A型沸石的生成机理

用化学分析和TMC-GC(三甲基硅气相色谱)法定量地研究了凝胶体系(3Na₂O·Al₂O₃·2SiO₂·185H₂O)在A型沸石结晶过程中固、液相组分SiO₂·Al₂O₃及硅酸根离子存在状态的变化;用电子显微镜研究了液相中晶核的生成,证实了A型沸石结晶过程为液相生成机理。     

沸石转晶的研究(Ⅰ)——A型沸石转晶为NaHS型沸石的生成机理

用化学分析和三甲基硅烷化-气相色谱(TMS-GC)法研究了3Na₂O·Al₂O₃·2SiO₂·60H₂O凝胶体系由介稳态A型沸石向稳定的NaHS沸石的转晶过程,并用电子显微镜,透射电镜考察了转晶过程液相中晶核的生成及晶型的变化,进一步证实了沸石的液相生成机理.     

沸石转晶的研究(Ⅲ)——NaY型沸石的稳定性及NaPc型沸石的结构

研究了原始凝胶3、3Na₂O·Al₂O₃·10SiO₂·200H₂O在100℃NaY型沸石向NaPc型沸石转晶的晶化过程,应用电子显微镜、X-射线衍射、TMS-GC和固体高分辨Si²⁹-NMR方法研究了沸石晶核的形成、晶体粒度和外貌的变化及液、固相中硅酸根离子存在状况及转晶中沸石结构的变化,并提出了转晶的液相传质机理。     

分子探针法研究邻二甲苯氧化反应助催化剂在载体表面的分布

本文用分子探针法测定SiO₂、1-Al₂O₅·SiO₂和2-Al₂O₃·SiO₂三种载体的表面结构,进一步研究、分析活性组分的分布,从而推出催化性能发生明显变化的可能原因。     

杂原子分子筛(ⅩⅤ)-含镓ZSM-5型沸石的合成、结构及其性能的研究

以水玻璃、三氯化镓、1,6-己二胺和水为原料,合成了SiO₂/Ga₂O₃为60-38间的含镓ZSM-5型沸石.X-射线谱图表明含镓ZSM-5型沸石与硅铝ZSM-5型沸石相似,电子探针的分析结果表明镓原子进入了沸石骨架。     

七水三氯化铈-碘化钠/二氧化硅-壳聚糖催化剂的制备及其在脱保护反应中的应用

分别以Y沸石、活性碳和二氧化硅-壳聚糖(SiO₂-CS)为载体、利用浸渍法制备了一系列负载型七水三氯化铈-碘化钠(CeCl₃·7H₂O-NaI)催化剂,考察了它们在叔丁基苯基醚的脱保护反应中的催化性能。 结果表明,SiO₂-CS为载体的催化剂呈现出良好的催化性能和较高的稳定性。 另外,在中性条件下,SiO₂-CS负载CeCl₃·7H₂O-NaI催化剂在叔丁基醚及1,3-二硫缩醛脱保护反应中呈现出较高的催化活性,从而避免使用强酸和强碱。     

负载型铂催化剂中的载体效应

本文用程序升温热脱附法和氢氧滴定法研究了SiO₂、SiO₂·Al₂O₃、Al₂O₃、SiO₂·SnO₂和Al₂O₃·SnO₂等和Pt的相互作用,表明Pt和载体作用强弱的顺序为:Al₂O₃>SiO₂·Al₂O₃>SiO₂;发现SnO₂具有强化SiO₂和Al₂O₃载体效应的作用;提出Pt和载体相互作用较强部位可能是Pt和缺氧氧化物所形成的表面络合物--Pt-[Al₂O_x]和Pt-[SnO_x]。     

微量Al对杂原子ZSM-5型沸石晶化的影响

在HMDA-Na₂O-MO_x/2-SiO₂-H₂O体系中(HMDA=1,6-己二胺,M=V(Ⅲ),V(Ⅳ),Fe(Ⅲ)和Ga),通过加Al对照实验、液相电子衍射结构分析、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表面组成分析和晶化动力学计算等方法,考察了微量Al对杂原子ZSM-5型沸石形成与晶体生长的影响。结果表明,微量Al对这类沸石的形成起"助成核作用刀,从而加速其晶体生长。     

