以尼罗红为探针对新型两亲性树枝形聚合物微环境的研究

本工作合成了一系列外围以三缩四乙二醇单甲醚修饰的烷基芳醚骨架两亲性树枝形聚合物Gn(n=0—3),化合物通过了¹H-NMR,IR和MALDI-TOF-MS的表征.利用吸收光谱,稳态和时间分辨荧光光谱研究了水溶液中Gn对尼罗红分子的增溶作用以及Gn内部微环境的极性.研究结果表明,高代数树枝形聚合物Gn对尼罗红具有更好的增溶效果.1—3代树枝形聚合物Gn内部疏水孔腔微环境极性随代数增加而逐渐降低,G1和G2树枝形聚合物具有相似的微环境极性,而由于构象的变化使G3具有更加疏水的微环境.     

荧光猝灭研究芳醚树枝形聚合物构象

本工作分别合成了外围修饰一个芘基团和核心修饰一个芘基团两个系列的芳醚树枝形聚合物Py-Gn-OH和Gn-CH₂-Py(n=1~4)。Py-Gn-OH和Gn-CH₂-Py的发光随代数增加而增强,荧光寿命增加。荧光猝灭实验结果表明,树枝形聚合物Py-Gn-OH和Gn-CH₂-Py的双分子猝灭速率常数均随代数增加而减小,表明树枝形聚合物发生了构象折叠,位于核心和外围的芘基团均被树枝形聚合物骨架包裹,随代数增加树枝形聚合物骨架增大,对芘基团包裹作用增强,导致猝灭剂接近芘基团的位阻增大。Gn-CH₂-Py体系的双分子猝灭速率常数均比相应代数Py-Gn-OH体系略小,说明树枝形聚合物骨架对连接在核心的芘基团的包裹程度比对连接在外围的芘基团略强。本工作为新型功能芳醚树枝形聚合物设计和应用提供了参考。     

水溶性树枝形聚合物微反应器笼效应研究

本工作以羧基为末端基团的芳醚树枝形聚合物G_n(n=1-4)和核心为十二烷基链的聚酰胺-胺树枝形聚合物PG_m(m=1-3)作为光化学微反应器,研究了1-苯基-3-对甲苯基丙酮在水溶液中的α-光解反应,并计算了笼效应.研究结果表明,芳醚树枝形聚合物G_n的笼效应随代数增加而增大,高代数树枝形聚合物表现出对底物分子更强的限制性作用,增加树枝形聚合物的浓度可以提高笼效应;聚酰胺-胺树枝形聚合物PG_m对CH₃-DBK的限制作用远低于芳醚树枝形聚合物G_n.     

芘和蒽作为荧光探针探测树枝形聚合物微环境

分别以芘和(9-蒽基)甲基三甲基溴化铵(An)作为荧光探针研究了一系列羧基为外围末端基团的芳醚树枝形聚合物Gn(n=1-4)的内部微环境极性及包结情况. 芘荧光I1/I3值在1-3代树枝形聚合物钾盐水溶液中变化不大, 而3到4代有一个陡降, 推测1-3代树枝形聚合物处于相对开放的结构, G4为相对密闭的球形结构, 4代树枝形聚合物表现出更好的包结特性. An在树枝形聚合物G2钾盐水溶液中的荧光光谱结果表明, 树枝形聚合物G2可以包结两个以上的An分子, An分子疏水的蒽环部分位于树枝形聚合物内部孔穴中, 而带正电荷的铵离子靠近树枝形聚合物分子的极性末端.     

原位反应法制备丙烯酸钐/丁腈橡胶复合材料及其荧光性能研究

通过两种不同的原位反应制备了丙烯酸钐/丁腈橡胶[Sm(AA)₃/NBR]复合材料.SEM和TEM结果表明,原位反应使稀土配合物的粒径减小,且均匀地分散在基体聚合物中.荧光分析表明,以260nm作为激发波长时,两种复合材料在379nm(⁴D_1/2,⁶P_7/2→⁶H_5/2)和418nm(⁴L_15/2,⁴G_1/2→⁶H_5/2)处出现了与自由离子基本相同的发射峰(374和390nm),属于受配体微扰的中心离子发光.原位反应制备的复合材料在不同激发波长下的荧光强度均比非原位反应体系的荧光强度高.随着稀土含量的增加,其荧光强度增加,至稀土质量分数为30%时出现荧光猝灭.     

