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1.
采用计算流体动力学的方法, 研究了微通道内气体在速度滑移和随机表面粗糙度耦合作用下的流动特性. 其中, 利用二阶速度滑移边界条件描述气体的边界滑移, 利用分形几何学建立随机粗糙表面. 研究发现, 综合考虑二阶速度滑移边界条件和随机表面粗糙度在较大的平均Knudsen数范围内 (0.025-0.59) 得到的计算结果与实验数据符合得很好, 而一阶速度滑移边界条件只在平均Knudsen数较小时(<0.1)符合实验结果. 随机表面粗糙度对气体在边界处的滑移有显著影响, 相对粗糙度越大, 速度滑移系数越小. 并针对计算结果, 给出了滑移系数与相对粗糙度近似满足的关系. 随机粗糙表面对气体流动过程中的压强、速度、Poiseuille数也有显著影响.
关键词:
随机表面粗糙度
二阶速度滑移边界条件
分形
微通道 相似文献
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水平变化环境下声场简正波解的计算精度和效率取决于本地简正波的计算方法。提出一种完备的一阶微扰理论方法,并引入迭代算法,获得了本地简正波水平波数和本征函数的精确表达式。数值结果表明,改进后的微扰简正波方法得到的简正波水平波数和本征函数精度比前人方法更高,与KRAKENC计算结果吻合较好,而计算速度比KRAKENC快100倍。同时将微扰简正波方法与耦合简正波理论结合,应用到海水声速水平变化剧烈的孤立子内波群环境。数值结果表明,该方法计算得到的传播损失与COUPLE07在单次散射近似下的计算结果吻合较好,计算速度比COUPLE07快25倍,并将该方法在声场计算中的适用频率提高到了3 kHz。 相似文献
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锂离子电池的精确建模和状态估计对于电动汽车电池管理系统非常重要,准二维(P2D)电化学模型由于计算复杂,难以直接应用于电池管理的参数在线估计和实时控制中.本文基于多孔电极理论和浓度理论,提出一种考虑锂离子液相动力学的简化准二维(SP2D)模型.忽略锂离子孔壁流量沿电极厚度方向的变化求解SP2D模型所描述的锂离子电池锂浓度分布,基于锂离子电池电化学平均动力学行为求解固相和液相电势变化,推导出电池电压计算的简化表达式;采用恒流、脉冲以及城市循环工况放电电流对比分析了严格P2D模型与SP2D模型的终端电压和浓度分布.结果表明:SP2D模型在保持较高计算精度的同时,可显著提高计算效率. 相似文献
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受接收子阵长度的影响,单纯依靠重叠相位中心的合成孔径声呐(Synthetic Aperture Sonar,SAS)基阵速度估计方法的精度较低。为此,提出一种利用多子阵空间互相关矩阵的方法以提高速度估计精度。通过SAS多子阵回波数据构造空间互相关矩阵(Spatial Mutual Correlation Matrix,SMCM),利用Radon变换和SMCM系数分布精确估计重叠相位中心对直线(Line of Displaced Phase Center Pairs,LDPCP)参数,并利用重叠相位中心对速度关系式估计SAS基阵速度。对高低频SAS试验数据应用的结果表明:该方法可有效地消除接收子阵长度的影响,将基阵速度估计的精度提高3~5倍,满足高频和低频SAS系统成像的要求。 相似文献
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范磊姚盼奥培霆王惠刚 《声学学报》2023,(4):811-819
针对内孤立波特征参数估计问题,研究了一种基于简正波耦合的内孤立波特征长度估计方法,完成了密度分层流体介质内波水槽实验验证。根据各阶简正波之间的能量耦合规律,提出了简正波水平波数差与内孤立波特征长度的数学关系。结合抛物方程建立了浅海内孤立波场仿真模型,分析了内孤立波声散射特性对声场前向传播的影响,数值结果表明,在某个特定频率上声传播损失有显著起伏。比较分析该声源频率激发的简正波耦合波数差与原设定值,推导了最优估计关系式。搭建了内孤立波水槽的缩比实验系统,通过研制的宽带瞬态等离子体声源和特定水听器阵列完成了内孤立波的前向声散射数据收集,比较了水槽实验条件下得到的估计值与设定值,实验结果验证了估计方法的可行性。 相似文献
6.
