葡萄糖掺杂对MgB2钉扎机制的影响

本文通过磁性测量获得了葡萄糖掺杂MgB2块材样品的临界电流密度Jc,并利用集体钉扎模型分析了掺杂对其磁通钉扎机制的影响．研究发现,在纯样中δTc钉扎为主导钉扎机制;而在掺杂样品中,随着掺杂量的增加础钉扎所占比重逐渐增大到90％．剩余电阻率的计算结果也验证了掺杂样品中的钉扎机制变化．我们推断础钉扎主要是由碳对硼位掺杂引起...     

高Tc超导体YBCO磁通钉扎的计算机模拟研究

临界电流密度Jc是影响高温超导体在强电领域应用的一个重要参数,在实际应用中,特别在外加磁场下,临界电流密度与超导材料的磁通钉扎性质密切相关.因此,磁通钉扎一直是高温超导体研究中的一个重要领域.由于高温超导体磁通钉扎力密度Fp的标度律存在,本文根据D.Dew-Hughes总结的钉扎力函数,主要存在两种主要作用类型(正常相和△K).我们将D.Dew-HugBes给出的钉扎力密度Fp标度函数改进为一个简化的具有物理意义的函数表达式.结合文献中已有的实验数据,我们对YBcO进行了计算机模拟,确定了它的磁通钉扎类型,模拟的研究结果与实际情况比较吻合.     

熔融织构YBa2Cu3Ox中磁通钉扎的各向异性及211相对钉力的影响

通过测量不同温度的磁滞回线和不同温度、不同磁场下的磁驰豫，对熔融织物ＹＢａ２ＣｕＯｘ样品的钉扎各向异性及２１１含量钉扎力的影响进行了研究（外加磁场分别平行和垂直于Ｃ轴），发现熔融织构样品的钉扎力具有强各向异性，这是由钉扎中心形状的各向异性导致的、临电流随２１１含量的增加反而降低，表明在这些样品中２１１相颗粒及其周围的缺陷对磁通钉扎起负作用，仅当外场平行于Ｃ轴时，才能观察到鱼尾效应，表明这些样品中至     

含有多种钉扎中心的层状高温超导体在其单个钉扎区域的钉扎机制

本文中，我们提出了一个关于含有多种钉扎中心的层状高温超导体在其单个钉扎中心的钉扎机制的理论，并讨论了具有两种钉扎中心的层状高温超导体的钉扎机制和临界电流密度．我们发现在强、弱钉扎中心之间存在着相互竞争，并解释了临界电流密度在低场区域随磁场增加而迅速降低的现象．     

不同Ti含量对NbTi超导体临界电流密度的影响

利用Nb片和Ti片交替组配加工,经扩散反应制备了Ti含量从43WT%到57WT%之间的三种不同成份的NbTi超导线.测量了三种不同成份的临界电流密度Jc,讨论了在磁场下不同Ti含量对NbTi线临界电流密度Jc的影响,并对磁通钉扎机制进行了分析.通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了Nb/Ti界面扩散形态及微结构,并运用多源标度分析法[1]对不同成份的NbTi超导线进行了磁通钉扎力密度随磁场变化曲线的拟合.结果表明:随着含Ti量的增加,其临界电流密度在低场时很高,而在高场时的性能偏低,且下降迅速,而含Ti量低的超导线在高场时的性能更具有优势;超导线在不同磁场下的性能是由点钉扎和面钉扎两种钉扎机制共同作用决定的.     

二维磁通随机钉扎系统动力学行为的数值模拟

本文利用数值模拟的方法,研究在Ｌｏｒｅｎｔｚ 驱动力作用下,随机钉扎环境中运动的二维磁通点阵的动力学行为．通过对不同随机分布点钉扎中心密度和不同磁通间相互作用强度的研究,发现磁通点阵存在从弹性区向塑性区的渡越（ｃｒｏｓｓｏｖｅｒ） , 并且这种渡越强烈依赖于磁通之间及磁通与钉扎之间的相互作用．随着钉扎中心密度的增加及磁通间相互作用强度的减弱,临界钉扎力增强．模拟结果与最近实验结果定性一致．部分结果偏离集体钉扎理论     

熔融织构YBa2Cu2．99Li0．01Oy的交流磁化性质

在不同直流磁场、交流磁场和频率下测量了熔融织构YBa2Cu2．99Li0．01Oy样品交流磁化率的温度关系．基于非线性磁通耗散理论，研究了交流场的大小和频率x″的蜂值温度Tp的影响，获得了磁通有效钉扎势与温度、直流场和电流密度的关系，U（J，Hdc，T）（J^-cHdc-0．75（1-T^2/Tc2）^3／2，其中μ约为0．13与理论预期的μ=1／7相一致，表明该样品中可能存在涡旋玻璃相变．     

