催化动力学光度法测定痕量甲醛

在0.04 mol·L-1硫酸介质中,甲醛对溴酸钾氧化甲基橙的反应具有显著催化作用,且在甲醛质量浓度为0.08～0.48 mg·L-1之间与在510 nm测得的吸光度之间呈线性关系,其线性回归方程为△A=1.5632 C～0.0441(式中C为甲醛质量浓度,以mg·L-1表示),其相关系数为0.9985,方法的检出限为5.18×10qmg·L-1.对此反应的动力学性质也作了研究,甲基橙的氧化反应为0.5级反应,甲醛的催化反应为一级反应,测得其表现活化能为74.53 kJ·mol-1.将所提出的方法应用于几种水样中痕量甲醛的测定,计算得分析结果的相对标准偏差(n=8)均小于0.9%,测得回收率在95.1%～104.9%之间.方法所测得的结果与乙酰丙酮光度法测得的结果相吻合.     

曙红B与盐酸洛美沙星相互作用的分光光度法研究

在pH=1.2的Clark Lubs缓冲溶液条件下,曙红B与盐酸洛美沙星复合物的最大吸收峰位于535nm,比曙红B本身红移30nm,复合物的表观摩尔吸光系数为5.82×103L·mol-1·cm-1。方法的线性范围为10～40mg·L-1,检出限为2.2mg·L-1。实验考察了反应条件的影响,初步讨论了反应机理。     

多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极测定多巴酚丁胺的研究

研究了多巴酚丁胺在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了一种直接测定多巴酚丁胺的电化学方法。在0.3mol·L-1H2SO4底液中,氧化峰电位为0.57V(vs.Ag/AgCl),峰电流与多巴酚丁胺的浓度在5.0×10-8～1.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。该法的检出限为3.0×10-8mol·L-1。平均回收率为99.15%。1.0×10-5mol·L-1多巴酚丁胺平行测定8次的标准偏差为4.8%。用拟定的方法测定了多巴酚丁胺注射液中多巴酚丁胺的含量,结果满意。     

微分电位溶出伏安法同时测定甘草中痕量铅和镉

建立了在NH4OAc HOAc介质中,用微分电位溶出伏安法测定中药甘草中痕量铅和镉的方法,利用该法对中药甘草煎煮前后及其煎液中铅和镉的含量进行测定。试验表明,镉和铅分别在-0.66V(vs.SCE)和-0.47V(vs.SCE)电位处形成两个灵敏的二次微分溶出峰;铅在0～0.8mg·L-1,镉在0～0.4mg·L-1范围,峰电流与浓度呈良好的线性关系;铅和镉检出限分别为0.15和0.1μg·L-1,相对标准偏差≤1.39%;铅和镉加标回收率在94%～103%之间。结果表明,该甘草样品中铅和镉含量均低于国家安全标准,甘草煎煮液中铅的浸出率较高,镉的浸出率则较低,方法也适用于其它类似中药。     

锇(Ⅳ)-KIO4-偶氮氯膦-pA催化光度法测定微量锇

在1.0 mol·L-1硝酸介质中,微量锇(Ⅳ)对KIO4氧化偶氮氯膦-pA的褪色反应有明显的催化作用,利用此反应可在水相中直接测定微量锇.锇(Ⅳ)含量在0.02～0.60 mg·L-1范围内符合比耳定律,检出限为0.01 mg·L-1.     

人血清白蛋白荧光猝灭法测定苏丹红Ⅰ

研究了在0.1 mol·L-1 Tris-HCl缓冲溶液(pH 8.2)中,人血清白蛋白(HSA)的荧光性质以及由于苏丹红Ⅰ的存在而使HSA的荧光猝灭现象进行了研究.结果表明:当HSA溶液在280 nm波长激发时,其发射波长为337 nm.当有苏丹红Ⅰ存在时其荧光发射的强度将出现猝灭,而且荧光猝灭程度(△F)与苏丹红Ⅰ的质量浓度在0.5～7.5 mg·L-1(r=0.999 7)之间呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3Sb/k)为0.1 mg·L-1,测定限(10Sb/k)为0.5 mg·L-1,相对标准偏差(m=6,n=11)为0.7%～1.8%,加标回收率为91.9%～109.3%.     

CTAB化学吸附修饰电极线性扫描伏安法直接测定苯酚

本文提出了以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)修饰碳糊电极直接测定苯酚的电化学方法。在pH=8.0的0.1mol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,苯酚在+0.63V出现一个灵敏的氧化峰,其峰电流与苯酚浓度在4.0×10-7～5.0×10-5mol·L-1之间呈线性关系,检出限为5.0×10-8mol·L-1。本文对CTAB对苯酚氧化的增敏机理进行了探讨。该电极用于工业废水中苯酚的检测,取得了满意的结果。     

大豆黄素的电化学行为及其循环伏安测定

在pH 7.5的三羟甲基氨基甲烷-盐酸(Tris-盐酸)缓冲溶液的底液中,采用循环伏安法测定大豆黄素,得到一良好的氧化峰,其峰电位在0.53 V处;峰电流与大豆黄素的浓度在1.2×10-7～9.6×10-6mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系.该方法的检出限(3S/N)为8.0×10-8mol·L-1.用此法测定红车轴草中大豆黄素含量,加标平均回收率为98.0%;对1.6×10-6mol·L-1大豆黄素平行测定8次,进行精密度试验,相对标准偏差为0.81%.根据大豆黄素在玻碳电极上的电化学行为,表明大豆黄素的电极过程具有吸附性和不可逆性.     

单壁碳纳米管和室温离子液体胶修饰电极

短单壁碳纳米管(S-SWNTs)与疏水性室温离子液体(RTIL)1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(BMIMPF6)以质量比1:1研成胶, 修饰在玻碳电极(GCE)上制备S-SWNT&;RTIL/GCE. 以铁氰化钾、抗坏血酸(AA)和亚甲基蓝(MB)为电化学探针, 用伏安法表征. 结果表明, 该修饰电极具有优异的电催化性能和富集效应. 以B-R缓冲溶液为支持电解液, 单链鲱鱼精脱氧核糖核酸(ssDNA)在S-SWNT&;RTIL/GCE上具有灵敏的伏安响应, 于0.532和0.808 V处分别出现鸟嘌呤碱基和腺嘌呤碱基的氧化峰. 鸟嘌呤碱基和腺嘌呤碱基在S-SWNT&;RTIL/GCE上的电极反应标准速率常数k’s分别为1.84×10^-2和3.69×10^-2 s-1. 在最佳条件下, 应用微分脉冲伏安法检测, 鸟嘌呤碱基的氧化峰电流与ssDNA 的浓度在40 μg·L-1-5.0 mg·L-1 范围内呈现良好的线性关系, 检测限为5 μg·L-1 (S/N=3, 信噪比).     

氯酸钾-甲基红体系动力学光度法测定甲醛

在H2 SO4 介质中 ,利用甲醛催化氯酸钾氧化甲基红的褪色反应 ,建立了催化光度法测定痕量甲醛的新方法。方法的线性范围 0 0 4～ 0 80 μg·mL- 1,检出限 1 74× 1 0 - 9g·mL- 1。本法应用于化妆品中甲醛的测定 ,结果满意     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。