氯化亚锡还原-硫氰酸铵快速光度法测定合金钢中的钨

建立了氯化亚锡还原－硫氰酸铵快速光度法测定合金钢中钨的方法，方法的线性范围为2－400μg/50mL，相对标准偏差为0．24％－1．22％，方法简便，快速，测定结果准确。     

测定浓缩菠萝汁中乳酸的毛细管气相色谱法

建立了毛细管气相色谱快速测定浓缩菠萝汁中乳酸的方法，样品经甲醇－浓硫酸衍生化处理，四氯化碳萃取，采用氢火焰检测器，SUPELCOWAX－10石英毛细管柱，外标法定量，GC－MS确认；在0．01－1g/L的范围内乳酸含量与峰面积具有良好的线性关系，标准曲线的相关系数为0．999，检出限为0．008g/L，回收率为90％－96％，相对标准偏差为4．0％；方法具有快速、简便、准确的特点。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定饲料预混硒中硒

研究了用火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定饲料预混硒中硒，与其它方法比较，简单、快速，测定的相对标准偏差小于5．0％，回收率为96．3％-104．0％，检出限为0．0005％。     

色质联用分析葡萄酒中有机酸

用树脂将葡萄酒中有机酸吸附分离后，在不洗脱的情况下直接酯化，然后进行色质联用分析，共测出葡萄酒中１９种有机酸．方法新颖、快速、简便、有效．     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定尿镉

采用磷酸作为基体改进剂，石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定了尿镉，其检测限为０．０７μｇ／Ｌ，标准曲线线性范围０．０－５．０μｇ／Ｌ回收率９９．９１％，方法准确、简便、快速、污染少。     

β－阻断剂的确证方法研究

采用固相提取、酶解结合水溶液中的光气衍生化方法，得到具有特征性质谱的衍生物，使β－阻断剂的确证工作准确、简便、快速．用于实际检测，取得满意结果．     

原子荧光光谱法同时测定农产品中砷和汞

研究了用AFS-920型双道原子荧光光度计同时测定食品中砷和汞的方法。方法快速、相对标准偏差小于10％，砷和汞的回收率分别为88．0-107．0％和89．8％-114．0％，符合国标对农产品安全质量检测的要求。     

奶粉中β-胡萝卜素的高效液相色谱法测定

使用Inertsil SIL-100硅胶柱，以正己烷等为流动相的正相液相色谱方法分析乳粉中的β-胡萝卜素收到了较好的效果．该方法的检出限、重现性、回收率和线性范围分别为：0．220μg／mL，1．88％，90．2％～95．1％和2．280～456．000μg／mL．关于采用正相液相色谱法分析β-胡萝卜素的方法未见报到．该方法具有快速，灵敏度高的特点，保留时间仅为3min左右，并大大地缩短了分析时间，提高了效率．     

快速气相色谱法测定食品中的常见防腐剂

摘要：建立了一种分离测定食品中6种常见防腐剂(山梨酸，苯甲酸，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯)的简单、准确的快速气相色谱方法，采用长10m，内径100μm的HP-5熔融石英毛细管柱，在快速程序升温条件下，6种常见防腐剂的分析时间为1．3min。各组分平均回收率(n=3)为96．45％；检出限为1．2～10μg／mL；线性相关系数大于0．994。该方法已用于实际食品中防腐剂的检测。     

真空触头合金中铜碲X荧光定量分析方法研究

介绍了用滤纸薄样法对真空触头合金中常量元素铜和微量元素碲的定量分析方法。方法简便、快速、成本低、碲和铜标准偏差分析为０．０３１４和０．０６３１，相对误差分别为０．２４％和０．７３％。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定不同品种山药中矿物质元素与对比研究

采用微波消解样品,运用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定山药中K,Na,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Cu,Mn,Se,Pb,Cd和Cr 12种元素。结果表明:方法简便、快速、准确;山药富含对人体有益的K,Ca,Fe,Mg,Zn,Mn,Se等矿物质元素,其肉质中重金属元素Pb,Cd,Cr含量均未超过国家食品卫生标准。     

激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)法微损快速检测党参中Pb

中药材重金属元素快速检测对污染监控及人们健康具有重要意义。激光诱导击穿光谱技术(Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS)属于一种快速检测方法,研磨压片等预处理方法相对样品消解已有所简化,但破坏了样品的物理性质,且不能满足中药材大宗品种、大批量检测需求。若进一步简化样品预处理,将更加凸显LIBS快速检测的优势。本文建立了激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)快速微损检测中药材样品重金属元素定标方法。线性相关系数R2为0.7764,建立的微损定标曲线线性可用于切片党参LIBS快速检测,对待测党参切片样品检测平均相对误差为3.74%,与电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对比,相关系数R2为0.7957,验证了LIBS技术微损检测的可行性。制备的党参参考定标样品可多次重复用于待测样定标和仪器标定等。实验对待测党参样品仅进行切片处理,避免了研磨、压片等预处理,更加充分地体现LIBS快速检测的优势,为LIBS技术应用于中药材重金属元素快检等领域提供了一种新方法。     

Influence de la vitesse de chauflage sur l'atomisation électrothermique en spectrométrie d'absorption atomique. Applications aux éléments volatils, cadmium et plomb

