二层密度分层流体重力流的数值模拟

从RANS方程和RNGk-ε湍流模型出发,采用流体体积法(VOF)来模拟密度分层流动,对盐水和淡水因密度差异导致的分层重力流动现象进行了数值模拟.文中报道了平底水槽重力流、狭孔交换流的数值模拟结果,分层重力流锋面运动速度的计算值与现有的半理论半经验公式一致.为了揭示地形变化对分层重力流的影响,对设有缓变潜堤的水槽内分层重力流动的形成过程进行了数值模拟,给出了重力头推进速度和局部流场的计算结果,并讨论了分层流界面、流量和锋面附近的流速分布特征.     

弯道水流数值模拟研究

采用边界拟合坐标技术,生成边界处正交的曲线网格,在曲线坐标系中进行弯道水流数值计算。借鉴现有关于弯道水流流速分布的研究成果,对曲线坐标系平面二维浅水方程作了修正,修正后的方程组能够计入弯道环流引起的横向的动量交换,即考虑了二次流对流线弯曲的复杂水力特性的影响。通过连续弯道实例计算,验证了该模型的可靠性和实用性。     

机动弹头高超声速粘性绕流数值模拟

采用空间二阶精度的交替方向隐式分解的NND格式求解完全气体假定下的非定常薄层近似NaVierStokes方程,并采用抛物化的椭圆型方程生成复杂带翼弹头的空间网格.最后给出了机动弹头在M∞=7.3,α=20°下的流场计算结果.计算结果表明本文所采用的计算网格及计算方法可以适用于高超声速复杂流场的数值模拟.     

层状两相流动的基本方程式

本文将两相流动的雷诺方程沿深度方向进行平均,出求了平均后的运动方程、连续方程和能量方程式,在适当的物理假定下,简化得到可适用于考虑固-液流动及气-液流动两种情况下的两相层状流动基本方程.     

粘弹流体轴对称流动的格子Boltzmann方法

基于BGK碰撞模型，通过在迁移方程中引入作用力项，建立了粘弹流体的轴对称格子Boltzmann模型．通过Chapman-Enskog展开，获得了准确的柱坐标下轴对称宏观流动方程．采用双分布函数对运动方程和本构方程进行迭代求解，模拟分析了粘弹流体管道流动，获得了流场中的速度和构型张量的分布，通过与解析解进行比较，验证了模型的准确性．研究了作为粘弹流体流动基准问题的收敛流动，对涡旋位置进行了定量分析，将回转长度的计算结果与有限体积法进行了比较，两种数值结果十分吻合．研究结果表明，模型能够准确表征粘弹流体的轴对称流动，具有较广阔的应用前景．     

Numerical prediction of droplet dynamics in turbulent flow,using the level set method

In the present article, the droplet dynamics in turbulent flow is numerically predicted. The modelling is based on an interfacial marker-level set (IMLS) method, coupled with the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations to predict the dynamics of turbulent two-phase flow. The governing equations for time-dependent, two-dimensional and incompressible two-phase flow are described in both phases and solved separately using a control volume approach on structured cell-centred collocated grids. The topological changes of the interface are predicted by applying the level set approach. The kinematic and dynamic conditions on the interface separating the two phases are satisfied. The numerical method proposed is validated against a well-known computational fluid dynamics problem. Further, the deformation and breakup of a single droplet either suddenly moved in air or exposed to turbulent stream are numerically investigated. In general, the developed numerical method demonstrates remarkable capability in predicting the characteristics of complex turbulent two-phase flows.     

Numerical Simulation of Single-Phase and Multiphase Non-Darcy Flow in Porous and Fractured Reservoirs

A numerical method as well as a theoretical study of non-Darcy fluid flow through porous and fractured reservoirs is described. The non-Darcy behavior is handled in a three-dimensional, multiphase flow reservoir simulator, while the model formulation incorporates the Forchheimer equation for describing single-phase or multiphase non-Darcy flow and displacement. The non-Darcy flow through a fractured reservoir is handled using a general dual-continuum approach. The numerical scheme has been verified by comparing its results against those of analytical methods. Numerical solutions are used to obtain some insight into the physics of non-Darcy flow and displacement in reservoirs. In addition, several type curves are provided for well-test analyses of non-Darcy flow to demonstrate a methodology for modeling this type of flow in porous and fractured rocks, including flow in petroleum and geothermal reservoirs.     

粗糙表面上微液滴的数值模拟

本文使用VOF方法将微液滴在粗糙壁面上的接触现象转化为不可压缩两相流动问题,并对其进行三维数值模拟.选择具有柱形突起和槽道两种微结构的壁面进行模拟.计算了不同粗糙系数时液滴在突起结构表面的静止形态和接触角,计算结果和实验数据吻合得较好.和理论模型进行比较,分析了经典模型的适用范围.对于微槽道结构的壁面,计算给出不同方向测量得到的液滴接触角.实现了液滴在倾斜壁面上滑落过程的模拟.液滴沿斜面下滑时,前进角和后退角的变化存在周期性,这一周期性变化和表面粗糙结构密切相关.     

