynamical parameters of the fluid including density, pressure and electric field. These parameters are graphically presented. It was concluded that the string tension effects all the physical parameters of the fluid. Moreover, the density and electric field intensity increases while the fluid’s pressure decreases near the time of singularity formation.     

Magnetohydrodynamic flow of burgers fluid with heat source and power law heat flux

Here magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) two-dimensional (2D) flow of an incompressible Burgers material bounded by a permeable stretched surface is addressed. The boundary layer flow equations are modelled. Heat transfer is discussed for power law heat flux at the surface and heat source. Convergent series solutions are constructed. Clarification of different emerging variables is presented through graphs of velocity, temperature and local Nusselt number. The present solutions are matched with the available published work in a limiting case.     

耗散系统不可逆过程中的可拓展广义相对论引力关系

利用密度分布的不均匀度h(ρ)和粗粒熵S（ρtε）及推导的多标度因数η*计算式，将Weyl曲率拓展为多标度曲率R*；利用与物理量在几何上的奇异性分布有关的多重分形，初步建立嵌入Riemann空间的生长结构多重分形几何；在此基础上，通过引入与分形维数、信息维数和关联维数有关的广义维数Du，建立非保守引力场方程.分析表明：新结果为解决宇宙学奇性、星系团的“不明物质”、黑洞的信息疑难、引力理论与量子物理的统一等问题提供适当基础. 关键词： 时空关系 耗散系统 不可逆性 可拓展广义相对论 非保守引力质量     

Gravitational Collapse of a Spherical Star with Heat Flow as a Possible Energy Mechanism of Gamma-Ray Bursts

We investigate the gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric, inhomogeneous star, which is described by a perfect fluid with heat flow and satisfies the equation of state p = p/3 at its center. In the process of the gravitational collapse, the energy of the whole star is emitted into space. And the remaining spacetime is a Minkowski one without a remnant at the end of the process. For a star with a solar mass and solar radius, the total energy emitted is at the order of 10^54 erg, and the time-scale of the process is about 8 s. These are in the typical values for a gamma-ray burst. Thus, we suggest the gravitational collapse of a spherical star with heat flow as a possible energy mechanism of gamma-ray bursts.     

Gravitational Collapse of a Spherical Star with Heat Flow as a Possible Energy Mechanism of Gamma-Ray Bursts

We investigate the gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric, inhomogeneous star, which is described by a perfect fluid with heat flow and satisfies the equation of state p=ρ/3 at its center. In the process of the gravitational collapse, the energy of the whole star is emitted into space. And the remaining spacetime is a Minkowski one without a remnant at the end of the process. For a star with a solar mass and solar radius, the total energy emitted is at the order of 10⁵⁴ erg, and the time-scale of the process is about 8 s. These are in the typical values for a gamma-ray burst. Thus, we suggest the gravitational collapse of a spherical star with heat flow as a possible energy mechanism of gamma-ray bursts.     

Dynamics of high-frequency modulated waves in a nonlinear dissipative continuous bi-inductance network

This paper presents intensive investigation of dynamics of high frequency nonlinear modulated excitations in a damped bimodal lattice. The effects of the dissipation are considered through a linear dissipation coefficient whose evolution in terms of the carrier wave frequency is checked. There appears that the dissipation coefficient increases with the carrier wave frequency. In the linear limit and for high frequency waves, study of the asymptotic behavior of plane waves reveals the existence of two additional regions in the dispersion curve where the modulational phenomenon is observed compared to the lossless line. Based on the multiple scales method exploited in the continuum approximation using an appropriate decoupling ansatz for the voltage of the two different cells, it appears that the motion of modulated waves is described by a dissipative complex Ginzburg–Landau equation instead of a Korteweg–de Vries equation. We also show that this amplitude wave equation admits envelope and hole solitons in the high frequency mode. From basic sources, we design a programmable electronic generator of complex signals with desired characteristics, which delivers signals exploited as input waves for all our numerical simulations. These simulations are performed in the LTspice software that uses realistic components and give the results that corroborate perfectly our analytical predictions.     

