新型螯合树脂研究（Ⅰ）：以聚硫醚为主链伯胺型树脂的合成…

利用Ｇａｂｒｉｅｌ反应以聚环硫氯丙烷为起始物合成４种新型的以聚硫主链的伯胺型树脂，研究了树脂的合成条件及吸附性能。这些树脂对贵金属离子有很高的吸附容量，其中每克树脂对Ａｕ（Ⅲ）的吸附容量达到５－７ｍｍｏｌ，对Ａｇ＾＋的为７－９ｍｍｏｌ；而对贱金属离子吸附甚少，可望用于贵金属离子Ａｕ（Ⅲ）和Ａｇ＾＋的分离与富集。     

吸附条件对活性碳纤维SACF氧化还原吸附Ag^＋的影响

本文研究了吸附条件对活性碳纤维ＳＡＣＦ氧化还原吸附Ａｇ＾＋的影响。结果表明：Ａｇ＾＋初始浓度的提高，反应温度的升高均可提高ＳＡＣＦ对Ａｇ＾＋的吸附量；Ａｇ＾＋的吸附量还强烈地依赖于溶液的ＰＨ值，用ＮａＡＣ、ＨＡＣ＋ＮａＡＣ或ＮＨ３．Ｈ２Ｏ调高Ａｇ＾＋溶液的ＰＨ，可有效地增加ＳＡＣＦ对Ａｇ＾＋的吸附量；用ＮＨ３．Ｈ２Ｏ调节会再现一个最佳的ＰＨ值；通过增加ＳＡＣＦ用量，Ａｇ＾＋的吸附率可达９９％以上。     

罂粟碱的吸附伏安行为的研究

在ＮＨ３－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ底液中，罂粟碱在汞电极上有一一线性扫描还原峰，峰电位Ｅｐｃ＝－１．４４（ｖｓ．ｓａｔ．Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ）。该峰具有明显的吸附性。当ＰＡＰ浓度较小时，扫速较快，搅拌富集时间较长时，电极反应完全为吸附态的ＰＡＰ的还原所控制。     

螯合树脂富集—激光气化等离子体发射光谱测定地质样品中铂族元素和金

采用含Ｎ，Ｓ功能团的螯合树脂ＹＰＡ４富集铂族元素和金。Ａｕ，Ｐｔ，Ｐｄ，Ｏｓ的吸附率为９８％以上，Ｉｒ为９２％，Ｒｕ为９０％，Ｒｈ为８７％。把树脂灰化，用激光将其灰份气化输入等离子体激发，光谱测定。取样５ｇ时，可测定０．２ｎｇ／ｇ的Ａｕ，０．６ｎｇ／ｇ的Ｏｓ，Ｉｒ，０．０６ｎｇ／ｇ的Ｐｔ，Ｐｄ，Ｒｈ，Ｒｕ。标样分析结果与标准植吻合。     

甲醇燃料车尾气净化催化剂的研究Ⅱ.甲醇深度氧化用银催化剂上吸附物种的原位红外研究

利用原位红外技术研究了ＣＨ３ＯＨ，ＣＯ，Ｏ２等在５％Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３上的吸附情况及ＣＨ３ＯＨ和Ｏ２共吸附时表面物种的变化．结果表明，在表面纯净的Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上，甲醇的解离吸附仅发生在γＡｌ２Ｏ３上；表面预吸附氧后，可大大增强Ａｇ对ＣＨ３ＯＨ的解离吸附，当吸附的［ＣＨ３Ｏ］与［Ｏ］在Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３上相互作用时，出现吸附态甲醛、甲二氧基、甲酸根等中间物种．Ｏ２在Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３上存在非解离吸附（Ｏ－２），在真空中较易脱附，但在氧气氛下可于１００℃时稳定存在．     

