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1.
The radical polymerization behavior of ethyl ortho-formyl-phenyl fumarate (EFPF) using dimethyl 2,2′-azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) as initiator was studied in benzene kinetically and ESR spectroscopically. The polymerization rate (Rp) at 60°C was given by Rp = k[MAIB]0.76[EFPF]0.56. The number-average molecular weight of poly(EFPF) was in the range of 1600–2900. EFPF was also easily photopolymerized at room temperature without any photosensitizer probably because of the photosensitivity of the formyl group of monomer. Analysis of 1H? and 13C-NMR spectra of the resulting polymer revealed that the radical polymerization of EFPF proceeds in a complicated manner involving vinyl addition and intramolecular hydrogen-abstraction. The polymerization system was found to involve ESR-observable poly(EFPF) radicals under the actual polymerization conditions. ESR-determined rate constant (2.4–4.0 L/mol s) of propagation at 60°C increased with decreasing monomer concentration, which is mainly responsible for the observed low de-pendency of Rp on the EFPF concentration. Copolymerizations of EFPF with some vinyl monomers were also examined. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

2.
Vinyl thiocyanatoacetate (VTCA) was synthesized, and its radical polymerization behavior was studied in acetone with dimethyl 2,2′‐azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) as an initiator. The initial polymerization rate (Rp) at 60 °C was expressed by Rp = k[MAIB]0.6±0.1 [VTCA]1.0±0.1 where k is a rate constant. The overall activation energy of the polymerization was 112 kJ/mol. The number‐average molecular weights of the resulting poly (VTCA)s (1.4–1.6 × 104) were almost independent of the concentrations of the initiator and monomer, indicating chain transfer to the monomer. The chain‐transfer constant to the monomer was estimated to be 9.6 × 10?3 at 60 °C. According to the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of poly (VTCA), the radical polymerization of VTCA proceeded through normal vinyl addition and intramolecular transfer of the cyano group. The cyano group transfer became progressively more important with decreasing monomer concentration. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 573–582, 2002; DOI 10.1002/pola.10137  相似文献   

3.
The homogeneous polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) as betaine monomer with potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS) was kinetically investigated in water by means of FT-near IR spectroscopy. The overall activation energy of the polymerization was estimated to be 12.8 kcal/mol. The initial polymerization rate (Rp) at 40 °C was given by Rp = k[KPS]0.98[MPC]1.9. The presence of alkaline metal halides accelerated the polymerization. The larger the radius of metal cation or halide ion was, the larger the accelerating effect was. The accelerating salt effect was explained by interactions of salt ions with ionic moieties of the propagating polymer radical and/or the MPC monomer. A kinetic study was also performed on the polymerization of MPC with KPS in water in the presence of NaCl of 2.5 mol/l. Rp at 40 °C was expressed by Rp = k[KPS]0.6[MPC]1.6. A very low value of 4.7 kcal/mol was obtained as the overall activation energy of the polymerization.  相似文献   

4.
The homogeneous polymerization of 3-(N-2-methacryloyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl)ammonatopropanesulfonate (MDAPS) with potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS) was kinetically in situ investigated in water by means of FT-near IR spectroscopy. The overall activation energy of the polymerization was calculated to be 16.0 kcal/mol. The initial polymerization rate (Rp) at 40 °C was expressed by Rp=k[KPS]0.65[MDAPS]1.0. The presence of alkaline metal salts was observed to accelerate the polymerization. The order of acceleration at 40 °C was CsCl > KCl > NaCl > LiCl when the chloride salts were used. NaCl showed higher acceleration effect than NaF. NaBr and NaI exhibited retardation and inhibition effect, respectively, because of reduction of KPS and its primary radical with bromide and iodide ions. The polymerization of MDAPS with KPS in water in the presence of NaCl at 2.0 mol/l gave Rp=k[KPS]0.70[MDAPS]1.4 at 40 °C. The overall activation energy of the polymerization in the presence of NaCl was estimated to be 11.6 kcal/mol being considerably lower value compared with that in its absence. The syndiotacticity of poly(MDAPS) tended to increase with rising temperature and decrease in the presence of NaCl.  相似文献   

