桥联聚倍半硅氧烷的发展

桥联聚倍半硅氧烷是一类被广泛应用的有机-无机杂化材料,这种材料具有三维网状结构,该结构使其实现了有机和无机组分在分子水平上的混合,从而让它兼具有机和无机组分的双重性质,同时通过改变有机组分的类型,可以得到具有特殊性能的桥联聚倍半硅氧烷。本文从分子结构、合成方法、典型物质及典型应用方面简要介绍了桥联聚倍半硅氧烷干凝胶与气凝胶。此外,对一种具有特殊结构——有序介孔结构的桥联聚倍半硅氧烷材料从其发展历史、单体结构以及应用几个角度做了简单综述。     

无机材料的仿生合成

生物矿化重要的特征之一是细胞分泌的有机基质调制无机矿物的成核和生长, 形成具有特殊组装方式和多级结构特点的生物矿化材料(如骨、牙和贝壳)。仿生合成就是将生物矿化的机理引入无机材料合成, 以有机物的组装体为模板, 去控制无机物的形成,制备具有独特显微结构特点的无机材料, 使材料具有优异的物理和化学性能。仿生合成已成为无机材料化学的研究前沿。本文综述了无机材料仿生合成的发展现状。     

聚合物在仿生合成中的应用研究进展

仿生合成技术通过模拟生物矿化机理,以有机物为模板控制无机物的生成,制备具有特殊结构及性能的无机材料.聚合物是仿生合成中较多采用的有机模板之一,用来控制无机粒子的成核、生长及排列,能够在温和条件下合成具有多级结构、特殊形貌和优异性能的有机,无机复合材料.本文综述了聚合物在仿生合成中的应用研究进展,并指出了存在的问题及发展方向.     

多孔晶体材料的分子工程学研究

功能无机晶体材料的定向设计与合成是化学及材料科学领域中一项重要的前沿课题。本文介绍了近十几年来我们在多孔晶体材料,主要包括分子筛和金属有机骨架晶体材料的分子工程学研究方面所取得的一些进展。其中包括提出了定向设计具有特殊孔道结构和特殊计量比分子筛多孔骨架结构的计算机方法;在国际上率先建立了分子筛多孔晶体材料合成与结构数据...     

镁铝型水滑石水热合成

水滑石是一类具有特殊结构的层状无机材料 .具有可调变的组成及独特的结构和性能 ,在离子交换、吸附分离、催化、医药等领域得到广泛应用 [1～ 4 ] .特别是水滑石类材料所具有的选择性、红外吸收性和离子交换性等一些特殊性能 ,使其作为新型无机功能材料已应用于 PE农膜 (保温剂 )和 PVC(无毒热稳定剂 )等高分子材料中 ,显示了独特的性能[5] .作为无机功能材料 ,水滑石在复合材料中的应用必然涉及其粒子尺寸和分布 ,因此对水滑石晶化规律的研究非常重要 .水滑石成熟的合成方法是共沉淀法[6] ,如单滴法、双滴法 .由于沉淀粒子是渐次产生 ,…     

无机聚合物

无机聚合物是在无机化学,有机化学和聚合物化学交叉点上发展起来的,与材料科学紧密相关的化学新领域。无机聚合物的合成及其对组成、结构、性能的研究;对具有特殊功能无机聚合物材料的研究开发是当前化学科学和材料科学的重要课题。本文简要地介绍了无机聚合物的主要内容,包括定义、主要类型、重要无机聚合物及其研究过程。     

功能性POSS聚合物及其应用

多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)是一类具有纳米分子尺寸和有机-无机杂化结构的化合物。这种以无机Si—O—Si键组成的框架为核,外围被有机取代基所包围的特殊结构,具有独特的物理性质和化学反应性。采用物理或共聚的方法使其与其他聚合物复合,得到具有特殊功能的有机/无机纳米复合高分子材料,可用于诸多领域,近年来备受关注。本文在介绍POSS分子结构特点的基础上,详细阐述POSS聚合物的合成方法、特点和功能性,着重讨论了POSS在超疏水表面与抗结冰涂层、两亲聚合物、形状记忆材料中的应用及研究现状,并展望了功能性POSS聚合物的发展前景。     