聚乙烯醇存在下以硝酸铁代替铁铵矾用Volhard法测定银和氯离子

１引言Ｖｏｌｈａｒｄ法以铁铵矾作指示剂，终点不够敏锐。尤其是直接滴定Ａｇ＋时，ＡｇＳＣＮ沉淀易吸附Ａｇ＋而导致终点提前；返滴定Ｃｌ－时ＡｇＣｌ沉淀易转化为ＡｇＳＣＮ，使终点颜色闪而褪去难于观察，分析结果偏低。虽用有机溶剂（如硝基苯）可促进ＡｇＣｌ沉淀凝聚与溶剂化而减缓ＡｇＣｌ的转化，但有机溶剂多数有毒使测定条件恶化．作者提出以聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）化学修饰ＡｇＳＣＮ、ＡｇＣｌ沉淀的结构，阻止ＡｇＳＣＮ对Ａｇ＋的吸附与ＡｇＣｌ的转化，用硝酸铁代替铁铵矾指示滴定终点测定Ａｇ＋、Ｃｌ－的方法。本法比经典Ｖ…     

云南凤庆绿茶自溶液中对Ag^＋的吸附

研究了凤庆绿茶自溶液中对Ａｇ＋的吸附特性。绘制了吸附速度曲线，并求出了Ｌａｎｇ－ｍｕｉｒ和Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ方程中的有关参数。考察了温度、ｐＨ值对吸附的影响以及酸、碱和不同配合剂对Ａｇ＋的解吸附作用。结果表明，吸附具有以化学吸附为主的Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ单分子层吸附特征，０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２Ｓ２Ｏ３溶液可定量地解吸Ａｇ＋     

萃取色层富集原子吸收光谱法测定环境水中痕量铜

利用固定有１－（２－吡啶偶氮）－２－萘酚（ＰＡＮ）的活性硅胶萃取色层法富集环境水中痕量铜,０．１ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１盐酸－５０ｇ．Ｌ＾－１硫脲体系作为洗脱剂,火焰原子吸收史谱法测定。研究了富集剂的吸附容量,最佳吸附条件,洗脱条件,试验表明,该富集剂使用寿命长达１５次,富集倍数达２００倍。     

大黄素的吸附溶出伏安研究

研究了大黄素在甲醇、二氧六环和水的混合溶剂中以１％硼砂为支持电解质在静汞电极上的吸附伏安行为。建立了用微分脉冲吸附溶出伏安法测定其含量的新方法。在－０３０Ｖ（ｖｓＡｇ／ＡｇＣｌ）电位下吸附富集，可得一灵敏的还原溶出峰，峰电位－０７５Ｖ，浓度在５×１０－８～５×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内与峰电流具有良好的线性关系，最低检出限为１×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。该法用于含有大黄素体系的测定简便、快速、可靠。     

活性氧化铝富集火焰原子吸收法测定铬（Ⅲ）和铬（Ⅵ）

研究了内装活性氧化铝的微型柱流动注射富集分离火焰原子吸收光谱法（Ｆｌ－ＦＡＡＳ）测定水体中μｇ／Ｌ级的Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）。用０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ氨水将活性氧化铝转为碱式以吸附Ｃｒ（Ⅲ），１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硝酸洗脱；用０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的硝酸将活性氧化铝转为酸式以吸附Ｃｒ（Ⅵ），０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的氨水洗脱，洗脱液直接送到喷雾器中。进样３０ｓ，浓度富集２５倍。两种价态离子的校正曲线浓度范围在１～５０μｇ／Ｌ之间，检测限分别为０．６和０．７μｇ／Ｌ，样品分析速率为６０样／ｈ。研究了共存离子的干扰情况，实际水样中的加标回收率在８５％～１０５％之间。     

基于基团贡献法和分子动力学预测聚间苯二甲酰对苯二胺的玻璃化转变温度

采用基团贡献法(GC)和分子动力学法(MD)模拟了聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维(MPDI)和聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA)的玻璃化转变温度, 并与实验值进行了对比. 结果表明, 使用基团贡献法和分子动力学法测得的MPDI和PPTA的玻璃化转变温度与实验值接近, 说明基团贡献法和分子动力学法可以用来预测芳香族聚酰胺的玻璃化转变温度. 在此基础上, 采用GC和MD预测了聚间苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPIA)的玻璃化转变温度. 在MD模拟中, 对密度、 比体积、 回转半径和非键相互作用随温度的变化规律进行了分析. 结果表明, 自由体积理论能较好地解释PPIA的玻璃化转变现象, 其中非键相互作用随温度的变化是玻璃化转变的本质原因. PPIA的玻璃化转变温度介于MPDI和PPTA之间, 有望成为综合性能介于两者之间的另一种高性能聚酰胺.     