芳醚双枝树枝形聚合物体系的设计合成及三重态能量传递和电子转移的研究

树枝形聚合物的结构特点和良好的可修饰性使其在模拟光捕获体系研究中受到广泛重视,本论文设计合成了两个系列的双枝芳醚树枝形聚合物,通过光物理以及光化学方法研究了芳醚树枝形聚合物体系三重态能量传递和三重态电子转移过程:1.设计合成了两个系列的芳醚树枝形聚合物体系.合成了1代到3代外围以二苯酮基团修饰、核心以降冰片二烯基团修饰的双枝芳醚树枝形聚合物([BP-Gn]₂-NBD,n=1-3)及相应的异构化产物([BP-Gn]₂-QC,n=1-3);合成了外围和核心分别修饰二苯酮和萘的双枝芳醚树枝形聚合物([BP-Gn]₂-NA,n=1-4),及相应的给体模型化合物([BP-Gn]₂-BEN,n=1-4),及相应的给体模型化合物([BP-Gn]-2BEN,n=1)4),共16个新化合物.     

尼罗红为探针对芳醚树枝形聚合物微环境的研究

本工作合成了一系列羧基为外围末端基团的芳醚树枝形聚合物Gn(n=1—4),利用吸收光谱,稳态和时间分辨荧光发射光谱研究了Gn对尼罗红分子的增溶作用和Gn微环境极性.研究结果表明,尼罗红在Gn中的溶解度随代数增加而增大,从G1到G4,尼罗红溶解度相比水中分别增加了3、35、47和215倍.Gn的微环境极性比水低,2-4代芳醚树枝形聚合物具有相似的微环境极性.     

外围准轮烷形成对萘修饰PAMAM树枝形聚合物光物理性质的调控

合成了1~3代外围修饰萘的聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树枝形聚合物Gn-NA,化合物通过了1H NMR,13C NMR,MALDI-TOF MS,IR的鉴定.稳态和时间分辨光物理研究表明,水溶液(含DMSO 0.3%~0.5%,V/V)中Gn-NA分子内相邻萘基团形成激基缔合物,猝灭了萘单体的荧光发射,随代数增加,对萘单体荧光猝灭作用增强.向体系中加入葫芦[7]脲(CB[7]),CB[7]与萘形成的准轮烷结构1∶1的包结复合物,1~3代Gn-NA中萘与CB[7]的结合常数分别为768,887和823 mol-1?L.准轮烷结构的形成抑制了分子内激基缔合物的生成,使单体荧光发射大大增强.本工作为可调控发光树枝形聚合物的发展提供了一种新的策略.     

磁性荧光双功能复合纳米粒子Fe3O4@SiO2@ZrO2:Tb3+的合成和表征

通过原位反应合成法成功合成了一种新型水溶性的磁性荧光复合纳米粒子Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ZrO₂:Tb³⁺,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、磁性测试仪和荧光(PL)光谱对其形貌、尺寸、相组成、磁性和荧光性能进行了表征。 结果表明,核(Fe₃O₄@SiO₂)壳(ZrO₂:Tb³⁺)结构组成的磁性荧光复合纳米粒子具有超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度达到36 emu/g,并且在494 nm(⁵D₄→⁷F₆)、549 nm(⁵D₄→⁷F₅)、587 nm(⁵D₄→⁷F₄)和625 nm(⁵D₄→⁷F₃)处具有4个Tb³⁺特有的荧光发射光谱带峰值。 磁性荧光双功能的复合纳米粒子在生物医学领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

