The Goldstine Theorem for asymmetric normed linear spaces

It is well known that if (X,q) is an asymmetric normed linear space, then the function qs defined on X by qs(x)=max{q(x),q(−x)}, is a norm on the linear space X. However, the lack of symmetry in the definition of the asymmetric norm q yields an algebraic asymmetry in the dual space of (X,q). This fact establishes a significant difference with the standard results on duality that hold in the case of locally convex spaces. In this paper we study some aspects of a reflexivity theory in the setting of asymmetric normed linear spaces. In particular, we obtain a version of the Goldstine Theorem to these spaces which is applied to prove, among other results, a characterization of reflexive asymmetric normed linear spaces.     

A characterization of Gaussian law in Hilbert space

Summary In the present paper the main result is the following:Let be a real separable Hilbert space. LetX andY be two independently distributed random variables taking values in . Then the random variablesX+Y andX–Y are independently distributed if and only if each ofX andY follows a Gaussian law.The proof of the above result depends on the solution of a functional equation in the general framework of a real separable Hilbert space.Dedicated to the memory of Alexander M. Ostrowski on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth     

A study of boundedness in probabilistic normed spaces

It was shown in Lafuerza-Guillén, Rodríguez-Lallena and Sempi (1999) [8] that uniform boundedness in a Šerstnev PN space (V,ν,τ,τ^∗), (named boundedness in the present setting) of a subset A⊂V with respect to the strong topology is equivalent to the fact that the probabilistic radius R_A of A is an element of D⁺. Here we extend the equivalence just mentioned to a larger class of PN spaces, namely those PN spaces that are topological vector spaces (briefly TV spaces), but are not Šerstnev PN spaces.We present a characterization of those PN spaces, whether they are TV spaces or not, in which the equivalence holds. Then, a characterization of the Archimedeanity of triangle functions τ^∗ of type τ_T,L is given. This work is a partial solution to a problem of comparing the concepts of distributional boundedness (D-bounded in short) and that of boundedness in the sense of associated strong topology.     

Bounded tightness for weak topologies

In every Hausdorff locally convex space for which there exists a strictly finer topology than its weak topology but with the same bounded sets (like for instance, all infinite dimensional Banach spaces, the space of distributions or the space of analytic functions in an open set , etc.) there is a set A such that 0 is in the weak closure of A but 0 is not in the weak closure of any bounded subset B of A. A consequence of this is that a Banach space X is finite dimensional if, and only if, the following property [P] holds: for each set and each x in the weak closure of A there is a bounded set such that x belongs to the weak closure of B. More generally, a complete locally convex space X satisfies property [P] if, and only if, either X is finite dimensional or linearly topologically isomorphic to . Received: 11 June 2003     

Geodesic currents and Teichmüller space

Consider a hyperbolic surface X of infinite area. The Liouville map assigns to any quasiconformal deformation of X a measure on the space of geodesics of the universal covering X? of X. We show that the Liouville map is a homeomorphism from the Teichmüller space onto its image, and that the image is closed and unbounded. The set of asymptotic rays to consists of all bounded measured laminations on X. Hence, the set of projective bounded measured laminations is a natural boundary for . The action of the quasiconformal mapping class group on continuously extends to this boundary for .     

REAL COMPACTIFICATIONS THROUGH ZERO-SET SPACES

Abstract

The Alexandroff (= zero-set) spaces were introduced in [l] as the “completely normal spaces”, and have been studied in a number of more recent papers. In this paper we unify the theory of Wallman realcompactifications via the Alexandroff bases and introduce the realcompactfine Alexandroff spaces as particularly relevant to their investigation. These latter spaces are defined analogously to the A-c uniform spaces which are based on a construction of A.W. Hager [25].     

A generalized inductive limit strict topology on the space of bounded continuous functions

A generalized inductive limit strict topology β_∞ is defined on C_b(X, E), the space of all bounded, continuous functions from a zero-dimensional Hausdorff space X into a locally -convex space E, where is a field with a nontrivial and nonarchimedean valuation, for which is a complete ultrametric space. Many properties of the topology β_∞ are proved and the dual of (C_b (X, E), β_∞) is studied.     

Probabilistic convergence structures

Summary In this paper we try to argue that it is necessary to replace the topological convergence structure of Menger spaces with an appropriate probabilistic concept of convergence.     

Splitting manifolds as M × R where M has a k-fold end structure

Let X be a locally finite simplicial complex of dimension n, n? 5, equipped with a k-fold end structure [4] and consider a piecewise linear (n + 1)-dimensional manifold M that is proper homotopy equivalent to X × R by F:M → X × R, where R is the set of real numbers. The question arises as to whether or not the manifold M can be split, i.e., written as M = N × R where N is a n-manifold and where there is a proper homotopy between F and (p₁ ° F₀) × id:N × R → X × R, preserving the natural (k+1)-fold end structure, where F₀ is F|_N and p₁ is the projection X × R → X. Of particular significance is the fact that X is noncompact. When the construction of such splittings is attempted, algebraic obstructions arise, which vanish if and only if the construction can be completed. This paper develops such an obstruction theory by utilizing methods of L.C. Siebenmann and the k-fold end structures of F. Waldhausen.     

When is a Volterra space Baire?

In this paper, we study the problem when a Volterra space is Baire. It is shown that every stratifiable Volterra space is Baire. This answers affirmatively a question of Gruenhage and Lutzer in [G. Gruenhage, D. Lutzer, Baire and Volterra spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 128 (2000) 3115-3124]. Further, it is established that a locally convex topological vector space is Volterra if and only if it is Baire; and the weak topology of a topological vector space fails to be Baire if the dual of the space contains an infinite linearly independent pointwise bounded subset.     

Some remarkable lines of triangles in real normed spaces and characterizations of inner product structures

Summary In this work we consider the heights and the bisectrices of a triangle in a real normed space. Using well-known formulas which can be generalized to real normed spaces we obtain a collection of new characterizations of inner product spaces.     

On the continuity of midpoint hull convex set-valued functions

Summary The concept of hull convexity (midpoint hull convexity) for set-valued functions in vector spaces is examined. This concept, introduced by A. V. Fiacco and J. Kyparisis (Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications,43 (1986), 95–126), is weaker than one of convexity (midpoint convexity).The main result is a sufficient condition for a midpoint hull convex set-valued function to be continuous. This theorem improves a result obtained by K. Nikodem (Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Mathematics,34 (1986), 393–399).     

A quick distributional way to the prime number theorem

We use distribution theory (generalized functions) to show the prime number theorem. No tauberian results are employed.     

A note on realizing homomorphisms of category algebras

The complete Boolean homomorphisms from the category algebra $\text{C}$(X) of a complete matrix space X to the category algebra $\text{C}$(Y) of a Baire topological space Y are characterized as those σ-homomorphisms which are induced by continuous maps from dense G₈-subsets of Y into X. This result is used to deduce a series of related results in topology and measure theory (some of which are well-known). Finally a similar result for the complete Boolean homomorphisms from the category algebra $\text{C}$(X) of a compact Hausdorff space X tothe category algebra $\text{C}$(Y) of a Baire topological space Y is proved.