考虑到在角频率的最低阶近似IBM和IBFM的推转计算给出转动惯量的很好的估计,因此本文推广这一方法,研究转动惯量对高阶项的依赖关系.我们发现能够推导出修正项的解析表达式.我们对~(154)Gd和~(161)Er进行了数值计算并与实验资料作了对比,哈密顿量是从一种微观方案获得的.结果表明高阶项的性质与转动体系的形变有关,但在小ω情况下高阶项的影响甚小. 相似文献
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Santo V. Salinas S.C. Liew 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2007,105(3):414-424
Visible and near-IR images of the ocean surface, taken from remote satellites, often contain important information of near-surface or sub-surface processes, which occur on, or over the ocean. Remote measurements of near surface winds, sea surface temperature and salinity, ocean color and underwater bathymetry, all, one way or another, depend on how well we understand sea surface roughness. However, in order to extract useful information from our remote measurements, we need to construct accurate models of the transfer of solar radiation inside the atmosphere as well as, its reflection from the sea surface. To approach this problem, we numerically solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE) by implementing a model for the atmosphere-ocean system. A one-dimensional atmospheric radiation model is solved via the widely known doubling and adding method and the ocean body is treated as a boundary condition to the problem. The ocean surface is modeled as a rough liquid surface which includes wind interaction and wave states, such as wave age. The model can have possible applications to the retrieval of wind and wave states, such as wave age, near a Sun glint region. 相似文献
12.
北极海面冰层复杂多变,其对声波的反射和散射严重影响冰下水声信道的传输特性,建立海面冰层的声波反射和散射模型对冰下水声通信研究具有重要意义.假设海面冰层为多层固体弹性介质且冰-水界面粗糙,满足微扰边界条件,导出声波从海水介质入射到海面冰层时相干反射系数满足的线性方程组.对相干反射系数随声波频率、掠射角、冰层厚度的变化进行数值分析.进一步引入根据散射声场功率谱密度计算散射系数的方法,改变掠射角,对冰层厚度、散射掠角对散射系数的影响进行研究. 相似文献
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海表盐度是描述海洋的一个重要参量,海表盐度的微波探测是海洋遥感研究的重要内容.利用黄海实测盐度数据和海表亮温资料,建立了一个适用于黄海近岸的盐度反演模式.在没有海浪破碎情况下,利用L波段的亮温资料反演海洋表层盐度.本模式充分考虑了海面粗糙度的影响,从海水亮温和海水的介电常数反演的表层盐度和实测的表层海水盐度基本一致,其平均绝对误差为0.288psu,与同类模式相比具有较高的精度.
关键词:
盐度
亮温
辐射率
介电常数 相似文献
15.
海面飞沫水滴改变着海气动量通量的分布, 从而在相当程度上影响着海面拖曳系数. 为了能够精确估计海面飞沫水滴对海面拖曳系数的影响, 推导出新的依赖于风速和海浪状态的海洋飞沫生成函数, 将该飞沫生成函数用在改进的飞沫动量通量计算公式中进行飞沫动量通量的计算, 发现本文提出的飞沫动量通量计算公式对海浪状态具有较强的敏感性, 能够清晰地表达海浪状态对飞沫动量通量的影响. 海面总动量通量包含飞沫动量通量和海气界面动量通量, 基于此理论, 得到高风速下受飞沫水滴影响的海面拖曳系数关系式, 从关系式的理论值可知, 在高风速下, 海面拖曳系数开始衰减, 说明高风速下海面飞沫水滴能够抑制拖曳系数值的增加. 将理论结果与实验室和外海测量值进行对比, 发现海面拖曳系数的理论值变化范围覆盖了测量值, 同时将该海面拖曳系数代入海浪模式进行台风浪模拟, 发现海浪模式能够较好地模拟出有效波高, 说明本文提出的新的海面拖曳系数公式能够合理地用在高风速条件下. 相似文献
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针对THz频段微电真空器件波导壁面材料电导率及加工粗糙度引发损耗的模拟需求,研制了有限电导率模块,并将其添加进三维全电磁粒子模拟大规模并行程序NEPTUNE3D。介绍了有限电导率的时域有限差分显格式及时谐场近似解方法,针对上述方法的优缺点,提出了基于扩散方程隐格式的有限电导率模块算法,该算法具备无条件稳定、普适性好的优点。利用矩波导常见电磁波模传输损耗算例,测试了自编的有限电导率模块,测试结果与理论值及同类商业电磁软件计算结果进行了比对,验证了模块的可靠性。利用添加有限电导率的三维全电磁粒子模拟程序NEPTUNE3D,模拟了材料电导率以及表面粗糙度对0.22 THz折叠波导行波管性能的影响,模拟结果表明,材料电导率及表面粗糙度会显著降低器件输出功率和增益水平。综合色散关系、耦合阻抗、衰减常数等因素,给出了器件结构参数设计建议,并指出:通过增加电子束流、注入信号功率以及慢波结构周期数目等方式可一定程度上提高器件输出功率水平。 相似文献
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《Waves in Random and Complex Media》2013,23(3):469-484
For a vertically polarized line source, in the context of HF (3–30?MHz) ground wave propagation over a curved rough sea surface in the presence of islands, this paper adapts the FB-SA (Forward–Backward Spectral Acceleration) method to compute the attenuation function over sea–land (island)–sea mixed paths for different shapes and heights of the islands. The rigorous FB-SA numerical method is based on the method of moments and was originally developed for scattering from rough surfaces and is especially efficient in solving a huge problem, which is required to predict the ground wave propagation over a long surface. In addition, for zero island height, this method is compared with an analytical approach expressed from a (residue) series, in which the roots of a differential equation, depending on the Airy function, must be calculated. In addition, from an intuitive approach and from the work of Barrick and Ishimaru, this analytical approach is extended to include the sea roughness and then validated from the FB-SA. 相似文献