5.
The polymerization of N‐methyl‐α‐fluoroacrylamide (NMFAm) initiated with dimethyl 2,2′‐azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) in benzene was studied kinetically and with electron spin resonance. The polymerization proceeded heterogeneously with the highly efficient formation of long‐lived poly(NMFAm) radicals. The overall activation energy of the polymerization was 111 kJ/mol. The polymerization rate (Rp) at 50 °C is given by Rp = k[MAIB]0.75±0.05 [NMFAm]0.44±0.05. The concentration of the long‐lived polymer radical increased linearly with time. The formation rate (Rp?) of the long‐lived polymer radical at 50 °C is expressed by Rp? = k[MAIB]1.0±0.1 [NMFAm]0±0.1. The overall activation energy of the long‐lived radical formation was 128 kJ/mol, which agreed with the energy of initiation (129 kJ/mol), which was separately estimated. A comparison of Rp? with the initiation rate led to the conclusion that 1‐methoxycarbonyl‐1‐methylethyl radicals (primary radicals from MAIB), escaping from the solvent cage, were quantitatively converted into the long‐lived poly(NMFAm) radicals. Thus, this polymerization involves completely unimolecular termination due to polymer radical occlusion. 1H NMR‐determined tacticities of resulting poly(NMFAm) were estimated to be rr = 0.34, mr = 0.48, and mm = 0.18. The copolymerization of NMFAm(M1) and St(M2) with MAIB at 50 °C in benzene gave monomer reactivity ratios of r1 = 0.61 and r2 = 1.79. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2196–2205, 2001  相似文献   

6.
The polymerization of di-n-butyl itaconate (DBI) intiated with AIBN was kinetically investigated in benezene. The polymerization rate (Rp) was expressed by: Rp = k[AIBN]0.5[DBI]1.7. The polymerization showed a considerably low overall activation energy of 15.3 kcal/mol. The initiator efficiency of AIBN in this system decreased with increasing DBI concentration, ranging from 0.34 to 0.55°C, which is ascribable to viscosity effect due to the monomer. From an ESR study, the polymerization system was found to involve two kinds of persistent radicals, namely, primary propagating ( III ) and propagating ( I ) radicals. The relative concentration of III to I increased with decreasing monomer concentration. Azo-nitrile initiators such as AVN and ACN similarly produced two persistent radicals, while MAIB, DBPO, and PBO yielded only propagating radical I as persistent. The MAIB-initiated polymerization of DBI was also performed in benzene. Similar kinetic features were observed, that is, a higher dependence of Rp on the DBI concentration and a low overall activation energy (14.4 kcal/mol). The following rate equation was obtained at 50°C:Rp = k[MAIB]0.5[DBI]1.6. The initiator efficiency of MAIB decreased with increasing DBI concentration, ranging from 0.32 to 0.53 at 50°C. The concentration of propagating radical I was determined by ESR at 50 and 61°C, from which kp and kt were estimated. The kp value increased with increasing monomer concentration, while the kt one decreased with the DBI concentration. These values are much lower compared with those of MMA.  相似文献   

