Polynomial approximation on the sphere using scattered data

We consider the problem of approximately reconstructing a function f defined on the surface of the unit sphere in the Euclidean space ℝ^{q +1} by using samples of f at scattered sites. A central role is played by the construction of a new operator for polynomial approximation, which is a uniformly bounded quasi‐projection in the de la Vallée Poussin style, i.e. it reproduces spherical polynomials up to a certain degree and has uniformly bounded L^p operator norm for 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞. Using certain positive quadrature rules for scattered sites due to Mhaskar, Narcowich and Ward, we discretize this operator obtaining a polynomial approximation of the target function which can be computed from scattered data and provides the same approximation degree of the best polynomial approximation. To establish the error estimates we use Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund inequalities, which we derive from our continuous approximating operator. We give concrete bounds for all constants in the Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund inequalities as well as in the error estimates. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On the best constants in Markov-type inequalities involving Laguerre norms with different weights

The paper concerns best constants in Markov-type inequalities between the norm of a higher derivative of a polynomial and the norm of the polynomial itself. The norm of the polynomial is taken in L ² on the half-line with the weight t ^α e ^?t and the derivative is measured in L ² on the half-line with the weight t ^β e ^?t . Under an additional assumption on the difference β ? α, we determine the leading term of the asymptotics of the constants as the degree of the polynomial goes to infinity.     

On the exact Markov inequality for k-monotone polynomials in uniform and L 1-norms

We consider the classical extremal problem of estimating norms of higher order derivatives of algebraic polynomials when their norms are given. The corresponding extremal problem for general polynomials in uniform norm was solved by A. A. Markov, while Bernstein found the exact constant in the Markov inequality for monotone polynomials. In this note we give Markov-type inequalities for higher order derivatives in the general class of k-monotone polynomials. In particular, in case of first derivative we find the exact solution of this extremal problem in both uniform and L ₁-norms. This exact solution is given in terms of the largest zeros of certain Jacobi polynomials.     

Poincaré type inequalities on the discrete cube and in the CAR algebra

We prove L ^p Poincaré inequalities with suitable dimension free constants for functions on the discrete cube {?1, 1} ⁿ . As well known, such inequalities for p an even integer allow to recover an exponential inequality hence the concentration phenomenon first obtained by Bobkov and Götze. We also get inequalities between the L ^p norms of $ \left\vert \nabla f\right\vert We prove L ^p Poincaré inequalities with suitable dimension free constants for functions on the discrete cube {−1, 1} ⁿ . As well known, such inequalities for p an even integer allow to recover an exponential inequality hence the concentration phenomenon first obtained by Bobkov and G?tze. We also get inequalities between the L ^p norms of and moreover L ^p spaces may be replaced by more general ones. Similar results hold true, replacing functions on the cube by matrices in the *-algebra spanned by n fermions and the L ^p norm by the Schatten norm C _p .     

Operator Aczél inequality

We establish several operator versions of the classical Aczél inequality. One of operator versions deals with the weighted operator geometric mean and another is related to the positive sesquilinear forms. Some applications including the unital positive linear maps on C^*-algebras and the unitarily invariant norms on matrices are presented.     

Norm equalities and inequalities for three circulant operator matrices

In this paper, three new circulant operator matrices, scaled circulant operator matrices, diag-circulant operator matrices and retrocirculant operator matrices, are given respectively. Several norm equalities and inequalities for these operator matrices are proved. We show the special cases for norm equalities and inequalities, such as the usual operator norm and the Schatten p-norm. Pinching type inequality is also given for weakly unitarily invariant norms. These results are closely related to the nice structure of these special operator matrices. Furthermore, some special cases and specific examples are also considered.     

Sharp inequalities for geometric maximal operators associated with general measures

We determine the best constants in the weak-type (p, p) and L ^p estimates for geometric maximal operator on (?, µ). It is also shown that in higher dimensions such inequalities fail to hold.     

Norm inequalities in operator ideals

In this paper we introduce a new technique for proving norm inequalities in operator ideals with a unitarily invariant norm. Among the well-known inequalities which can be proved with this technique are the Löwner-Heinz inequality, inequalities relating various operator means and the Corach-Porta-Recht inequality. We prove two general inequalities and from them we derive several inequalities by specialization, many of them new. We also show how some inequalities, known to be valid for matrices or bounded operators, can be extended with this technique to normed ideals in C^∗-algebras, in particular to the noncommutative Lp-spaces of a semi-finite von Neumann algebra.     