钇(Ⅲ)、铽(Ⅲ)、铒(Ⅲ)对氨基苯甲酸配合物共掺杂二氧化硅的光声光谱研究

合成了Tb(p-ABA)₃·H₂O和Ln(p-ABA)₃·H₂O(p-ABA: 对氨基苯甲酸, Ln: Y或Er)配合物共掺杂的SiO₂样品. 荧光光谱测定结果表明, Y(p-ABA)₃·H₂O的引入增强了样品中Tb³⁺离子的特征发光, 而Er(p-ABA)₃·H₂O的引入使Tb³⁺的发光减弱. 光声光谱结果表明, 与Tb³⁺配合物单掺的样品相比, Tb³⁺和Y³⁺配合物共掺样品的光声强度降低; 而Tb³⁺和Er³⁺配合物共掺的样品则情况相反. 实验测定了共掺杂样品的相对量子发光效率和发光寿命, 从无辐射跃迁和辐射跃迁的角度提出共发光效应可能的机制. 结合对室温下陈化干燥样品的分析发现, 只有经适当的热处理过程才能在SiO₂凝胶中形成具有多核结构的稀土配合物.     

三元体系MgCl2-CO(NH2)2-H2O在25℃时的等温溶度与新相研究

测定了25℃时三元体系MgCl₂-CO(NH₂)₂-H₂O的等温溶度及饱和溶液的折光率和密度,且绘制成溶度图和性质-组成图.在三元体系内形成2个三元化合物新相:MgCl₂·CO(NH₂)₂·4H₂O(记作A)和Mgcl₂·4CO(NH₂)₂·2H₂O(记作B),B为新化合物.三元体系的溶度图由4支单饱和线[对应单饱和固相为MgCl₂·6H₂O、三元化合物A和B、CO(NH₂)₂]组成,这4支单饱和线两两交于3个三元无变点[对应双饱和固相为MgCl₂·6H₂O+A、A+B、B+CO(NH₂)₂].     

沸石分子筛的生成机理与晶体生长(Ⅻ)——ZSM-5沸石生成过程中液相硅酸根离子聚合态的研究

自从1964年Lentz等人提出三甲基硅烷化(TMS)方法研究硅酸盐结构后,人们意识到这种方法能够较真按着地反映硅酸盐结构及聚合状态。又由于硅烷化所得的衍生物(硅酯)易溶于有机溶剂,可以采用多种方法进行分析鉴定。本文应用TMS-GLC及TMSGPC二种方法研究了ZSM-5沸石生成过程中液相硅酸根离子聚合状态的变化。     

STUDIES OK TRANSFORMATION FOR ZEOLITE CRYSTAL(Ⅲ)——THE STABILITY OF ZEOLITE NaY AND THE STRUCTURE OF ZEOLITE NaPc

We investigated the crystallization of NaY and especially the transformation for NaY to NaPc type zeolite from an initial gel of the batch composition 3.3Na2O Al2O3 10SiO2 200H2O at 100℃and the changes of zeolite structures in the process of the transformation crystal using the modern techniques,A more detailed liquid phase transportation mechanism of the transformation was suggested.     