7.
The effect of fullerene (C60) on the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in benzene was studied kinetically and by means of ESR, where dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (MAIB) was used as initiator. The polymerization rate (Rp) and the molecular weight of resulting poly(MMA) decreased with increasing C60 concentration ((0–2.11) × 10−4 mol/L). The molecular weight of polymer tended to increase with time at higher C60 concentrations. Rp at 50°C in the presence of C60 (7.0 × 10−5 mol/L) was expressed by Rp = k[MAIB]0.5[MMA]1.25. The overall activation energy of polymerization at 7.0 × 10−5 mol/L of C60 concentration was calculated to be 23.2 kcal/mol. Persistent fullerene radicals were observed by ESR in the polymerization system. The concentration of fullerene radicals was found to increase linearly with time and then be saturated. The rate of fullerene radical formation increased with MAIB concentration. Thermal polymerization of styrene (St) in the presence of resulting poly(MMA) seemed to yield a starlike copolymer carrying poly(MMA) and poly(St) arms. The results (r1 = 0.53, r2 = 0.56) of copolymerization of MMA and St with MAIB at 60°C in the presence of C60 (7.15 × 10−5 mol/L) were similar to those (r1 = 0.46, r2 = 0.52) in the absence of C60. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2905–2912, 1998  相似文献   

8.
Polymerization of N‐(1‐phenylethylaminocarbonyl)methacrylamide (PEACMA) with dimethyl 2,2′‐azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) was kinetically studied in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The overall activation energy of the polymerization was estimated to be 84 kJ/mol. The initial polymerization rate (Rp) is given by Rp = k[MAIB]0.6[PEACMA]0.9 at 60 °C, being similar to that of the conventional radical polymerization. The polymerization system involved electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopically observable propagating poly(PEACMA) radical under the actual polymerization conditions. ESR‐determined rate constants of propagation and termination were 140 L/mol s and 3.4 × 104 L/mol s at 60 °C, respectively. The addition of LiCl accelerated the polymerization in N,N‐dimethylformamide but did not in DMSO. The copolymerization of PEACMA(M1) and styrene(M2) with MAIB in DMSO at 60 °C gave the following copolymerization parameters; r1 = 0.20, r2 = 0.51, Q1 = 0.59, and e1 = +0.70. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2013–2020, 2005  相似文献   

9.
The polymerization of o-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl ethyl fumarate (DOPEF) initiated with dimethyl 2,2′-azobisiso-butyrate (MAIB) was studied kinetically in benzene. The polymerization rate (Rp) at 60°C was given by Rp = k [MAIB]0.76 [DOPEF]0.71. The overall activation energy of polymerization was calculated to be 98.3 kJ/mol. The number-average molecular weight of resulting poly(DOPEF) was in the range of 1000–3100. 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of resulting polymers revealed that the radical polymerization of DOPEF proceeds in a complicated manner involving vinyl addition, intramolecular hydrogen abstraction, and further ring opening of the cyclic acetal at higher temperatures. From the copolymerization of DOPEF (M1) and styrene (St) (M2) at 60°C, the monomer reactivity ratios were obtained to be r1 = 0.02 and r2 = 0.20, the values of which are similar to those of the copolymerization of ethyl o-formylphenyl fumarate and St. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 563–572, 1998  相似文献   

10.
The polymerizations of α‐ethyl β‐N‐(α′‐methylbenzyl)itaconamates carrying (RS)‐ and (S)‐α‐methylbenzylaminocarbonyl groups (RS‐EMBI and S‐EMBI) with dimethyl 2,2′‐azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) were studied in methanol (MeOH) and in benzene kinetically and with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The initial polymerization rate (Rp) at 60 °C was given by Rp = k[MAIB]0.58 ± 0.05[RS‐EMBI]2.4 ± 0.l and Rp = k[MAIB]0.61 ± 0.05[S‐EMBI]2.3 ± 0.l in MeOH and Rp = k[MAIB]0.54 ± 0.05[RS‐EMBI]1.7 ± 0.l in benzene. The rate constants of initiation (kdf), propagation (kp), and termination (kt) as elementary reactions were estimated by ESR, where kd is the rate constant of MAIB decomposition and f is the initiator efficiency. The kp values of RS‐EMBI (0.50–1.27 L/mol s) and S‐EMBI (0.42–1.32 L/mol s) in MeOH increased with increasing monomer concentrations, whereas the kt values (0.20?7.78 × 105 L/mol s for RS‐EMBI and 0.18?6.27 × 105 L/mol s for S‐EMBI) decreased with increasing monomer concentrations. Such relations of Rp with kp and kt were responsible for the unusually high dependence of Rp on the monomer concentration. The activation energies of the elementary reactions were also determined from the values of kdf, kp, and kt at different temperatures. Rp and kp of RS‐EMBI and S‐EMBI in benzene were considerably higher than those in MeOH. Rp of RS‐EMBI was somewhat higher than that of S‐EMBI in both MeOH and benzene. Such effects of the kinds of solvents and monomers on Rp were explicable in terms of the different monomer associations, as analyzed by 1H NMR. The copolymerization of RS‐EMBI with styrene was examined at 60 °C in benzene. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1819–1830, 2003  相似文献   