18.
V. V. Bakhanov É. M. Zuikova O. N. Kemarskaya V. I. Titov 《Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics》2006,49(1):47-57
An optical model of sea-surface imaging based on a two-scale presentation of sea roughness is developed. Using this model,
an exact expression for the sea-surface image spectrum in diffuse sky light is obtained, which made it possible to estimate
the nonlinear contribution of waves of different scales to the image spectrum. In particular, it is shown that the image spectrum
is proportional to the wave tilt spectrum and the coefficient before the tilt spectrum is determined by the modulation of
the short-wave contrast by long waves. Accuracy of determination of spectral contrasts of waves in surface-roughness anomalies
(film slicks, internal-wave field, etc.) and accuracy of measurement of two-dimensional wave spectra from the sea-surface
image spectrum are estimated. Examples of sea-roughness variability in the internal-wave field and examples of two-dimensional
sea-roughness spectra are presented. All data were obtained by the optical method under full-scale conditions.
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Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 53–63, January 2006. 相似文献
19.
Zhang Yandong Wu Zhensen 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2004,25(6):1013-1022
The scattering of optical wave from two dimensional rough sea surfaces is studied first with method of facets. The sea surface is divided into many facets, and each facet is treated as a surface with small roughness instead of a smooth plane, therefore more practical and effective. In addition the shadowing function of sea surfaces for arbitrary incident and scattering angles is numerically calculated with the Z-BUFFER method, which applies to any kinks of rough surfaces compared with the methods available. Finally the spectral irradiance of the sun and the spectral radiance of the sky for different time at sea level with fine weather are obtained with the software of Lowtran7, and the scattering of the radiation of the sun and the sky from two dimensional rough sea surfaces for different time, waveband and wind speed is studied, which is of great reference value for reducing the interference to the infrared detector due to the scattering of the radiation of the sun and the sky from sea surfaces. 相似文献
20.
C. Ern W. Donner A. Rühm H. Dosch B.P. Toperverg R.L. Johnson 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1997,64(4):383-390
3 Au(001) surface using Synchrotron radiation and show that the intensity distribution along the specular rod exhibits the same
features as in the case of liquid metals which has been discussed in recent literature. The results are discussed within the
framework of the distorted wave Born approximation which allows a straightforward easy-to-apply scheme to analyze such reflectivity
data in the entire -range including the total external reflection regime. The data analysis gives a direct evidence for an oscillating average
density profile which is analoguous to the socalled surface layering at liquid surfaces. The experimental values for the thermal
roughness indicate that surface roughness is suppressed in the ordered phase and allowed to softly grow with temperature above
the bulk order-disorder phase transition. The presented experimental and theoretical study of X-ray reflectivity from binary
alloys demonstrates the potential of this technique for the study of surface roughening, surface layering and surface segregation
phenomena at solid and liquid surfaces.
Received: 14 August 1996/Accepted: 7 October
1996 相似文献