Tail asymptotics of the queue size distribution in the M/M/m retrial queue

We consider an M/M/m retrial queue and investigate the tail asymptotics for the joint distribution of the queue size and the number of busy servers in the steady state. The stationary queue size distribution with the number of busy servers being fixed is asymptotically given by a geometric function multiplied by a power function. The decay rate of the geometric function is the offered load and independent of the number of busy servers, whereas the exponent of the power function depends on the number of busy servers. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the result.     

对教材中0~0型极限内容的建议

"00型是一种结果不确定的类型,并且可以使用洛必达法则来转化解决"是高等数学大纲要求中的一个重点.现行"高等数学"教材和参考书中都指出了这一点,但给出的有关00型极限的例子和习题的结果都为1.这严重影响了教学效果和教学目的.通过实例可对该内容的教学和教材组织提供一种富有建设性的建议.     

样条指函数

提出了指性表示的概念,证明了函数系1,x,x2,…,xn,x-x1n+,x-x2n+,…,x-xNn+为n次样条指函数集合Sn(x1,x2,…,xN)的指基.给出了应用样条指函数求最大似然估计量的例子.     

知识的多重粗识别与专家会诊

介绍了知识的粗识别,指出了正域和负域的性质,给出了R-独立粗识别与多重共商粗识别的关系,在粗集中建立了专家会诊的理论依据.     

Self-similar turbulent boundary layer in pressure gradient

Self-similar flows in a turbulent boundary layer when the free-stream velocity is specified as a power function of longitudinal coordinate are investigated. The self-similar formulation not only simplifies solving of the problem by reducing the equations of motion to ordinary differential equations but also provides a mean for formulating closure conditions. It is shown that for the class of flows under consideration that depend on three governing parameters the dimensionless mixing length is a function of the normalised distance from the wall and the exponent in the law specifying the free-stream velocity distribution in the outer region and a universal function of local Reynolds number in the wall region, the latter corollary being true even when the skin friction vanishes. In calculations this function is set to be independent of pressure gradient, which gives the results very close to experimental data. There exist four different self-similar flow regimes. Each regime is related to its similarity parameter, one of which is the well-known Clauser equilibrium parameter and the other three are established for the first time. In case of adverse pressure gradient when the exponent lies within certain limits, which depend on Reynolds number, the problem has two solutions with different values of the boundary layer thickness and skin friction, which points out the possibility of hysteresis in near-separating flow. Separation occurs not at the minimum value of the exponent that corresponds to the strongest adverse pressure gradient but at a higher one whose dependence on Reynolds number is calculated in the paper. The results of the theory are in good agreement with experimental data. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

正Fibonacci数的标准分解式中因子5的指数

根据Fibonacci数列的定义,利用初等数论的知识和数学归纳法,讨论了正Fibonacci数Fn的标准分解式中因子5的指数与下标n的关系,得到下列结论:正Fibonacci数Fn的标准分解式中因子5的指数,与下标n的标准分解式中因子5的指数一致.     

A Shannon-McMillan theorem for motley names

The Shannon-McMillan theorem tells us the number of “typical” outcomes of an experiment in which one observes some discrete-valued function of an ergodic dynamical system for many time-steps; it also tells us that most such outcomes are roughly equally likely. Here it is shown that the same uniformity holds when several different measurements are made on the system over the course of time, provided that each sort of measurement is made many times in direct succession.     

Dihedral crossed products of exponent 2 are abelian

We prove that assuming enough roots of unity in the base field, a central simple algebra of exponent 2 which is split by a dihedral group, is also split by certain abelian groups.     

Determinants and Algebraic Identities Associated with the Root Systems of Classical Lie Algebras

Burnside asked questions about periodic groups in his influential paper of 1902. The study of groups with exponent six is a special case of the study of the Burnside questions on which there has been significant progress. It has contributed a number of worthwhile aspects to the theory of groups and in particular to computation related to groups. Finitely generated groups with exponent six are finite. We investigate the nature of relations required to provide proofs of finiteness for some groups with exponent six. We give upper and lower bounds for the number of sixth powers needed to define the largest 2-generator group with exponent six. We solve related questions about other groups with exponent six using substantial computations which we explain.     

Sharp Hölder continuity of the Lyapunov exponent of finitely differentiable quasi-periodic cocycles

Mathematische Zeitschrift - We show that if the base frequency is Diophantine, then the Lyapunov exponent of a $$C^{k}$$ quasi-periodic $$SL(2,{\mathbb {R}})$$ cocycle is...     