11.
The effect of LiClO4 on the polymerization of di-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl itaconate (DMEI) with dimethyl 2,2′-azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) was investigated in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) kinetically and by ESR. The polymerization rate (Rp) at 50°C, where the concentrations of DMEI and MAIB were 1.00 and 5.00 × 10−2 mol/L, increased with increasing [LiClO4]. Marked acceleration was observed at higher [LiClO4]s than 1.0 mol/L. The molecular weight of resulting polymer (ca. 10,000) was relatively insensitive to [LiClO4], indicating occurrence of chain transfer. IR analysis of mixtures of LiClO4/DMEI and LiClO4/poly(DMEI) indicated complexation of LiClO4 with DMEI and its polymer. The rate constants of propagation (kp) and termination (kt) were determined by ESR. kp (1.7–10.5 L/mol s at 50°C) increased with [LiClO4]. kt (5.2–1.0 × 104 L/mol s at 50°C) showed remarkable decrease at higher [LiClO4]s than 1.0 mol/L. Rp of polymerization of equimolar complex of LiClO4/DMEI with MAIB at 50°C in MEK was expressed by Rp = k[MAIB]0.5[DMEI]2.4. kp increased and kt decreased with [DMEI]. The activation energies of overall polymerization, propagation and termination were estimated to be 34.5, 8.0, and 59.4 kJ/mol. Copolymerization of DMEI with styrene was also profoundly affected by the presence of LiClO4. Such large effects of LiClO4 on the homo- and copolymerization of DMEI are explicable in term of association of LiClO4-complexed DMEI monomers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

12.
3‐Ethyl‐3‐methacryloyloxymethyloxetane (EMO) was easily polymerized by dimethyl 2,2′‐azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) as the radical initiator through the opening of the vinyl group. The initial polymerization rate (Rp) at 50 °C in benzene was given by Rp = k[MAIB]0.55 [EMO]1.2. The overall activation energy of the polymerization was estimated to be 87 kJ/mol. The number‐average molecular weight (M?n) of the resulting poly(EMO)s was in the range of 1–3.3 × 105. The polymerization system was found to involve electron spin resonance (ESR) observable propagating poly(EMO) radicals under practical polymerization conditions. ESR‐determined rate constants of propagation (kp) and termination (kt) at 60 °C are 120 and 2.41 × 105 L/mol s, respectively—much lower than those of the usual methacrylate esters such as methyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate. The radical copolymerization of EMO (M1) with styrene (M2) at 60 °C gave the following copolymerization parameters: r1 = 0.53, r2 = 0.43, Q1 = 0.87, and e1 = +0.42. EMO was also observed to be polymerized by BF3OEt2 as the cationic initiator through the opening of the oxetane ring. The M?n of the resulting polymer was in the range of 650–3100. The cationic polymerization of radically formed poly(EMO) provided a crosslinked polymer showing distinguishably different thermal behaviors from those of the radical and cationic poly(EMO)s. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1269–1279, 2001  相似文献   