基于芘修饰树枝形聚合物的水相温敏荧光传感体系

设计合成了外围芘修饰的质子化二代聚酰胺-胺树枝形聚合物G2 PAMAM-PyH.¹H NMR和紫外可见吸收光谱表征确定芘基团的上载率为100%.吸收光谱、动态光散射（DLS）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究结果表明,G2 PAMAM-PyH在水中形成平均粒径为184 nm双分子膜囊泡结构.水相中G2 PAMAM-PyH囊泡体系呈现芘单体和激基缔合物的双荧光发射,1~70℃范围内,随温度升高芘单体荧光逐渐增强,而芘激基缔合物发光单调减弱,荧光颜色由绿变蓝,芘激基缔合物与芘单体发光比（I_{495 nm}/I_{398 nm}）随温度变化具有良好的可重复性,符合公式I_{495 nm}/I_{398 nm}=28.23-0.68t+3.21×10^-3t²+1.83×10^-5t³,可用于水相体系内部温度梯度的表征,在1~70℃范围温度测量灵敏度高于0.9℃.本工作为温度荧光探针传感体系的构筑提供了一种新方法.     

Clustering of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and laser desorption mass spectrometry

The desorption/ionization behaviour of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and laser desorption (LD) mass spectrometry was studied by the solvent-free sample preparation method. As the understanding of the desorption/ionization mechanism in MALDI is normally hampered by the different ionization and desorption efficiencies of the analytes, this work was focused on the analyses of a homologous series of four hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) possessing virtually the same ionization efficiency: HBC parent, hexamethyl-hexabenzocoronene (HBC-C1), hexapropyl-hexabenzocoronene (HBC-C3) and hexakis(dodecyl)-hexabenzocoronene (HBC-C12). The different signal intensities obtained in their mass spectra can be related to differences in their desorption efficiencies, which are attributed to the different strengths of the intermolecular interactions between unsubstituted and alkylated HBCs in the solid state. The influence of the aromatic structure of PAHs on their photoionization/desorption probability was investigated. As a model system, an equimolar mixture composed of HBC-C12 and hexakis(dodecyl)-hexaphenylbenzene (HPB-C12) was chosen. The aromatic structures of both molecules and thus their absorption coefficients at the laser wavelength differ substantially and have a huge influence on their photoionization efficiency. The combined effect of laser light absorption and intermolecular interactions on the desorption/ionization behaviour of giant PAHs was further studied by using an equimolar mixture composed of a larger PAH (C(222)H(42)) and its dendritic precursor (C(222)H(150)). This mixture shows the opposite behaviour to that of the former example, because the balance between desorption and ionization efficiency has changed significantly. The present investigation should be of interest for providing a better understanding of MALDI and LD spectra obtained from natural PAH-containing samples, such as heavy oils, asphaltenes or pitches, for which our artificial mixtures represent suitable model systems.     

Nanoscale architectures for molecular electronics: vibrational spectroscopy and structure of solid hexa-n-dodecyl-hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene

The solid columnar discotic and liquid-crystalline phases formed by hexa-n-dodecyl-hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC-C12) have been investigated by IR and Raman vibrational spectroscopies. IR spectra clearly show the two phase transitions at 42 and at 107 degrees C already reported in literature and allow us to understand the conformational modifications of the n-alkyl chains that take place through the transitions. Thanks to the collected data, we propose a model of the structure of HBC-C12 in the solid-crystalline phase below 42 degrees C which includes the structure of the alkyl chains. This model is also confirmed by dichroic infrared microscopy measurements on highly oriented samples.     

HCB和HCB-的激发态光谱与态-态转化的理论研究

HCB是最简单的有机硼化合物，理论上已有少量研究，报导了部分激发态及其谐振动频率．关于HCB-及其异构体HBC-的研究未见报导．本文采用精确的量子化学计算方法，对它们的激发态性质、光谱和态一态转化进行了系统的研究，为实验上对这些物质的研究提供了一些有用的信息．计算采用极化的三Zeta基组（TZP）进行基态和激发态的构型优化与振动性质调查各电子态相关能估算应用基于多组态自洽场分子轨道的一级组态相互作用（FOCI／MCSCF）方法．计算过程中，考虑到对称性破裂（symmetrybrealling）的影响同，对存在对称性破裂的体系采用…     

Structure assignment in the solid state by the coupling of quantum chemical calculations with NMR experiments: a columnar hexabenzocoronene derivative.