层状双金属氢氧化物的制备及其应用研究

层状双金属氢氧化物是一类新型的无机功能材料,具有特殊的层状结构和优异的物理化学特性,已成为当前研究的热点。介绍了层状双金属氢氧化物的结构与性质,特别分析了层状双金属氢氧化物的制备方法及其在催化材料、吸附材料、生物医药材料、光电功能材料等方面的应用研究进展,并对其在未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

活性聚苯乙烯膜诱导碳酸钙异相成核结晶

0引言生物矿物材料(如骨、牙齿、贝壳等)的优异性能[1]使得无机材料的仿生合成(又称有机模板合成)成为近年来研究的热点之一[2]。该合成技术的优点是,通过有机物分子与无机离子的相互作用,能够在温和的条件下合成出具有多级结构、特殊形貌和优异性能的有机/无机复合材料。CaCO3     

聚磷腈功能材料研究进展

聚磷腈是一类具有特殊性能的无机高分子功能材料。本文对聚磷腈的结构、性能、制备方法、反应性及应用进行了综述，并对其发展前景作了预测。     

Nanocarbon-Based Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites

In recent years, nanocarbon materials have attracted the interest of researchers due to their excellent properties. Nanocarbon-based flame retardant polymer composites have enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties compared with traditional flame retardant composites. In this article, the unique structural features of nanocarbon-based materials and their use in flame retardant polymeric materials are initially introduced. Afterwards, the flame retardant mechanism of nanocarbon materials is described. The main discussions include material components such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerene (in preparing resins), elastomers, plastics, foams, fabrics, and film–matrix materials. Furthermore, the flame retardant properties of carbon nanomaterials and their modified products are summarized. Carbon nanomaterials not only play the role of a flame retardant in composites, but also play an important role in many aspects such as mechanical reinforcement. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for future development of carbon nanomaterials in flame-retardant polymeric materials are briefly discussed.     

碳纳米管基复合材料研究进展

碳纳米管基复合材料具有优良的性能,已在化学、化工、材料、生物、医学等领域受到广泛关注.本文主要综述了功能材料包覆碳纳米管的制备方法及其力学、磁学、光学、电化学等性质,以及当前研究的焦点和存在的问题.     

Novel hybrid materials consisting of regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene)s covalently attached to single-wall carbon nanotubes

Facile routes for the synthesis of hybrid materials consisting of regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene)s covalently attached to single-wall carbon nanotubes are presented for the first time. These materials are easily processable using common organic solvents, and at the same time combine the properties of regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene)s with those of single-wall carbon nanotubes. Moreover, studies of the properties of these materials have provided strong evidence for an electron transfer from the regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene) to the single-wall carbon nanotube.     

Advances in the synthesis of inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like nanoparticles

In analogy to graphite, nanoparticles of inorganic compounds with lamellar two-dimensional structure, such as MoS(2), are not stable against folding, and can adopt nanotubular and fullerene-like structures, nicknamed inorganic fullerenes or IF. Various applications for such nanomaterials were proposed. For instance, IF-WS(2) nanoparticles were shown to have beneficial effects as solid lubricants and as part of tribological surfaces. Further applications of IF for high-tensile-strength fibers, hydrogen storage, rechargeable batteries, catalysis, and in nanotechnology are being contemplated. This Minireview highlights some of the latest developments in the synthesis of inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like structures. Some structural aspects and properties of IF, which are distinct from the bulk materials, are briefly discussed.     

Dispersions, novel nanomaterial sensors and nanoconjugates based on carbon nanotubes