Sharp Nash inequalities on the unit sphere: The influence of symmetries

In this paper both we establish the best constants for the Nash inequalities on the standard unit sphere Sⁿ of Rⁿ⁺¹, n≥3 and we give answers on the existence of extremal functions on the corresponding problems. Also we study the problem of the best constants in the case where the data are invariant under the action of the group G=O(k)×O(m), k+m=n+1 and we find the best constants.     

Norm estimates of ω-circulant operator matrices and isomorphic operators for ω-circulant algebra

An n ×nω-circulant matrix which has a specific structure is a type of important matrix. Several norm equalities and inequalities are proved for ω-circulant operator matrices with ω = e^iθ (0 ≤ θ < 2π) in this paper. We give the special cases for norm equalities and inequalities, such as the usual operator norm and the Schatten p-norms. Pinching type inequality is also proposed for weakly unitarily invariant norms. Meanwhile, we present that the set of ω-circulant matrices with complex entries has an idempotent basis. Based on this basis, we introduce an automorphism on the ω-circulant algebra and then show different operators on linear vector space that are isomorphic to the ω-circulant algebra. The function properties, other idempotent bases and a linear involution are discussed for ω-circulant algebra. These results are closely related to the special structure of ω-circulant matrices.     

The widest continuous integral

An approach to a definition of an integral, which differs from definitions of Lebesgue and Henstock-Kurzweil integrals, is considered. We use trigonometrical polynomials instead of simple functions. Let V be the space of all complex trigonometrical polynomials without the free term. The definition of a continuous integral on the space V is introduced. All continuous integrals are described in terms of norms on V. The existence of the widest continuous integral is proved, the explicit form of its norm is obtained and it is proved that this norm is equivalent to the Alexiewicz norm. It is shown that the widest continuous integral is wider than the Lebesgue integral. An analog of the fundamental theorem of calculus for the widest continuous integral is given.     

Weighted norm inequalities for polynomial expansions associated to some measures with mass points

Fourier series in orthogonal polynomials with respect to a measurev on [?1, 1] are studied whenv is a linear combination of a generalized Jacobi weight and finitely many Dirac deltas in [?1, 1]. We prove some weighted norm inequalities for the partial sum operatorsS _n, their maximal operatorS ^*, and the commutator [M _b, S_n], whereM _b denotes the operator of pointwise multiplication byb ∈BMO. We also prove some norm inequalites forS _n whenv is a sum of a Laguerre weitht onR ⁺ and a positive mass on 0.     

On the best constants in Markov-type inequalities involving Laguerre norms with different weights

The paper concerns best constants in Markov-type inequalities between the norm of a higher derivative of a polynomial and the norm of the polynomial itself. The norm of the polynomial is taken in L ² on the half-line with the weight t ^α e ^−t and the derivative is measured in L ² on the half-line with the weight t ^β e ^−t . Under an additional assumption on the difference β − α, we determine the leading term of the asymptotics of the constants as the degree of the polynomial goes to infinity.     

Optimal Bounds on the Modulus of Continuity of the Uncentered Hardy–Littlewood Maximal Function

We obtain sharp bounds for the modulus of continuity of the uncentered maximal function in terms of the modulus of continuity of the given function, via integral formulas. Some of the results deduced from these formulas are the following: The best constants for Lipschitz and Hölder functions on proper subintervals of ? are Lip? _α (Mf)≤(1+α)^?1Lip? _α (f), α∈(0,1]. On ?, the best bound for Lipschitz functions is \(\operatorname{Lip} ( Mf) \le (\sqrt{2} -1)\operatorname{Lip}( f)\). In higher dimensions, we determine the asymptotic behavior, as d→∞, of the norm of the maximal operator associated with cross-polytopes, Euclidean balls, and cubes, that is, ? _p balls for p=1,2,∞. We do this for arbitrary moduli of continuity. In the specific case of Lipschitz and Hölder functions, the operator norm of the maximal operator is uniformly bounded by 2^?α/q , where q is the conjugate exponent of p=1,2, and as d→∞ the norms approach this bound. When p=∞, best constants are the same as when p=1.     