Heat flux between parallel plates through a binary gaseous mixture over the whole range of the Knudsen number

The heat flux problem for a binary gaseous mixture confined between two parallel plates with different temperatures is studied on the basis of the McCormack kinetic model equation, which was solved by the discrete velocity method. The calculations were carried out for three mixtures of noble gases: neon–argon, helium–argon and helium–xenon. The heat flux and distributions of temperature, density and concentration were calculated for several values of rarefaction in the range from 0.01 to 40 and for three values of the concentration: 0.1,0.5$0.1,0.5$ and 0.9$0.9$. The numerical data together with an analytical solution based on the temperature jump boundary condition cover the whole range of the gas rarefaction beginning from the free-molecular regime to the hydrodynamic one. It was shown that the heat flux significantly depends on the intermolecular interaction law.     

Superradiant dissipative tunneling in a double p–i–n semiconductor heterostructure with thermal injection of electrons

We propose a semiconductor device with two p–i–n junctions maintained at two different temperatures. When the current injected in the device due to this temperature difference exceeds a threshold value, a superradiant field is created in the first gate that induces an additional current in the second gate. The injection current is amplified by this reaction loop. In this way, the heat flow between the two junctions is partially transformed in superradiant power.     

Propagation of a moving point source in a stratified medium with fluid flow

Summary The problem of an acoustic field generated by a point source moving with arbitrary velocity in a stratified medium in still air has been addressed by Limet al. (Lim P. H. andOzard J. M.,J. Acoust. Soc. Am.,95 (1994) 131). The aim of this paper is to investigate the same problem in the presence of a moving fluid.     

Axial acoustic radiation force of progressive cylindrical diverging waves on a rigid and a soft cylinder immersed in an ideal compressible fluid

Background and motivation

Previous works investigating the radiation force of diverging spherical progressive waves incident upon spherical particles have demonstrated the direction of reversal of the force when the particle is subjected to a curved wave-front. In this communication, the analysis is extended to the case of diverging cylindrical progressive waves incident upon a rigid or a soft cylinder in a non-viscous fluid with explicit calculations for the radiation force function (which is the radiation force per unit energy density and unit cross-sectional surface) not shown in [F.G. Mitri, Ultrasonics 50 (2010) 620-627].

Method

A closed-form solution presented previously in [F.G. Mitri, Ultrasonics 50 (2010) 620-627] is used to plot the radiation force function with particular emphasis on the difference from the results of incident plane progressive waves versus the size parameter ka (k is the wave number and a is the cylinder’s radius) and the distance of the cylinder from the acoustic source r₀.

Results

Radiation force function calculations for the rigid cylinder unexpectedly reveal that under specific conditions determined by the frequency of the acoustic field, the radius of the cylinder, as well as the distance to the acoustic source, the force becomes attractive (negative force). In addition, the numerical results show that the radiation force on a rigid cylinder does not generally obey the inverse-distance law with respect to the distance from the source.

Conclusion and potential applications

These results suggest that it may be possible, under specific conditions, to pull a cylindrical structure back toward the acoustic source using progressive cylindrical diverging waves. They may also provide a means to predict the radiation force required to manipulate non-destructively a single cylindrical structure. Potential applications include the design of a new generation of acoustic tweezers operating using a single beam of progressive waves (in contrast to the traditional version of acoustical tweezers in which an acoustic standing wave field is produced using two counter-propagating acoustic fields) for investigations in the field of flow cytometry, particle manipulation and entrapment.     

Effect of positron density and temperature on the electron acoustic waves in a magnetized dissipative plasma

Zakharov–Kuznetsov–Burgers (ZKB) equation is derived for electron acoustic shock waves in magnetized e–p–i plasma. In the present model, magnetized plasma containing two electron population with kappa distributed positrons has been considered. The propagation characteristics of three dimensional electron acoustic (EA) shock waves have been studied under the influence of magnetic field. Our present plasma model supports the negative potential shocks. Combined action of dissipation (η), superthermality (κ), concentration of positrons (β), temperature ratio of cold electrons to positrons (σ), and magnetic field (ω_c) significantly modify the properties of EA shock waves. The width and amplitude of the shock structures are modified by various physical parameters. It is found that shock wave width decreases with increase in β, η₀, and ω_c whereas it becomes wider for κ and σ. Further, potential of the shock wave decreases as one departs away from superthermal distribution.     