Nanomaterials are structures with dimensions characteristically much below 100 nm. The unique physical properties (e.g., conductivity, reactivity) have placed these nanomaterials in the forefront of emerging technologies. Significant enhancement of optical, mechanical, electrical, structural, and magnetic properties are commonly found through the use of novel nanomaterials. One of the most exciting classes of nanomaterials is represented by the carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes, including single-wall carbon nanotubes, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, and concentric tubes have been shown to possess superior electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties to be attractive for a wide range of potential applications They sometimes bunch to form “ropes” and show great potential for use as highly sensitive electronic (bio)sensors due to the very small diameter, directly comparable to the size of single analyte molecules and that every single carbon atom is in direct contact with the environment, allowing optimal interaction with nearby molecules. Composite materials based on integration of carbon nanotubes and some other materials to possess properties of the individual components with a synergistic effect have gained growing interest. Materials for such purposes include conducting polymers, redox mediators and metal nanoparticles. These tubes provide the necessary building blocks for electronic circuits and afford new opportunities for chip miniaturization, which can dramatically improve the scaling prospects for the semiconductor technologies and the fabrication of devices, including field-effect transistors and sensors. Carbon nanotubes are one of the ideal materials for the preparation of nanoelectronic devices and nanosensors due to the unique electrical properties, outstanding electrocatalytic properties, high chemical stability and larger specific surface area of nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are attractive material for supercapacitors due to their unique one-dimensional mesoporous structure, high specific surface area, low resistivity and good chemical stability. Nanoscaled composite materials based on carbon nanotubes have been broadly used due to their high chemical inertness, non-swelling effect, high purity and rigidity. The integration of carbon nanotubes with organics, biomaterials and metal nanoparticles has led to the development of new hybrid materials and sensors. Hybrid nanoscale materials are well established in various processes such as organic and inorganic compounds, nucleic acid detachment, protein separation, and immobilization of enzymes. Those nanostructures can be used as the building blocks for electronics and nanodevices because uniform organic and metal coatings with the small and monodisperse domain sizes are crucial to optimize nanoparticle conductivity and to detect changes in conductivity and absorption induced by analyte adsorption on these surfaces. The highly ordered assembly of zero-dimensional and one-dimensional nanoparticles is not only necessary for making functional devices, but also presents an opportunity to develop novel collective properties.     

碳纳米管及碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料研究进展

碳纳米管与碳纤维具有优异的力学、电学等性能,广泛用做复合材料增强体,但目前碳纳米管/碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的研究具有一定的局限性,只考虑了两相材料间的作用,即仅对单一相进行处理而忽略了另一相的改性。本文从碳纳米管/碳纤维协同增强环氧树脂基体复合材料的思路入手,结合自己的研究成果,综述了国内外相关研究进展。从研究结果可以看出,将三相材料之间完全有效地联系起来,发挥三者间的协同效应,复合材料的性能可以发生质的飞跃。     

碳纳米管用作超级电容器电极材料

碳纳米管由于具有化学稳定性好、比表面积大、导电性好和密度小等优点,是很有前景的超级电容器电极材料。本文介绍了碳纳米管用作超级电容器电极材料的研究现状,总结了单纯碳纳米管电极材料和碳纳米管复合物电极材料的特点与性能,并探讨了今后碳纳米管电极材料的发展方向。     

功能化碳纳米管的电磁性能研究及进展

碳纳米管是最近发展起来的一种结构独特,性能优异的新材料,已成为当今物理、化学、材料等领域共同关注的课题.而碳纳米管的功能化更是为我们开辟了一个广阔的研究领域.本文总结了近十多年来功能化碳纳米管的研究进展,并侧重对功能化碳管的合成方法及电磁特性以及应用进行了评述.     

碳纳米管的定向操作

由于呈现独特的一维结构特征、机械及电子性能,碳纳米管已引起广泛的兴趣,然而涉及到具体的应用就不可避免碳纳米管的定位、定向,这也已成为非常富有挑战性的课题。本文中笔者主要介绍碳纳米管定向操作的最新进展,重点介绍后生长的平面有序定向操作。     

不同结构碳纳米管的电磁波吸收性能研究

研究了单壁、多壁碳纳米管(聚团状、阵列状)以及未纯化与纯化后碳纳米管在2～18 GHz范围内的电磁波吸收性能. 通过测定不同结构碳纳米管粉体的介电常数以及磁导率, 得到损耗因子及衰减常数大小顺序为: 阵列状多壁碳纳米管>原生聚团状多壁碳纳米管>纯化聚团状多壁碳纳米管>原生单壁碳纳米管>纯化后单壁碳纳米管. 相比多壁碳纳米管, 单壁碳纳米管衰减常数随频率变化较小, 且具有较宽的吸收峰. 模拟计算和实验测试结果都表明, 碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料具有优良的电磁吸波性能.