The advantages of electrothermal atomization by rapid heating (faster than 2000°C s⁻¹) in atomic absorption for the determination of volatile elements are studied. The aim is to control the matrix effects, particularly the very high non-specific absorptions. It is shown that, unlike normal heating, now rapid heating makes it possible to atomize a volatile element without hardly covolatilizing its matrix, as a result of the change in the optimum atomization temperatures.Application examples are given: direct determination of cadmium and lead (atomized respectively at only 900 and 960°C) in sea water and related products. This method is likely to be applicable to other matrices which covolatilize normally with other elements. The mechanisms of atom formation in rapid heating are also investigated.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法对铁扫帚根中六种微量元素的测定

用火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定了铁扫帚根Fe、Cu、Mg、Ca、Mn、Zn 6种微量元素。结果表明,所测定的铁扫帚中含有丰富的人体必需微量元素,采用此法回收率在96．0％～106．0％之间,方法简单、准确,结果令人满意。     

面膜中微量元素的ICP-MS定量方法及其吸收率研究

以5种面膜为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术,通过外标法对面膜中的12种微量元素进行定量分析,建立了敷面膜时间与微量元素含量的关系曲线,探究面部皮肤对微量元素的吸收率。结果表明:5种面膜中均检出的微量元素含量由高到低为Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、Hg,含量为0.027~5.209 mg/kg;人体面部皮肤对Se、Zn和Fe的吸收率较高,对Sn、Al的吸收率较低。该定量方法简单、快速、准确可靠,可为面膜中微量元素的研究及面膜的安全有效使用提供实验依据。     

固体进样元素分析技术在农业领域的应用

重金属是农产品、农田土壤、肥料、饲料等农业样品中的重要污染物,传统的实验室分析方法需繁琐的前处理,耗时费力,无法满足重金属的快速检测需求。固体进样元素分析技术具有简化样品前处理、便捷、绿色、高效等优势,在农业领域中元素的快速检测分析中具有良好的应用前景。通过对固体进样元素分析技术,包括样品导入技术和电热蒸发、电感加热、激光烧蚀、X射线荧光光谱、激光诱导击穿光谱等固体进样分析系统进行综述,并对这些技术在农业领域中的应用做了进一步的梳理。固体进样分析技术已在农业样品中元素的快速检测、现场监测、风险评估等工作中发挥着举足轻重的作用,相信随着仪器研发、材料科学、机器学习等新兴技术的快速发展,其结构小巧、使用简单、分析迅速等优势将会充分发挥,为农业领域中质量安全监管提供一种更为有效、可靠的快速检测手段。     

Determination of trace elements in residual oil by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An analytical method using high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) for rapid simultaneous determination of 20 elements, including Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, and Pb elements, in residual oil was described. The sample was dissolved in HNO₃ by microwave digestion, and then the above 20 elements in the solution were analyzed directly by HR-ICP-MS. Most of the spectral interferences could be avoided by measuring in the high-resolution mode. The matrix effect caused by the sample-digesting solution and corrected by Sc, Rh, and Bi as the internal standard elements was studied in detail. The optimum condition of the determination was also tested and discussed. The result showed that the detection limits of the method were in the range of 0.014 to 11.6 μg L⁻¹; the relative standard deviation was less than 3.8% and recoveries in the samples were in the range of 88.4% to 108.0%. This method can be used to determine the trace elements in residual oil with the features of accurate, rapid, and convenient determination.     

原子吸收和原子荧光光谱法测定茶园土壤中的微量元素

采用微波消解-火焰原子吸收和原子荧光光谱法同时测定了贵州梵净山茶园土壤中14种微量元素含量,方法简单、准确、迅速,有助于全面、迅速地了解茶园土壤中微量元素的含量,对于特色茶叶品质鉴定和指导合理科学栽培茶树等方面有重要意义.     

Element analysis of Pinus rigida intra-annual growth rings by photon-induced X-ray emission

A 3.7 MeV external proton beam was employed to produce X-rays in Pinus rigida Mill /pitch pine/ intra-annual growth rings and several elements were quantitatively determined. The PIXE experimental set-up, rapid sample preparation methods, and some interesting observations are discussed. In addition, statistical analysis of the tree-ring element concentrations revealed that Cl, K and Ca were slightly translocated whereas the other elements detected were not. The concentrations of several elements in the rings were negatively correlated with annual stream water pH which reflected precipitation pH.     

Rapid ion-exchange separations of actinides

For the purpose of studying short-lived actinide nuclides, three methods for rapid ion exchange separation of actinide elements with mineral acid-alcohol mixed media have been developed: (1) anion exchange with nitric acid-methyl alcohol mixed media to separate the transplutonium and rare earth elements from target material, U or Pu, and Al catcher foils; (2) anion exchange with hydrochloric acid-methyl alcohol media to separate Am+Cm, Bk and Cf+Fm from the target, catcher foils and major fission products; (3) cation exchange with hydrochloric acid-methyl alcohol media and with concentrated hydrochloric acid to separate the transplutonium elements as a group from the rare earths after eliminating the large amounts of U, Al, Cu, Fe etc. The methods enable one to perform rapid and effective separation at elevated temperature (90 °C) and immediate source preparation for alpha-ray spectrometry.