Study of the Light Emitting Diode as a photoreceptor: Spectral and electrical characterization as function of temperature and lighting source

In this study, the temperature influence on the spectral responsivity of a Light Emitting Diode (LED) used as a photoreceptor, combined to light source spectrum is correlated to electrical characteristics in order to propose an alternative method to estimate LED junction temperature, regardless of the absolute illumination intensity and based on the direct correlation between the integral of the product of two optical spectra and the photo-generated currents. A laboratory test bench for experimental optical measurements has been set in order to enable any characterizing of photoelectric devices in terms of spectral behaviour, in a wavelength range placed between 400–1000?nm, and of current-voltage characteristics as function of temperature by using two different illumination sources. The temperature is analysed in a range from 5?°C up to 85?°C, so as to evaluate thermal variation effects on the sensor performance. The photo-generated current of two LEDs with different peak wavelengths has been studied. Research has observed and mathematically analysed what follows: since the photo-generated current strictly depends on the combination between the spectral response of the photoreceptor and the lighting source response, it becomes possible to estimate indirectly the junction temperature of the LEDs by considering the ratio between the photogenerated currents obtained by using two different illumination sources. Such results may for one thing increase knowledge in the fields where LEDs are used as photo-detectors for many applications and for another, they could be extended to generic photodetectors, thus providing useful information in photovoltaic field, for instance.     

结霜工况下R410A热泵空调器动态特性的数值模拟

将选用R410A工质的热泵室外换热器表面的结霜视为准稳态过程,建立了热泵系统的分布参数模型,用有限差分法对其在结霜工况下的动态特性进行了数值计算。换热器采用分相流模型,并考虑了室外换热器表面结霜引起风量下降及换热器管排布置的影响,毛细管模型中考虑了闪点延迟和壅塞流现象。计算结果表明,在霜开始形成阶段,室外换热器表面结霜有助于改善空气源热泵性能,而在结霜循环的后期,霜层厚度快速增长,热泵的制热量、性能系数等迅速下降。     

有限深密度分层流体中运动物体生成内波的一种等效质量源方法

采用一种等效移动质量源来模拟有限深密度分层流体中运动物体生成内波的体积效应和旋涡、湍流尾迹激发源,结合内波本征值问题及Fourier变换等方法,建立了计算运动物体生成内波垂向位移场的一种理论模型,提出了确定移动质量源速度、回转直径及长度的具体方法.利用该理论模型,对一类典型密度分层流体中运动球生成内波的波系与波形结构,以及波高特征等进行了数值模拟与分析,结果与Robey实验结果符合良好,表明了所建立理论模型的合理与有效性. 关键词： 分层流体 内波 等效质量源     

Gravitational Field as a Pressure Force from Logarithmic Lagrangians and Non-Standard Hamiltonians:The Case of Stellar Halo of Milky Way

Recently,the notion of non-standard Lagrangians was discussed widely in literature in an attempt to explore the inverse variational problem of nonlinear differential equations.Different forms of non-standard Lagrangians were introduced in literature and have revealed nice mathematical and physical properties.One interesting form related to the inverse variational problem is the logarithmic Lagrangian,which has a number of motivating features related to the Li′enard-type and Emden nonlinear differential equations.Such types of Lagrangians lead to nonlinear dynamics based on non-standard Hamiltonians.In this communication,we show that some new dynamical properties are obtained in stellar dynamics if standard Lagrangians are replaced by Logarithmic Lagrangians and their corresponding non-standard Hamiltonians.One interesting consequence concerns the emergence of an extra pressure term,which is related to the gravitational field suggesting that gravitation may act as a pressure in a strong gravitational field.The case of the stellar halo of the Milky Way is considered.     

Consistent Riccati expansion solvability,symmetries, and analytic solutions of a forced variable-coefficient extended Korteveg-de Vries equation in fluid dynamics of internal solitary waves

We study a forced variable-coefficient extended Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation in fluid dynamics with respect to internal solitary wave. Bäcklund transformations of the forced variable-coefficient extended KdV equation are demonstrated with the help of truncated Painlevé expansion. When the variable coefficients are time-periodic, the wave function evolves periodically over time. Symmetry calculation shows that the forced variable-coefficient extended KdV equation is invariant under the Galilean transformations and the scaling transformations. One-parameter group transformations and one-parameter subgroup invariant solutions are presented. Cnoidal wave solutions and solitary wave solutions of the forced variable-coefficient extended KdV equation are obtained by means of function expansion method. The consistent Riccati expansion (CRE) solvability of the forced variable-coefficient extended KdV equation is proved by means of CRE. Interaction phenomenon between cnoidal waves and solitary waves can be observed. Besides, the interaction waveform changes with the parameters. When the variable parameters are functions of time, the interaction waveform will be not regular and smooth.