采用NND方法计算三维喷管气流场

本文运用NND显式差分格式,计算了三维喷管气流场。气流场计算的基本方程为一般贴体坐标系下三维守恒型的欧拉方程。采用了时间分裂法和Steger-Warming矢通量分裂技术。在喷管内沿周向的每个由轴线和壁面构成的子午面上根据泊松方程生成贴体网格。本文运用三维程序计算了轴对称JPL喷管,同时与实验结果和前人采用轴对称二维程序所计算的结果做了对比。最后,本文还计算了三维矢量喷管,计算结果与现有的实验结果一致。通过轴对称JPL喷管和三维矢量喷管的计算考核,表明建立的算法和编写的计算程序是正确的。文中提出了采用子午面形式的贴体网格时奇性轴的处理方法。计算结果表明在喷管壁面处,马赫数与压强的计算结果与实验值吻合较好,而在喷管轴线处,只有当网格较密时,才能得出与实验结果接近的计算结果。     

高雷诺数流动的加罚有限元数值分析

在传统的伽辽金变分为有限元数值逼近思想的基础上，本文采用改进的加罚有限元法对粘性不可压缩紊流动进行数值计算。在高雷诺数流动时，为避免对流效应过强产生的数值计算的振荡，对标准权函数引入迎风修正项，同时采用雷诺数加载法，保证数值解的收敛性。在有限元方法离散过程中，采用有效的隐式压力－显式速度方式，以准确的速度场确保获得压力的稳定性。速度压力项选用不同阶次的插值函数。实践证明：当控制方法各对流项假扩散被     

液固两相槽道流中湍流调制的数值研究

结合雷诺应力模型 (Reynolds Stress Model, RSM) 和混合模型 (Mixture Model) 对槽道湍流向下流动中的颗粒调制湍流问题进行了研究．该模型考虑了颗粒流的动能理论和颗粒对湍流的反馈作用．着重分析了颗粒对湍流的调制作用,以及颗粒参数变量（如颗粒密度和质量载荷）对湍流调制的影响．结果表明：(1)在颗粒抑制湍流的范围内,当颗粒密度小于载流体密度时,湍流强度的改变量与颗粒密度成反比;当颗粒密度大于载流体密度时,湍流强度的改变量与颗粒密度成正比;(2)在一定范围内,颗粒抑制湍流的能力随颗粒质量载荷增加而变强．     

两相流显微PIV/PTV系统的开发

开发了一个能同时测量两相流中两相速度和细颗粒尺寸分布的显微PIV/PTV系统,其硬件系统包括大功率连续激光器、显微镜、高速摄像机;软件系统由改进的球形颗粒图像识别算法、各种图像处理算法和各种先进的PIV/PTV算法组成。其中改进的圆弧识别算法能够进行更准确地进行曲线分割而能对充满噪音并相互重叠的颗粒图像给出较好的识别结果。应用该PIV系统,可以在微秒和微米数量级上捕获细颗粒/气泡图像,并能较准确地同时得到两相速度、颗粒尺寸和浓度分布。对焚香可吸入颗粒物进行了速度和尺寸的同时测量,得到了较满意的结果。     

气液两相流泄漏扩散的数值模拟

采用Eulerian-Lagrangian方法数值模拟过热液体丙烷从喷嘴释放后射流的发展过程。其中,对丙烷蒸汽与空气的气相混合物采用欧拉法求解,利用拉格朗日法跟踪丙烷液滴的运动轨迹,并加入颗粒随机轨道模型来考虑液滴的湍流扩散效应,数值计算所得的物理参量与实验测量结果相吻合。在此基础上,本文将此数值模型和方法应用于开放空间、常温高压下储存液化气(丙烷)的容器发生小孔泄漏时,两相射流在大气中的扩散过程,计算结果符合实际情况。文中还讨论了影响两相流扩散过程的主要因素,为预测可能发生的火灾爆炸事故提供理论依据。     

气固两相混合层二维涡配对的数值研究

采用双向耦合模型中的速度耦合模型,数值模拟了气固两相混合层中涡的配对、合并过程,文中采用拟谱方法对流场进行了直接数值模拟,用Lagrange模型跟踪固粒,结果发现,在双向耦合过程中Stokes数仍然是重要的参数,但不是唯一影响流场的参数,流场的发展还与固粒的体积浓度、固粒的相对密度以及固粒大小等因素有关。固粒抑制流场的发展,阻碍涡的配对、合并,加快了涡量的扩散;小St数的固粒仍然跟随流体运动,大St数的固粒趋向于低涡量区的趋势减弱。     

Mathematical Modeling of Two-Phase Convective Flows with Fine Particles

A two-phase convective flow with convection caused by a nonuniform distribution of solid particles is considered. The use of the mathematical model proposed is illustrated by an example of a two-phase flow in a shutter sedimentation reservoir.     

