关于概率内积空间*

本文给出概率内积空间以一新的定义。借助于这一定义,在本文中建立了概率内积空间的Schwarz不等式、收敛性定理及正交性的概念。并讨论了概率内积空间与概率赋范空间的关系等。     

The Goldstine Theorem for asymmetric normed linear spaces

It is well known that if (X,q) is an asymmetric normed linear space, then the function qs defined on X by qs(x)=max{q(x),q(−x)}, is a norm on the linear space X. However, the lack of symmetry in the definition of the asymmetric norm q yields an algebraic asymmetry in the dual space of (X,q). This fact establishes a significant difference with the standard results on duality that hold in the case of locally convex spaces. In this paper we study some aspects of a reflexivity theory in the setting of asymmetric normed linear spaces. In particular, we obtain a version of the Goldstine Theorem to these spaces which is applied to prove, among other results, a characterization of reflexive asymmetric normed linear spaces.     

Convex sets which are intersections of closed balls

In this paper we aim to investigate different questions concerning the stability of the set of all intersections of closed balls in a normed space. We are mainly concerned with: (i) the stability of under the closure of the vector sums; (ii) the stability under the addition of balls. We prove that (i) and (ii) are different properties which have strong connections with the geometry of the space. They have interest both in finite and infinite dimension. In the former case, there is a link with linear programming theory. We also study two more stability properties related to the well-known binary intersection property. Mazur sets and Mazur spaces are introduced, as a natural family satisfying (i). We prove that every two-dimensional normed space is a Mazur space, a result which distinguishes dimension d?2 from dimension d?3. We also discuss the connections between Mazur spaces and porosity.     

Some remarkable lines of triangles in real normed spaces and characterizations of inner product structures

Summary In this work we consider the heights and the bisectrices of a triangle in a real normed space. Using well-known formulas which can be generalized to real normed spaces we obtain a collection of new characterizations of inner product spaces.     

Pythagorean orthogonality and additive mappings

Summary In this note we consider a real normed vector spaceX equipped with the isosceles orthogonality or the Pythagorean orthogonality, both of them defined by R. C. James. It is known that any odd, isosceles orthogonally additive mapping fromX into an Abelian group is unconditionally additive whenever dimX 3. Also, it is worth mentioning that this result was the first of this sort based on a non-homogeneous relation. In this context, we derive here the same for the other non-homogeneous orthogonality, the Pythagorean one, answering in part a pretty old and famous question. The proof uses the corresponding result for isosceles orthogonality and a detailed analysis of the geometry of normed spaces.Dedicated to Professor Jürg Rätz on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Some remarks on functions with values in probabilistic normed spaces

In this paper we consider an enlargement of the notion of the probabilistic normed space. For this new class of probabilistic normed spaces we give some topological properties. By using properties of the probabilistic norm we prove some differential and integral properties of functions with values into probabilistic normed spaces. As special cases, results for deterministic and random functions can be obtained.      

概率赋范空间中的非线性半群与微分包含*

本文的目的是在概率赋范空间中引入和研究非线性压缩半群,并对增生映象建立Crandal-Ligget指数公式.作为应用,我们将应用这些结果研究概率赋范空间中一类具增生映象的微分包含的Cauchy问题解的存在性.     

Subspaces of Normed Riesz Spaces

It will be shown that a normed partially ordered vector space is linearly, norm, and order isomorphic to a subspace of a normed Riesz space if and only if its positive cone is closed and its norm p satisfies p(x)p(y) for all x and y with -yxy. A similar characterization of the subspaces of M-normed Riesz spaces is given. With aid of the first characterization, Krein's lemma on directedness of norm dual spaces can be directly derived from the result for normed Riesz spaces. Further properties of the norms ensuing from the characterization theorem are investigated. Also a generalization of the notion of Riesz norm is studied as an analogue of the r-norm from the theory of spaces of operators. Both classes of norms are used to extend results on spaces of operators between normed Riesz spaces to a setting with partially ordered vector spaces. Finally, a partial characterization of the subspaces of Riesz spaces with Riesz seminorms is given.     

D-boundedness andD-compactness in finite dimensional probabilistic normed spaces

In this paper, we prove that in a finite dimensional probabilistic normed space, every two probabilistic norms are equivalent and we study the notion ofD-compactness and D-boundedness in probabilistic normed spaces.     

