共沸蒸馏法制备表面化学改性氢氧化镁纳米颗粒

首次将表面改性剂如硬脂酸、硬脂酸锌或稀土偶联剂加入到传统的共沸蒸馏体系中,使Mg(OH)2纳米颗粒的表面改性和干燥过程同时完成。 通过 XRD、TEM、FT-IR、TG和CAM（接触角测试）等技术手段对样品的结构、形貌和性质进行了表征。 结果表明,表面改性剂不但能够和Mg(OH)2纳米颗粒的表面的OH-离子发生化学反应形成表面修饰层, 减少硬团聚现象,而且还使纳米颗粒表面由亲水性变为疏水性。 另外,对共沸蒸馏法制备表面改性纳米颗粒的机理进行了讨论,为纳米颗粒表面改性提供了一种新思路。     

纳米氧化锌的合成及表面改性

以硫酸锌、尿素为原料,采用均相沉淀法合成了纳米氧化锌.研究了硬脂酸对所制的纳米氧化锌粉体表面改性的机理及其对粉体亲油性的影响.实验结果表明,硬脂酸中的羧基与纳米氧化锌粉体颗粒表面的羟基发生了酯化反应,并在表面形成单分子膜.经过表面改性的纳米氧化锌由亲水性转化为亲油性.同时,就纳米氧化锌粉体硬脂酸表面改性反应,探讨了反应摩尔分数、反应温度和反应时间对产物的影响,从而筛选出粉体亲油性最大的反应条件为:硬脂酸质量分数为7%;反应温度为50℃;反应时间为1h.     

硬脂酸改性β-TCP的分析测定及其PLLA复合纳米纤维膜性能研究

采用硬脂酸对β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)进行表面改性,并研究了β-TCP与硬脂酸的界面作用,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)以及X光电子能谱(XPS)对改性前后β-TCP的形貌、热失重和表面基团进行表征;采用静电纺丝法制备不同质量配比的β-TCP/PLLA和改性β-TCP/PLLA复合纳米纤维膜,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察复合膜的形貌,并研究其力学性能。结果表明,硬脂酸包覆在β-TCP表面,改性后的β-TCP具有一定疏水性,硬脂酸的H+可与β-TCP中PO3-4的1个O发生质子化反应形成—OH;硬脂酸改性减轻了β-TCP微粒的团聚,可以得到连续均匀的纤维,改性后的β-TCP/PLLA复合纳米纤维膜的力学性能较改性前有明显提高。     

多孔α-Al_2O_3载体上Silicalite-1膜的表面改性与选择性透醇分析

分别使用十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷(DMS)和硬脂酸(STA)对α-Al2O3载体上二次生长合成的silicalite-1膜进行修饰,提高其表面疏水性。红外光谱和接触角测试结果表明,改性剂以化学键的形式结合于分子筛膜表面,膜表面由亲水变为疏水。表面改性的最佳预处理温度为150℃,改性剂的最佳质量分数为10%。进一步研究了膜表面润湿特性和热稳定性,其中DMS改性后的分子筛膜在空气中经250℃高温处理后仍保持疏水性不变。在乙醇/水分离应用中,高温脱除模板剂后缺陷的孔径分布在1~5nm,表面改性后乙醇分离因子较改性前提高5倍,最高可达21.6。     

机械力化学法疏水改性高岭土

以含氢硅油为表面改性剂,用机械力化学法改性高岭土.研究了影响高岭土疏水改性效果的相关因素,并对改性后高岭土进行了IR,BET,TEM和接触角等表征.结果表明,含氢硅油改性剂的加入量对高岭土疏水性能影响很大,存在一个最佳值.当油料比为1:30时,改性高岭土粉体粒度较小,分散均匀,改性后高岭土对水的接触角可达155.98 °.此接触角数值远超过改性剂含氢硅油本身和水的接触角,对这一现象进行了深入讨论.     