Hybrid Unsteady RANS and PDF Method for Turbulent Non-Reactive and Reactive Flows

A hybrid unsteady Reynolds-averaged numerical simulation (U-RANS) and probability density function (PDF) method is developed for turbulent non-reactive and reactive flows. The resulting modeled equations are solved by a consistent hybrid finite volume and Lagrangian Monte-Carlo particle method. Both turbulent non-reactive and reactive flows in a rectangular channel containing a triangular-shaped bluff-body are simulated. One-step and two-step mechanisms for propane/air combustion are used for the reactive case. The time-averaged results are compared with both experimental data and numerical results from the literature using large eddy simulation (LES) and steady RANS. The results of the present method are in good agreement with the experimental data, and they improve the numerical results available in the literature.     

Phenomenological Meniscus Model for Two-Phase Flows in Porous Media

A new macroscale model of a two-phase flow in porous media is suggested. It takes into consideration a typical configuration of phase distribution within pores in the form of a repetitive field of mobile menisci. These phase interfaces give rise to the appearance of a new term in the momentum balance equation, which describes a vectorial field of capillary forces. To derive the model, a phenomenological approach is developed, based on introducing a special continuum called the Meniscus-continuum. Its properties, such as a unique flow velocity, an averaged viscosity, a compensation mechanism and a duplication mechanism, are derived from a microscale analysis. The closure relations to the phenomenological model are obtained from a theoretical model of stochastic meniscus stream and from numerical simulations based on network models of porous media. The obtained transport equation remains hyperbolic even if the capillary forces are dominated, in contrast to the classic model which is parabolic. For the case of one space dimension, the analytical solutions are obtained, which manifest non-classical effects as double displacement fronts or counter-current fronts.     

黏弹性流体扩展及收缩流动的格子Boltzmann模拟分析

本文应用格子Boltzmann 方法(LBM)并结合Oldroyd-B 模型,讨论了不可压缩的 Navier-Stokes 方程和平流扩散本构方程的解耦及各自求解方法,以及两类问题的边界处理格式,实现了黏弹性流体在二维1:3 扩展流道以及3:1 收缩流道中的流动的数值模拟．获得了不同雷诺数Re 和维森伯格数Wi 以及黏度vs 下流动的流线分布,计算给出了漩涡的涡心位置和大小,并分析了参数Re、Wi 和vs 对流动特点的影响．模拟结果表明本文所采用模型和边界处理方法具有良好的精度和稳定性．     

Numerical Analysis of Coupled Stokes/Darcy Flows in Industrial Filtrations

Free flow channel confined by porous walls is a feature of many of the natural and industrial settings. Viscous flows adjacent to saturated porous medium occur in cross-flow and dead-end filtrations employed primarily in pharmaceutical and chemical industries for solid–liquid or gas–solid separations. Various mathematical models have been put forward to describe the conjugate flow dynamics based on theoretical grounds and experimental evidence. Despite this fact, there still exists a wide scope for extensive research in numerical solutions of these coupled models when applied to problems with industrial relevance. The present work aims towards the numerical analysis of coupled free/porous flow dynamics in the context of industrial filtration systems. The free flow dynamics has been expressed by the Stokes equations for the creeping, laminar flow regime whereas the flow behaviour in very low permeability porous media has been represented by the conventional Darcy equation. The combined free/porous fluid dynamical behaviour has been simulated using a mixed finite element formulation based on the standard Galerkin technique. A nodal replacement technique has been developed for the direct linking of Stokes and Darcy flow regimes which alleviates specification of any additional constraint at the free/porous interface. The simulated flow and pressure fields have been found for flow domains with different geometries which represent prototypes of actual industrial filtration equipment. Results have been obtained for varying values of permeability of the porous medium for generalised Newtonian fluids obeying the power law model. A series of numerical experiments has been performed in order to validate the coupled flow model. The developed model has been examined for its flexibility in dealing with complex geometrical domains and found to be generic in delivering convergent, stable and theoretically consistent results. The validity and accuracy of the simulated results has been affirmed by comparing with available experimental data.     

非均匀介质中流动和传热问题的有限分析法

数值求解非均匀介质中的输运问题广泛应用于科学计算和工程领域．介质的强非均匀性给相关问题的准确求解带来极大的困难．近年来,本课题组将有限分析法拓展到该领域,建立了非均匀介质中输运问题的有限分析法．该算法基于网格奇点邻域内类拉普拉斯方程局部解析解构建,算法具有很高的精度,且不依赖于介质的非均匀性强度．不管相邻网格传导率差异如何,仅需对原始网格进行很少地细分就可以获得非常准确的计算结果,因此与其他传统数值算法相比,可以大幅提高计算精度和效率．该算法可广泛应用于求解非均匀多孔介质中的渗流、复合材料中的热传导及电场分布等问题．