The Betti polynomials of powers of an ideal

For an ideal I in a regular local ring or a graded ideal I in the polynomial ring we study the limiting behavior of as k goes to infinity. By Kodiyalam’s result it is known that β_i(S/I^k) is a polynomial for large k. We call these polynomials the Kodiyalam polynomials and encode the limiting behavior in their generating polynomial. It is shown that the limiting behavior depends only on the coefficients on the Kodiyalam polynomials in the highest possible degree. For these we exhibit lower bounds in special cases and conjecture that the bounds are valid in general. We also show that the Kodiyalam polynomials have weakly descending degrees and identify a situation where the polynomials all have the highest possible degree.     

Some Inequalities for Derivatives of Trigonometric and Algebraic Polynomials

We investigate inequalities for derivatives of trigonometric and algebraic polynomials in weighted L ^P spaces with weights satisfying the Muckenhoupt A _p condition. The proofs are based on an identity of Balázs and Kilgore [1] for derivatives of trigonometric polynomials. Also an inequality of Brudnyi in terms of rth order moduli of continuity ω_r will be given. We are able to give values to the constants in the inequalities.     

Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund type results in multivariate domains

We investigate Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund type inequalities for multivariate polynomials on various compact domains in \({\mathbb{R}^d}\). These inequalities provide a basic tool for the discretization of the L ^p norm and are widely used in the study of the convergence properties of Fourier series, interpolation processes and orthogonal expansions. Recently Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund type inequalities were verified for univariate polynomials for the general class of doubling weights, and for multivariate polynomials on the ball and sphere with doubling weights. The main goal of the present paper is to extend these considerations to more general multidimensional domains, which in particular include polytopes, cones, spherical sectors, toruses, etc. Our approach will rely on application of various polynomial inequalities, such as Bernstein–Markov, Schur and Videnskii type estimates, and also using symmetry and rotation in order to generate results on new domains.     

On the best approximations and rate of convergence of decompositions in the root vectors of an operator

We establish upper bounds of the best approximations of elements of a Banach space B by the root vectors of an operator A that acts in B. The corresponding estimates of the best approximations are expressed in terms of a K-functional associated with the operator A. For the operator of differentiation with periodic boundary conditions, these estimates coincide with the classical Jackson inequalities for the best approximations of functions by trigonometric polynomials. In terms of K-functionals, we also prove the abstract Dini-Lipschitz criterion of convergence of partial sums of the decomposition of f from B in the root vectors of the operator A to f     

Extrapolation from A∞ weights and applications

We generalize the A_p extrapolation theorem of Rubio de Francia to A_∞ weights in the context of Muckenhoupt bases. Our result has several important features. First, it can be used to prove weak endpoint inequalities starting from strong-type inequalities, something which is impossible using the classical result. Second, it provides an alternative to the technique of good-λ inequalities for proving L^p norm inequalities relating operators. Third, it yields vector-valued inequalities without having to use the theory of Banach space valued operators. We give a number of applications to maximal functions, singular integrals, potential operators, commutators, multilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators, and multiparameter fractional integrals. In particular, we give new proofs, which completely avoid the good-λ inequalities, of Coifman's inequality relating singular integrals and the maximal operator, of the Fefferman-Stein inequality relating the maximal operator and the sharp maximal operator, and the Muckenhoupt-Wheeden inequality relating the fractional integral operator and the fractional maximal operator.     

Pseudospectra, critical points and multiple eigenvalues of matrix polynomials

We develop a general framework for perturbation analysis of matrix polynomials. More specifically, we show that the normed linear space L_m(C^n×n) of n-by-n matrix polynomials of degree at most m provides a natural framework for perturbation analysis of matrix polynomials in L_m(C^n×n). We present a family of natural norms on the space L_m(C^n×n) and show that the norms on the spaces C^m+1 and C^n×n play a crucial role in the perturbation analysis of matrix polynomials. We define pseudospectra of matrix polynomials in the general framework of the normed space L_m(C^n×n) and show that the pseudospectra of matrix polynomials well known in the literature follow as special cases. We analyze various properties of pseudospectra in the unified framework of the normed space L_m(C^n×n). We analyze critical points of backward errors of approximate eigenvalues of matrix polynomials and show that each critical point is a multiple eigenvalue of an appropriately perturbed polynomial. We show that common boundary points of components of pseudospectra of matrix polynomials are critical points. As a consequence, we show that a solution of Wilkinson’s problem for matrix polynomials can be read off from the pseudospectra of matrix polynomials.