13.
The polymerization of α‐N‐(α′‐methylbenzyl) β‐ethyl itaconamate derived from racemic α‐methylbenzylamine (RS‐MBEI) by initiation with dimethyl 2,2′‐azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) was studied in methanol kinetically and with ESR spectroscopy. The overall activation energy of polymerization was calculated to be 47 kJ/mol, a very low value. The polymerization rate (Rp ) at 60 °C was expressed by Rp = k[MAIB]0.5±0.05[RS‐MBEI]2.9±0.1. The rate constants of propagation (kp ) and termination (kt ) were determined by ESR. kp was very low, ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 L/mol s, and increased with the monomer concentration, whereas kt (4–17 × l04 L/mol s) decreased with the monomer concentration. Such behaviors of kp and kt were responsible for the high dependence of Rp on the monomer concentration. Rp depended considerably on the solvent used. S‐MBEI, derived from (S)‐α‐methylbenzylamine, showed somewhat lower homopolymerizability than RS‐MBEI. The kp value of RS‐MBEI at 60 °C in benzene was 1.5 times that of S‐MBEI. This was explicable in terms of the different molecular associations of RS‐MBEI and S‐MBEI, as analyzed by 1H NMR. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4137–4146, 2000  相似文献   

14.
Polymerization of 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) was kinetically investigated in ethanol using dimethyl 2,2′‐azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) as initiator. The overall activation energy of the homogeneous polymerization was calculated to be 71 kJ/mol. The polymerization rate (Rp) was expressed by Rp = k[MAIB]0.54±0.05 [MPC]1.8±0.1. The higher dependence of Rp on the monomer concentration comes from acceleration of propagation due to monomer aggregation and also from retardation of termination due to viscosity effect of the MPC monomer. Rate constants of propagation (kp) and termination (kt) of MPC were estimated by means of ESR to be kp = 180 L/mol · s and kt = 2.8 × 104 L/mol · s at 60 °C, respectively. Because of much slower termination, Rp of MPC in ethanol was found at 60 °C to be 8 times that of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in benzene, though the different solvents were used for MPC and MMA. Polymerization of MPC with MAIB in ethanol was accelerated by the presence of water and retarded by the presence of benzene or acetonitrile. Poly(MPC) showed a peculiar solubility behavior; although poly(MPC) was highly soluble in ethanol and in water, it was insoluble in aqueous ethanol of water content of 7.4–39.8 vol %. The radical copolymerization of MPC (M1) and styrene (St) (M2) in ethanol at 50 °C gave the following copolymerization parameters similar to those of the copolymerization of MMA and St; r1 = 0.39, r2 = 0.46, Q1 = 0.76, and e1 = +0.51. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 509–515, 2000  相似文献   

15.
A kinetic study of radical polymerization of vinyl mercaptobenzothiazole (VMBT) with α,α′-azobisisobutyonitrile (AIBN) at 60°C was carried out. The rate of polymerization (Rp) was found to be expressed by the rate equation: Rp = k[AIBN]0.5 [VMBT]1.0, indicating that the polymerization of this monomer proceeds via an ordinary radical mechanism. The apparent activation energy for overall polymerization was calculated to be 20.9 kcal/mole. Moreover, this monomer was copolymerized with methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, phenyl vinyl sulfide, maleic anhydride, and fumaronitrile at 60°C. From the results obtained, the copolymerization parameters were determined and discussed.  相似文献   

16.
The polymerization of styrene (St) in benzene solution in the presence of 1,3-dioxane (DON), 1,3-dioxepane (DOP), trioxane (TRON), or tetraoxane (TEON) by means of photoirradiation of the system at 40°C has been studied kinetically from the standpoint of photosensitized polymerization. The rate of photosensitized polymerization Rp increased in the order: DOP < DON < TRON < TEON, as shown by the rate constant of decomposition of cyclic acetals, and then could be expressed by Rp = k[monocyclic acetal]0.5[St]1.0. The polymerization was confirmed to proceed via a radical mechanism.  相似文献   