Toward a comprehensive understanding of textiles functionalized with silver nanoparticles

This article provides a comprehensive understanding of development of textiles functionalized with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). There are three established methods to fabricate textiles functionalized with AgNPs, namely, solution‐immersion, layer‐by‐layer deposition, and sonochemical. In addition, several textile types such as cotton, wool, polyester, silk, cotton/polyester blend, polyamide, and regenerated cellulose have been used for the fabrication. The AgNP deposition mechanism on textiles is mainly due to electrostatic interaction between AgNPs and textile constituents. It was exhibited that the deposition of AgNPs on textiles can transform their textiles colors. In addition, it was demonstrated that the deposition of AgNPs on textiles is not permanent, particularly against washing treatment. Textiles modified with AgNPs have several promising applications such as antibacterial, antifungal, catalyst, electronic devices, water treatment, sun protection, air treatment, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, which are comprehensively discussed in this article. Future challenges in fabricating textiles functionalized with AgNPs remain on how this can be carried out to improve long‐term stabilization of AgNPs on textiles to achieve their permanent deposition by employing greener approaches.     

Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles deposited on corona‐treated polyester and polyamide fabrics

The possibility of using a corona treatment (electrical discharge at atmospheric pressure) for fiber surface activation, which can facilitate the loading of silver nanoparticles (NPs) from colloids onto the polyester (PES) and polyamide (PA) fabrics and thus improve their antibacterial properties, was studied. Bactericidal efficiency and its laundering durability on silver‐loaded fabrics for Gram‐positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli were evaluated. The fiber morphology after corona treatment and subsequent loading of silver NPs was followed by SEM. Corona‐treated fabrics loaded with silver NPs exhibited better antibacterial properties in comparison with untreated fabrics. In order to obtain acceptable laundering durability, it is necessary to use highly concentrated silver colloids. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

银表面甲醇氧化反应机理的ab initio计算研究 1: 银表面静态吸附物种的几何构型和吸附性质

本文用原子簇模型(CM)的从头计算方法, 计算了银表面甲醇氧化反应中的静态吸附物种的优化几何构型及吸附性质。计算表明在清洁银表面甲醇、甲醛只存在物理吸附; 当表面存在吸附氧原子时, 甲醇可在银表面形成两种分子态吸附;甲醛与表面羟基OH(a)或氢原子H(a)共存时在银表面能够形成化学吸附, 且CH2O(a)极易与O(a)反应生成深度氧化中间体η^2-甲二氧基; 中间产物甲氧基在无氧的银表面能够形成稳定吸附, 在富氧银表面极易进一步氧化脱氢生成产物甲醛。通过计算与实验结果的对照, 我们对反应机理作了初步讨论。     

Cysteine cyclic pyrrole-imidazole polyamide for sequence-specific recognition in the DNA minor groove

Pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides are small DNA-binding molecules that can recognize predetermined DNA sequences with high affinity and specificity. Hairpin PI polyamides have been studied intensively; however, cyclic PI polyamides have received less attention, mainly because of difficulties with their synthesis. Here, we describe a novel cyclization method for producing PI polyamides using cysteine and a chloroacetyl residue. The cyclization reaction is complete within 1 h and has a high conversion efficiency. The method can be used to produce long cyclic PI polyamides that can recognize 7 bp DNA sequences. A cyclic PI polyamide containing two β-alanine molecules had higher affinity and specificity than the corresponding hairpin PI polyamide, demonstrating that the cyclic PI polyamides can be used as a new type of DNA-binding molecule.     