Minimal varieties of algebras of exponential growth

The exponent of a variety of algebras over a field of characteristic zero has been recently proved to be an integer. Through this scale we can now classify all minimal varieties of given exponent and of finite basic rank. As a consequence, we describe the corresponding T-ideals of the free algebra and we compute the asymptotics of the related codimension sequences, verifying in this setting some known conjectures. We also show that the number of these minimal varieties is finite for any given exponent. We finally point out some relations between the exponent of a variety and the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of the corresponding relatively free algebras of finite rank.     

Mixing properties of modified additive generators

We develop amatrix-graph approach to estimating themixing properties of bijective shift registers over a set of binary vectors. Such shift registers generalize, on the one hand, the class of ciphers based on the Feistel network and, on the other hand, the class of transformations of additive generators (the additive generators are the base for the Fish, Pike, andMush algorithms). It is worth noting that the original schemes of additive generators are found insecure due to their weak mixing properties. The article contains the results of investigations for the mixing properties of modified additive generators. For the mixing directed graph of a modified additive generator, we define the sets of arcs and cycles, obtain primitivity conditions, and give a bound for the exponent. We show that, the determination of parameters for the modified additive generator allows us to achieve a full mixing in a number of iterations that is substantially less than the number of vertices in the mixing digraph.     

On differentiability with respect to the initial data of the solution to an SDE with a Lévy noise and discontinuous coefficients

We construct a stochastic flow generated by an stochastic differential equation with its drift being a function of bounded variation and its noise being a stable process with exponent from (1,2). It is proved that the flow is non-coalescing and Sobolev differentiable with respect to the initial data. The representation for the derivative is given.     

Prime Factors

<正>In mathematics,every positive integer has a single unique prime factorization.The process of determining these factors is called integer factorization.Today we will talk about"Prime Factors".Find the prime factorization of a composite number,and find the way to integer factorization.When two or more numbers are multiplied,each number is called a factor of the product.     

The Semimodularity of Cardinal Power of Posets

LetX,Ybeanyposets,Y'denotethecardinalpowerwithbaseYandexponentX.Fortherelatedconceptslsymbolsorterminologies,seeF1],[2jor[3].lnL1],someexamplesaregaven,whichshowthatthesemimodularityofX,YandYxareindepentent.AndaquestionisaskedthatwhenthecardinalpowerYxwithbaseYandexpo-nentXissemimodular.Wenowanswerthequestioninthispaper.LemmaLetX,Ybeanyposets,f,geyx,thenthefollowingconditionsareequivalent:(l)fiscoveredbyg(denotedbyf,g);(2)Thereexists'anelementxoeX,suchthatf(x,),g(x,),andf(x)=g(x)(foran…     

随机非线性物价模型的最优控制

将政府对价格系统的宏观调控作为外部控制力,建立受控的随机非线性物价模型;利用拟Hamilton系统随机平均法和随机动态规划原理的非线性随机控制策略对系统实施最优控制,控制目标是实现系统的稳定性变大;并通过对比控制前后的Lyapunov指教值说明了控制的有效性.     

Orbits of points on certain K3 surfaces

In this paper we show that, for a K3 surface within a certain class of surfaces and over a number field, the orbit of a point under the group of automorphisms is either finite or its exponent of growth is exactly the Hausdorff dimension of a fractal associated to the ample cone. In particular, the exponent depends on the geometry of the surface and not its arithmetic. For surfaces in this class, the exponent is 0.6527±0.0012.     

Non-perturbative positive Lyapunov exponent of Schrödinger equations and its applications to skew-shift mapping

We first study the discrete Schrödinger equations with analytic potentials given by a class of transformations. It is shown that if the coupling number is large, then the Lyapunov exponent equals approximately to the logarithm of this coupling number. When the transformation becomes the skew-shift mapping, we prove that the Lyapunov exponent is weak Hölder continuous, and the spectrum satisfies Anderson Localization and contains large intervals. Moreover, all of these conclusions are non-perturbative.     

Uniqueness and nonuniqueness of the solution to the problem of determining the source in the heat equation

An initial–boundary value problem for the two-dimensional heat equation with a source is considered. The source is the sum of two unknown functions of spatial variables multiplied by exponentially decaying functions of time. The inverse problem is stated of determining two unknown functions of spatial variables from additional information on the solution of the initial–boundary value problem, which is a function of time and one of the spatial variables. It is shown that, in the general case, this inverse problem has an infinite set of solutions. It is proved that the solution of the inverse problem is unique in the class of sufficiently smooth compactly supported functions such that the supports of the unknown functions do not intersect. This result is extended to the case of a source involving an arbitrary finite number of unknown functions of spatial variables multiplied by exponentially decaying functions of time.