17.
The copolymerizations of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) with α-ethyl β-N-(α-methylbenzyl) itaconamates (RS- and S-EMBIs) derived from (RS)- and (S)-α-methylbenzylamines were conducted at 70 and 80 °C in benzene using dimethyl 2,2-azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) of high concentration as initiator. The copolymerization of EGBM (0.20 mol/l) and RS-EMBI (0.50 mol/l) with MAIB (0.50 mol/l) proceeded homogeneously without any gelation in benzene to give benzene-soluble copolymer in a yield of 55% based on the total weight of EGDM, RS-EMBI and MAIB. The copolymer was soluble in acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and insoluble in n-hexane, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water. The copolymerization system involved ESR-observable propagating radicals derived from EGDM and RS-EMBI, of which the total concentration increased with time in spite of the homogeneous system. The copolymer consisted of EGDM unit (25 mol%), RS-EMBI unit (45 mol%), and methoxycarbonylpropyl group as MAIB-fragment (30 mol%). Such a large number of initiator fragments were incorporated into the copolymer as terminal groups through initiation and primary radical termination, leading to a conclusion that the copolymer was of hyperbranched structure (initiator-fragment incorporation radical copolymerization). Radius of gyration (Rg) and Mw of the copolymer by light scattering measurements in THF were 17.8 nm and 7.7 × 105, respectively. Comparison of these values with those (Rg=27.6 nm and Mw=2.9×105) of linear polystyrene also supported the above conclusion. Reflecting the compact hyperbranched structure, the intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of the copolymer was very low, [η]=0.075 dl/g at 25 °C in THF. The individual copolymer molecules were observed as a nanoparticle by TEM. The copolymerization of EGDM and S-EMBI with MAIB in benzene also gave similar results.  相似文献   

18.
N-(Butyl-3-one)imidazole acts as an initiating adduct which is formed in the anionic polymerization of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) induced by imidazole (Im) and is directly formed from Im and the MVK monomer. The kinetics of the anionic homopolymerization of MVK and acrylamide (AAm) under argon in the presence of the adduct were investigated in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The rate of polymerization for the MVK system is expressed as Rp = k[Adduct] [MVK], where k = 3.1 × 10?6 L/(mol·s)in THF at 30°C. The overall activation energy, Ea , was found to be 5.34 kcal/mol. The Rp for the AAm system is expressed as Rp = k[Adduct] [AAm], where k = 6.8 × 10?6 L/(mol·s) in THF at 30°C, with Ea 7.78 kcal/mol. The mechanism of the polymerization induced by the initiator adduct is discussed on the basis of these results.  相似文献   

19.
The kinetics of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of imidazole (Im), 2-methylimidazole (2MIm), or benz-imidazole (BIm) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 15–40°C was investigated by dilatometry. The rate of polymerization, Rp , was expressed by Rp = k[Im] [MMA]2, where k = 3.0 × 10?6 L2/(mol2 s) in THF at 30°C. The overall activation energy, Ea , was 6.9 kcal/mol for the Im system and 7.3 kcal/mol for the 2MIm system. The relation between logRp and 1 T was not linear for the BIm system. The polymers obtained were soluble in acetone, chloroform, benzene, and THF. The melting points of the polymers were in the range of 258–280°C. The 1H-NMR spectra indicated that the polymers were made up of about 58–72% of syndiotactic structure. The polymerization mechanism is discussed on the basis of these results.  相似文献   

20.
Kinetics of polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) in presence of fullerene (C60) has been studied using p-acetyl benzylidine triphenyl arsonium ylide as initiator in dioxane at 60 ± 0.1°C under the blanket of nitrogen. The rate of polymerization (R p ) at low concentration of fullerene may be represented as R p ?? [Ylide]0.5[AN]1.0 [Full]?0.6, indicating inhibition effect of fullerene on the polymerization. The energy of activation for the polymerization was found to be 71.5 ± 0.5 kJ mol?1. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FTIR) confirmed the insertion of fullerene in to the final polymer. The mechanism for the polymerization has also been proposed.  相似文献   

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