粉煤灰/硅橡胶复合材料的性能研究

以粉煤灰为填料,采用Si-69、钛酸酯和硬脂酸三种偶联剂对其进行表面处理,采用红外光谱仪和扫描电镜分析了改性前后粉煤灰的表面结构和形貌,而后将粉煤灰添加到硅橡胶中,比较粉煤灰改性前后复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能。实验结果表明:红外光谱证实三种偶联剂改变了粉煤灰的表面结构,SEM观察到改性后粉煤灰的比表面积得到了提高;改性粉煤灰/硅橡胶复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能比未改性的粉煤灰/硅橡胶复合材料得到了较大的提高。当添加量为1%的硬脂酸改性粉煤灰/硅橡胶复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能最佳。     

多孔α-Al2O3载体上Silicalite-1膜的表面改性与选择性透醇分析

十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷（DMS）和硬脂酸（STA）对α-Al₂O₃载体上二次生长合成的silicalite-1膜进行修饰来提高其表面疏水性。红外光谱和接触角测试结果表明,改性后改性剂以化学键的形式结合于分子筛膜表面,膜表面由亲水变为疏水。表面改性的最佳预处理温度为150℃,改性剂的最佳质量分数为10%。进一步研究了膜表面润湿特性和热稳定性之间的关系,其中DMS改性后的分子筛膜在空气中经250℃高温处理后仍保持疏水性不变。在乙醇/水分离应用中,高温脱除模板剂后缺陷的孔径分布在1~5nm时,表面改性后乙醇分离因子较改性前可提高5倍,最高可达21.6。     

聚氯乙烯/木纤维复合材料的研究Ⅰ.硬脂酸和ABS改性木纤维对复合材料力学性能的影响

为改善聚氯乙烯（PVC）和木纤维两者的界面亲合性，提高PVC／木纤维复合材料的机械力学性能，分别用硬脂酸和ABS来改性木纤维的表面，研究发现用硬脂酸处理木纤维可提高复合材料的拉伸强度，但对复合材料的冲击强度影响不大．ABS处理木纤维可同时提高复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度。本文也研究了改性剂用量和木纤维含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。     

表面改性的纳米氧化锌的制备及其吸收特性

自从８０年代Ｍａｊｉｅｖｉｅ的单分散超微粒合成技术取得成功以来［１,２］,制备单分散、不团聚的纳米材料一直是热门课题．纳米粒子的团聚会给制备、稳定化贮存及再复合时的均匀分散和高密度素胚的形成带来极大的困难［３］．本文报导了用超声微乳液法制备表面改性的单分散纳米氧化锌的条件,并对其光吸收特性研究时发现,不同的表面活性剂包覆会改变纳米材料的光吸收特性．１实验部分１．１纳米氧化锌的制备 将环己烷、醋酸丁酯及反应物水溶液分别用０．４５μｍ的超滤膜过滤,得到纯化试剂． １）将 ０． ２－０． ５ ｍＬ的 ０． ５…     

硅铝氧化物二元包覆钛白粉颗粒的有机改性

在二元包覆SiO₂,Al₂O₃薄膜的基础上,用钛酸酯偶联剂、硅烷偶联剂及三乙醇胺、季戊四醇对亚微米TiO₂颗粒表面进行有机改性.考察了改性条件对颗粒表面改性结果的影响.通过疏水性试验和润湿性试验对改性前后TiO₂颗粒的表面特性进行了表征.高温裂解色谱、热重分析、X光电子能谱的测试结果表明,不同改性剂与颗粒表面存在不同程度的化学键合作用.分析了改性剂在颗粒表面的包覆状态与结构.     

Preparation and UV-light Absorption Property of Oleic Acid Surface Modified ZnO Nanoparticles

Syntheses of zince oxide(ZnO) nanoparticles by direct precipitation and surface modification with oleic acid were reported. ZnO nanoparticles were characterized via X-ray diffractometry(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), infrared spectroscopy(IR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The prepared ZnO nanoparticles were nearly spherical and highly crystalline with an average size of 29 nm. In addition, high UV-light absorption properties of oleic acid surface modified ZnO nanoparticles were successfully obtaine...     

Starch nanocrystals with large chain surface modifications

Nanoscale monocrystalline starch particles were successfully modified using stearic acid chloride and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether. Surface modification was confirmed using FTIR, XPS spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. X-ray diffraction and DSC analysis confirmed that there was no alteration of the starch crystalline structure due to the surface modification. The grafts at the starch surface were also found to crystallize on the surface. TEM showed the individualization of nanoparticles as a result of the reduction of polar and hydrogen bonding forces. These results show our ability to modify the starch nanocrystal surface with plasticizing chains. Modified nanoparticles can find applications as compatibilized polymer additives, surface-active particles, and co-continuous nanocomposite precursors.     