沸石分子筛的生成机理与晶体生长(Ⅺ)——T型沸石的晶体生长

本文提出描述圆柱形T型沸石的晶体生长动力学模型,与实验结果吻合良好。     

Study on K+/H+ Exchange for K2O·4TiO2

Potassium tetratitanate (K₂O·4TiO₂) is an artificial mineral whisker with the diameter of 0.5-1 μm and the length 5-20 μm. The interlayered potassium ion exchange reaction for the K₂O·4TiO₂ whisker results in the appearance of many new nonstoichiometric metal titanate whiskers M₂O·nTiO₂ (M are K, H, Na, Cs, Ba, Ru, Co or Pb, etc.). Through the K⁺-H₃O⁺ exchange in solutions,TiO₂ and K₂O·6TiO₂ whiskers were synthesized. Generally, the target product quality and yield are greatly affected by the ion exchange conditions. The optimal synthetic conditions are difficult to obtain. In this paper, a new method was proposed to control the ion-exchange process by applying the ion-exchange reaction thermodynamics and combining with monitoring the multi-ions concentrations with ISE. Ion-exchange thermodynamic model for potassium tetratitanate whisker (K₂O·4TiO₂) was established, and model parameters were calculated through the existent experimental equilibrium data. Ion selective electrode achieved the on-line monitor for K⁺/H⁺ exchange and the equilibrium point was judged. The calculation for the accurate ion concentration was done through the Pitzer equation. Based on the proposed method, the ion-exchange process was controlled and the optimal synthesis conditions could be obtained.     

Preparation and Characterization of SiO2-coated 2,4-H exa diyn- 1,6-bis（ ethylurea ） Mic rocapsules

A novel kind of time-temperature indicator, SiO2-coated 2,4-hexadiyn-1,6-bis（ethylurea） microcapsules, has been fabricated by coating SiO2 on 2,4-hexadiyn-1,6-bis（ethylurea）. This kind of microcapsules is a model hydrophilic indicator, its stability is improved. And temperature-induced color change is irreversible even under varying irradiation. The influences of ammonia, tetraethyl orthosilicate（TEOS） and temperature on the product have been investigated. 2,4-Hexadiyn-1,6-bis（ethylurea） and the coated particles have been characterized by means of elemental analysis, mass spectrum, FTIR and Raman spectra and DSC, SEM, TEM and DLS analyses. The results indicate that 2,4-hexadiyn-1,6-bis（ethylurea）/SiO2 ratios, ammonia concentration and temperature could modulate the monodis- persity and size of the microcapsules. The experiments indicate that when the molar ratio of 2,4-hexadiyn- 1,6-bis（ethylurea）/SiO2/ammonia is 1：3：3.5 and temperature is 40℃ , the obtained microcapsules are well coated with the best monodispersity. Such sustained-release and hydrophilic microcapsules have very good prospects as a novel time-temoerature chromatic indicator.     

纳米氧化锆沉积硅胶色谱固定相的制备及亲水作用色谱行为

采用液相沉积法(LPD)制备了纳米氧化锆沉积硅胶色谱固定相(ZrO₂/SiO₂), 并将其应用于亲水作用色谱分离中. 考察并比较了ZrO₂/SiO₂、 硅胶(SiO₂)和氧化锆(ZrO₂) 3种色谱固定相在不同有机调节剂比例、 不同pH值及不同盐浓度的流动相条件下的色谱行为. 结果表明, 制备的ZrO₂/SiO₂色谱柱不仅具有SiO₂色谱柱高柱效的优点, 表面沉积的纳米氧化锆还能有效屏蔽硅羟基, 有利于碱性物质的保留和分离, 表现出良好的亲水作用色谱性能. 将ZrO₂/SiO₂色谱柱用于4种脱氧核苷和5种碱性化合物的分离, 均得到了较好的效果, 展现出其作为色谱固定相良好的应用前景.     

Fabrication of high performance thin films from metal fluorocomplex aqueous solution by the liquid phase deposition

The hetro-structured oxide thin films from metal fluorocomplex solution have been prepared by the liquid phase deposition (LPD) method. The Pt/Nb₂O₅ and Au/Nb₂O₅ composite films can be prepared from a mixed solution of niobium source, H₃BO₃, Pt(NH₃)₄Cl₂ and HAuCl₄ aqueous solutions under the ambient temperature and atmosphere. In the case of Au/SiO₂ composite film, (NH₄)₂SiF₆ solution is used as a mother solution. The Pt and Au ionic species are deposited in Nb₂O₅ and SiO₂ matrices. They are reduced to their metallic state after treatment above 200 °C. The size of dispersed particles can be controlled by heat treatment temperature. It is also clear that, gold nanoparticles are also found to interact with SiO₂, although the interaction is smaller than that with Nb₂O₅ showing the size of Au nanoparticles remain smaller in Nb₂O₅ that in SiO₂.