Random strict convexity and random uniform convexity in random normed modules

Based on the analysis of stratification structure on random normed modules, we first present random strict convexity and random uniform convexity in random normed modules. Then, we establish their respective relations to classical strict and uniform convexity: in the process some known important results concerning strict convexity and uniform convexity of Lebesgue-Bochner function spaces can be obtained as a special case of our results. Further, we also give their important applications to the theory of random conjugate spaces as well as best approximation. Finally, we conclude this paper with some remarks showing that the study of geometry of random normed modules will also motivate the further study of geometry of probabilistic normed spaces.     

概率收缩偶与非阿基米德Menger概率赋范空间中非线性方程组的解*

本文在非阿基米德Menger概率赋范空间中引入了概率收缩偶的概念,研究了非阿基米德Menger概率赋范空间中具概率收缩偶的非线性方程组的解的存在性与唯一性.发展和改进了引文[1～5]的相应结果.     

Linear operators in finite dimensional probabilistic normed spaces

In this paper, we consider strongly bounded linear operators on a finite dimensional probabilistic normed space and define the topological isomorphism between probabilistic normed spaces. Then we prove that every finite dimensional probabilistic normed space which is a topological vector space is complete.     

概率度量空间中的拓朴度理论与不动点定理*

在本文中我们在概率线性赋范空间中建立了Leray-Schauder度理论.并以此为工具得出了概率线性赋范空间中的某些不动点定理.     

HYERS-ULAM-RASSIAS STABILITY OF FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS IN MENGER PROBABILISTIC NORMED SPACES

We introduce the approximately quadratic functional equation in Menger probabilistic normed spaces. More precisely, we show under some suitable conditions that an approximately quadratic functional equation can be approximated by a quadratic function in above mentioned spaces. Also we consider the stability problem for approximately pexiderized functional equation in Menger probabilistic normed spaces.     

Best coapproximation in normed linear spaces

We consider, in normed linear spaces, a kind of approximation by elements of linear subspaces, introduced byC. Franchetti andM. Furi [5], which we call best coapproximation. We obtain some results on characterization and existence of elements of best coapproximation in arbitrary normed linear spaces and in spaces of continuous functions. We give some characterizations of strict convexity in terms of best coapproximation and we study some properties of the setvalued operators of best coapproximation.Work performed partially under the auspices of the GNAFA (National Group for Functional Analysis and its Applications) of the CNR (National Research Council of Italy)     

The law of large numbers in locally convex spaces

Summary The law of large numbers is extended to random elements taking values in locally convex spaces. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the law are given in a large class of locally convex spaces, vix. normed spaces. This class includes, among others, the test function spaces and the distribution spaces.     

Effective codescent morphisms, amalgamations and factorization systems

The paper deals with the question whether it is sufficient, when investigating the problem of the effectiveness of a descent morphism, to restrict the consideration only to the descent data (C,γ,ξ), where γ lies in a certain morphism class. The notion of a factorization system and the dual to the amalgamation property in the sense of Kiss, Marki, Pröhle and Tholen play the key role in our discussion.It is shown that a category inherits from a category the property that all descent morphisms are effective if either is regular and is a full coreflective, closed under pullbacks of certain epimorphisms, subcategory of or is regular, has coequalizers and there exists a topological functor . This implies that in the category of topological spaces, all regular monomorphisms are effective codescent morphisms (the result of Mantovani). The same is shown to be valid also for the categories of compact Hausdorff topological spaces, normal topological spaces, Banach spaces, (quasi-)uniform spaces, and (quasi-)proximity spaces. Moreover, the effectiveness of all codescent morphisms is established for the categories of Hausdorff topological spaces and (complete) metric spaces. The internal characterization of such morphisms p:B→E is given for the category of Hausdorff topological spaces, in the case of compact B and regular E.     

算子概率范数与共鸣定理

提出概率赋范线性空间上集合有界性的简化定义,利用算子概率范数概念。进一步研究概率赋范线性空间上的线性算子理论,并在算子概率赋范空间上,建立了概率有界、概率半有界、非概率无界意义下的共鸣定理。     

Finite preorders and topological descent II: étale descent

It is known that every effective (global-) descent morphism of topological spaces is an effective étale-descent morphism. On the other hand, in the predecessor of this paper we gave examples of:

•

a descent morphism that is not an effective étale-descent morphism;

•

an effective étale-descent morphism that is not a descent morphism.

Both of the examples in fact involved only finite topological spaces, i.e. just finite preorders, and now we characterize the effective étale-descent morphisms of preorders/finite topological spaces completely.