高效光催化活性钠米农药制剂的制备

采用钛酸丁酯水解法制备出直径约为20 nm的纳米TiO2,并用钛酸丁酯对其进行改性。研究表明TiO2与硬脂酸事实上通过化学键键合,由亲水性变为亲油性。文中还提出了三种制备TiO2复合纳米农药制剂的方案,并探讨了几种TiO2复合纳米农药制剂在不同条件下的光催化降解率。结果表明,采用钛酸丁酯为原料直接在农药乳油中原位生成的TiO2复合纳米农药制剂与原农药性状保持基本一致,光催化降解率最大。     

油分散性氧化锌纳米微粒的制备及表征

采用直接沉淀法制备了异丁酸修饰纳米氧化锌微粒，用XRD、TEM、XPS、IR、UV-Vis、PL等检测手段对样品进行结构表征。结果表明：所制的样品为纤锌矿结构的氧化锌颗粒，粒度约为20 nm，异丁酸分子与表面锌原子以双齿螯合的形式结合。 Zn(II)2p_3/2的结合能与Zn的标准峰位相比，向低结合能方向移动了1.5 eV，其在可见光区比紫外区的荧光发射显著增强。分散性实验表明，样品在有机溶剂中有良好的分散性。     

碳纳米管的化学修饰以及作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

采用硫酸和硝酸混合酸对催化裂解法(CVD法)制备的多壁碳纳米管(MWNNTs)进行纯化,然后运用硬脂酸对碳纳米管进行表面修饰,并研究了硬脂酸修饰后的碳纳米管的表面状况以及作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学行为．实验结果表明,在硫酸催化剂作用下,通过酯化反应碳纳米管能够被硬脂酸包覆,并且硬脂酸修饰的碳纳米管作为润滑油添加剂能够显著提高基础油的减摩抗磨性能,当添加量为0．15％左右时,润滑油的减摩抗磨性能最佳,与基础油相比可以使摩擦系数下降10％左右,磨损量下降30％～60％．     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles by surface modification with KF using thermal shock method

ZnO nanoparticles were modified with KF using thermal shock method at various temperatures in order to improve the photocatalytic activity of ZnO under both UVA and visible light irradiation. The influences of KF-modification on the crystal structure, morphology, UV–visible absorption, specific surface area as well as surface structure of ZnO were respectively characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, UV–Visible diffuse reflectance, N₂ adsorption and XPS spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated via the degradation of methylene blue under UVA irradiation. According to the results, the thermal shock process with KF did not modify the structure, the particle size and the optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles but successfully increase their UVA and visible light induced photocatalytic activity. This enhancement of activity may be attributed to the increase of surface hydroxyl groups and zinc vacancies of modified ZnO samples.     

Investigations on the surface modification of ZnO nanoparticle photocatalyst by depositing Pd

In this paper, ZnO nanoparticle photocatalysts were modified by depositing Pd on their surfaces with a photoreduction method. We mainly investigated the modification mechanisms as well as the effects on the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles of deposited Pd by means of XPS and SPS (Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy), and the effects of Pd content on SPS responses were also discussed from the point of the electronic energy level. The results showed that the content of crystal lattice oxygen on the surface of ZnO nanoparticle decreased after an appropriate amount of Pd was deposited, while that of adsorbed oxygen increased, indicating that Pd was mainly deposited on the crystal lattice oxygen. At the same time, the intensity of SPS responses of ZnO nanoparticles remarkably decreased. In addition, the activity of ZnO nanoparticles could be greatly improved by depositing an appropriate amount of Pd in the gas phase photocatalytic oxidation of n-C₇H₁₆. Thus, it could be concluded that the increase in surface content of adsorbed oxygen could facilitate the photocatalytic reaction, and there were close relationships between the SPS response and photocatalytic activity, i.e. the weaker the SPS response, the higher the photocatalytic activity, of Pd-deposited ZnO nanoparticles.     

Enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of modified ZnO nanoparticles with manganese additive

ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions (T = 150 °C, P = autogenous, experimental duration = 18 h). Manganese was added as an additive to ZnO nanoparticles in different molar percentages. In situ surface-modification was successfully carried out for these manganese-added ZnO nanoparticles using n-butylamine as a surface modifier. The modified manganese-added ZnO nanoparticulates are hydrophilic in nature and are well dispersed in various solvents. The modified nanoparticles were characterized using powder XRD, FTIR, SEM, Zeta potential, and UV?CVis spectrophotometry. The characterization results indicated tailoring of the morphology and size of the nanoparticles, and changing the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles synthesized. The SEM results show that the surface modified manganese-added ZnO nanoparticles have a very thin layer of organic coverage around the inorganic nanoparticles, thus, giving rise to hybrid nanoparticles. The photodegradation of Brilliant Blue dye under sunlight showed the higher efficiency of the modified manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles compared to the reagent-grade ZnO.