X‐ray action on polymeric membrane surfaces: a chemical and morphological characterization

The surfaces of six polymeric membranes—two polysulphone membranes, two composite reverse‐osmosis polyamide/polysulphone membranes having polyamide as the active layer and two activated membranes containing di‐2‐ethylhexylphosphoric acid and di‐2‐ethylhexyldithiophosphoric acid as carriers, respectively—have been characterized before and after irradiation with an x‐ray source, both chemically and topographically by XPS and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Changes in atomic concentrations of the characteristic elements of the membranes and in the shape of XPS spectra as a function of irradiation time can be related to chemical modifications on the membrane surface. The most significant changes have been observed for polysulphone, which is reduced by x‐ray action; this fact also shows the inhomogeneity of the surface of the di‐2‐ethylhexyldithiophosphoric‐activated membrane. In contrast, polyamide top layers of composite membranes have been shown to be the most stable. Chemical modifications are not related directly to changes in membrane roughness because for all membranes only small changes have been observed for AFM images recorded before and after membrane irradiation. Moreover, the roughness of both polysulphone membranes decreases slightly due to x‐ray radiation but increases slightly for all polyamide‐containing membranes (composite and activated membranes). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ab initio calculation of the Young's modulus of α‐polyamides

In earlier works the supermolecule model has been applied to the calculation of the Young's modulus of crystalline polyethylene and polyamide‐6. In the supermolecule model a crystalline polymer is represented as a single finite chain divided into a head, body, and tail part. The body contains a number of monomer units and is representative for a polymer chain. In this article, this model has been used to study the geometric properties and the elastic moduli of the α form of other polyamides: polyamide‐2 (or polyglycine), polyamide‐3, polyamide‐4, polyamide‐11, and polyamide‐6,6. All calculations have been performed with a linearly constrained body. The results have been compared to other theoretical and experimental results if available. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.; DOI 10.1002/qua.2002;10121     

Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensing with Nanostructures Fabricated by Soft Nanolithography

The nanospike structures formed with femtosecond laser irradiations have been successfully replicated on the surface of a polyurethane (PU) polymer using a low cost soft nanolithography method. The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and dinitrotoluene (DNT) molecules have been measured with silver coated PU nanospike surfaces by a simple portable Raman spectrometer. Compared to a flat silver coated surface, where no Raman Scattering of the molecules can be detected by the simple portable Raman spectrometer, the Raman spectra are enhanced by more than 4 orders of magnitudes. This indicates that the high area/volume ratio and small size of the PU nanospikes can be used for SERS sensing.     

A convenient method for the synthesis of DNA-recognizing polyamides in solution

A convenient method for the synthesis of polyamides containing N-methylpyrrole (Py) and N-methylimidazole (Im) in solution has been developed. Most of the building blocks have been prepared by a haloform reaction in a simple way that column chromatography can be avoided. By use of the DCC/HOBT coupling reaction, the building blocks prepared have been effectively connected to construct a variety of subchains and polyamides without employing amino protection and deprotection. By use of the present method, an eight-ring polyamide, PyPyPyPygammaPyImImPybetaDp (gamma is gamma-aminobutyric acid, beta is beta-alanine, Dp is N, N-dimethylpropyldiamine), has been synthesized by the coupling of two four-ring subchains in one step.     

尼龙6/高岭土界面相互作用对其复合材料力学性能和流变行为的影响

<正> 无机填料填充复合材料的性能,除了依赖于聚合物基体和填料固有的内在性质外,很大程度上依赖于它们之间的界面性质。因此,研究聚合物/填料界面相互作用,对合理地设计具有优良性能的复合材料具有十分重要的意义。 目前,还很难对粉末填料与聚合物基体之间界面相互作用进行定量的研究,而且关于这方面的报道也较少。本文利用接触角法测定了高岭土填料和尼龙6基体的表面自由能、界面张力、粘附功等热力学参数,对高岭土与尼龙6之间界面相互作用与复合材料力学性能、流变行为的关系进行了分析和探讨。