We present a quantum chemical ab initio study which demonstrates a new combined experimental and theoretical approach, whereby a comparison of calculated and experimental (1)H NMR chemical shifts allows the elucidation of structural arrangements in solid-state molecular ensembles, taking advantage of the marked sensitivity of the (1)H chemical shift to intermolecular interactions. Recently, Brown et al. have shown that, under fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) at 35 kHz, the resolution in a (1)H NMR spectrum of the solid phase of an alkyl-substituted hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivative is sufficient to observe the hitherto unexpected resolution of three distinct aromatic resonances ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 6712). Exploiting the additional information about proton proximities provided by (1)H double-quantum (DQ) MAS NMR spectroscopy, it was shown that the results are qualitatively consistent with the aromatic cores packing in a manner similar to that in unsubstituted HBC. Using the HBC-C(12) molecule as an example, we show here that the new combined experimental and theoretical approach allows the observed (1)H chemical shifts to be related in a quantitative manner to the intermolecular structure. In the quantum chemical calculations, a series of model systems of stacked HBC oligomers are used. On account of the marked dependence of the (1)H chemical shift to ring currents arising from nearby aromatic rings, the calculated (1)H chemical shifts are found to be very sensitive to the stacking arrangement of the HBC molecules. Moreover, the ring current effect is found to be particularly long range, with a considerable influence of the second neighbor, at a distance of 700 pm, being observed.     

Oligomers of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes as "super-oligophenylenes": synthesis, electronic properties, and self-assembly

Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) is a remarkable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and is often called "superbenzene" because of its similarity to benzene. In this article we present the facile synthesis of oligomers of HBC, up to trimers (3, 4, 5a-c) with different modes of connection. UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy studies reveal that the oligomers are electronically decoupled. This arises from the small atomic orbital coefficients of the bridge-head carbon atoms, the large torsion angle between the HBC units, and the large distance of interacting transition dipoles due to the size of the HBC chromophore. For comparison, a methylene-bridged HBC dimer 6, so-called "superfluorene", was prepared. The induced planarity improves pi-conjugation and suppresses the geometrical relaxation of the backbone upon electronic excitation, leading to a prominent 0-0 transition band in the fluorescence spectra. The self-assembly of the oligomers and of superfluorene 6 was studied by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) in the bulk state, and ordered columnar stacking occurs in the HBC dimer 3, p-HBC trimer 4, and superfluorene 6. Measurements of shear-aligned samples show that, despite increasing aspects ratio by linear entrainment of disks, the anitropic element that is subject to alignment by shear is the supramolecular columns.     

Induced alignment of a solution-cast discotic hexabenzocoronene derivative for electronic devices investigated by surface X-ray diffraction

A surface X-ray diffraction study is presented showing that highly ordered and uniaxially aligned hexa(3,7-dimethyl-octanyl)hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC-C8,2) films can be fabricated by crystallization from solution onto friction-transferred poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) layers. Three crystalline HBC-C8,2 majority phases result. In all three phases, the HBC-C8,2 molecules self-organize into columns which are uniaxially aligned along the direction defined by the PTFE macromolecules of the substrate. The three phases are quite similar, the major difference being their orientation with respect to the substrate. A quasi-2D epitaxial growth mechanism with a grapho-epitaxial component for one of the three phases explains the formation of the three rotational HBC-C8,2 variants. A method to obtain a thin film with only one phase is proposed. The results show that standard THETAV;-2THETAV; X-ray diffraction and transmission electron diffraction can be very misleading tools to estimate the crystalline quality in a thin film of complex structure.     

B3N3 Borazine Substitution in Hexa‐peri‐Hexabenzocoronene: Computational Analysis and Scholl Reaction of Hexaphenylborazine

The doping of graphene molecules by borazine (B₃N₃) units may modify the electronic properties favorably. Therefore, the influence of the substitution of the central benzene ring of hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC, C₄₂H₁₈) by an isoelectronic B₃N₃ ring resulting in C₃₆B₃N₃H₁₈ (B3N3HBC) is investigated by computational methods. For comparison, the isoelectronic and isosteric all‐B/N molecule B₂₁N₂₁H₁₈ (termed BN) and its carbon derivative C₆B₁₈N₁₈H₁₈ (C6BN), obtained by substitution of a central B₃N₃ by a C₆ ring, are also studied. The substitution of C₆ in the HBC molecule by a B₃N₃ unit results in a significant change of the computed IR vibrational spectrum between 1400 and 1600 cm^?1 due to the polarity of the borazine core. The properties of the BN molecule resemble those of hexagonal boron nitride, and substitution of the central B₃N₃ ring by C₆ changes the computed IR vibrational spectrum only slightly. The allowed transitions to excited states associated with large oscillator strengths shift to higher energy upon going from HBC to B3N3HBC, but to lower energy upon going from BN to C6BN. The possibility of synthesis of B3N3HBC from hexaphenylborazine (HPB) using the Scholl reaction (CuCl₂/AlCl₃ in CS₂) is investigated. Rather than the desired B3N3HBC an insoluble and X‐ray amorphous polymer P is obtained. Its analysis by IR and ¹¹B magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy reveals the presence of borazine units. The changes in the ¹¹B quadrupolar coupling constant C_Q, asymmetry parameter η, and isotropic chemical shift δ_iso(¹¹B) with respect to HPB are in agreement with a structural model that includes B3N3HBC‐derived monomeric units in polymer P. This indicates that both intra‐ and intermolecular cyclodehydrogenation reactions take place during the Scholl reaction of HPB.     

Construction of an Internally B3N3‐Doped Nanographene Molecule

The synthesis of a hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) with a central borazine core is described. The solid‐state structure of this BN‐doped HBC (BN‐HBC) is isotypic with that of the parent HBC. Scanning tunneling microscopy shows that BN‐HBC lies flat on Au(111) in a two‐dimensional pattern.     

Structural evolution of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene adlayers in heteroepitaxy on n-pentacontane template monolayers

The growth and structure of self-assembled adlayers of hexakis(n-dodecyl)-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC-C12) adsorbed on highly ordered pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) decorated by an n-pentacontane (n-C50H102) monolayer have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Whereas on HOPG the HBC-C12 molecules readily self-assemble into a unique stable 2D structure, on the [n-C50H102 monolayer/graphite] system we observe morphological phase transitions with formation of time dependent alpha, beta, and gamma phases (alpha-->beta-->gamma). The initial alpha-phase is similar to that obtained on bare graphite, while intermediate beta- and final gamma-structures present molecular dimers and rows, respectively. The observed two-dimensional polymorphism is due to weak interaction between HBC-C12 molecules and n-C50H102-modified graphite substrate. Our results constitute an important step toward the control of the growth and structure of highly ordered monolayers of functional conjugated molecules by modifying the graphite surface with an n-alkane monolayer of appropriate chain length.     

The effect of electric field and Al doping on the sensitivity of hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene nanographene to chloropicrin

It has been previously reported that the recently synthesized hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) nanographene cannot detect toxic chloropicrin (CP) gas. To overcome this problem, we examined the effect of Al doping and applying an electric field on the sensitivity of HBC towards CP gas by means of density functional theory calculations. We found that the Al‐doping process significantly increases the adsorption energy of CP gas from ?7.1 to ?39.9 kcal mol^?1 but decreases the sensitivity of HBC. By applying an electric field, the HBC is polarized with two different electrostatic potentials on its different surfaces, which increases the adsorption energy. By increasing the electric field strength, the adsorption energy and electronic sensitivity of HBC are increased. We predicted that in the presence of an electric field of about ?0.025 au, HBC can act as an electronic senor or a work function‐type sensor with a short recovery time. At this field, the electrical conductivity of HBC is significantly increased on CP adsorption which generates an electrical signal. Increasing the electric field to higher intensities is not favourable because of increasing recovery times, and decreasing it to lower intensities reduces the sensitivity of HBC.