YBa2Cu3Oy中氧缺位的磁通钉扎效应

制备了一组不同氧含量（Ｔｃｍｉｄ〉９０Ｋ）的ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｙ单相多晶样品。对其结构、超导电性和磁通钉扎行为的观测结果表明：氧缺位导致临界电流密度Ｊｃ和钉扎力密度Ｆｐ同时增加，存在一最佳的氧缺位浓度，可使Ｊｃ和Ｆｐ有最大程度最高。与氧含量ｙ＝６．９６和６．８３时的情况不同，对ｙ＝６．９４和６．８６的样品，其Ｊｃ随磁场Ｈ非单调变化，Ｍ－Ｈ曲线上呈现“鱼尾效应“。用标度律作拟合发现，当６．８３≤ｙ≤６     

Y0.928Pr0.072Ba2Cu3O7超导单晶的钉扎机制研究

研究了Y0.928 Pr0.072 Ba2 Cu3 O7(后文称YPBCO)单晶在不同温度下的磁特性,计算了不同温度下的钉扎力密度Fp对磁场的依赖关系.结果表明,在不同温度下的钉扎力密度可近似标度在同一条曲线上;标度函数和峰效应引起的最大Jc所对应的磁场与不可逆场的比值都表明,YPBCO单晶在磁通玻璃态的钉扎机制主要是样品中Pr的微观电子分布不均匀性引起的正常相面钉扎.     

超导体混合态的磁通运动与霍尔效应

我们根据一个推广的热激活磁通运动模型，得到钉扎力Ｆｐ的具体形式，并由此给出了混和态下霍尔电阻率ρxy随磁场变化的表化，我们的结果，定性地解释了有关实验现象。     

Crystal orientation dependence of the critical current density in a-axis- and c-axis-oriented MgB2 films

We have investigated the critical current density for MgB₂ films having various crystal orientations prepared by using a hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition system. An enhancement of the critical current density is clearly presented in MgB₂ films with an a-axis or a b-axis orientation rather than a c-axis orientation. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal a suppression of c-axis orientations while a (100) orientation becomes dominant, and the surface morphology of the a-axis-oriented film shows that the orientation of the c-axis-oriented MgB₂ grains parallel to the plane of the substrate. As the a-axis orientation becomes more dominant in the MgB₂ films, the field performance of the critical current density clearly becomes better. These results suggest that the synthesis of MgB₂ with high ab-plane orientations is one of the keys to enhancing the critical current density in MgB₂.     

Pinning effects on the vortex critical velocity in type-II superconducting thin films

We study the influence of artificial pinning centers on the vortex critical velocity in Al thin films deposited on top of a periodic array of Permalloy (FeNi) square rings. We demonstrate that the field dependence of the flux flow velocity strongly depends on the particular magnetic state of the rings. In particular, we find that, even when the rings are in a flux closure state, i.e. with little stray field, the vortex critical velocity shows a non-monotonic magnetic field dependence. This behaviour is in sharp contrast with the results obtained in a reference plain film, with no rings underneath. A comparison with the intrinsic strong pinning Nb films previously studied, suggests an interpretation in terms of a channel-like motion of vortices, here induced by the artificial pinning structure.     

Direct visualization of the vortex distributions in a superconducting film with a Penrose array of magnetic pinning centers: Symmetry induced giant vortex state

Using scanning Hall probe microscopy a direct visualization of the flux distribution in a Pb film covering a fivefold Penrose array of Co dots is obtained. We demonstrate that stable vortex configurations can be found for fields H ∼ 0.8H₁, H₁ and 1.6H₁, where H₁ corresponds to one flux quantum per pinning site. The vortex pattern at 0.8H₁ corresponds to one vacancy in one of the vertices of the thin tiles whereas at 1.6H₁ the vortex structure can be associated with one interstitial vortex inside each thick tile. Strikingly, for H = 1.6H₁ interstitial and pinned vortices arrange themselves in ring-like structures (“vortex corrals”) which favor the formation of a giant vortex state at their center.     

Nernst effect in Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconducting films due to infrared laser heating

A Nernst effect has been observed in a high temperature superconductor for the first time. Irradiating superconducting Tl–Ba–Ca–Cu–O thin films by short pulses of a TEA-CO₂ laser, a photovoltaic signal is detected perpendicular to a magnetic field applied parallel to the film surface. The signal is attributed to magnetic flux line depinning and flux line transport driven by the laser induced temperature gradient. The results are described by thermal flux line activation leading to a calculated distribution of pinning energies from 100 K to 4000 K.     

Enhancement of critical current density in Gd123 bulk superconductor doped with magnetic powder

We studied the materials processing to grow high performance magnet with doping of magnetic powder as candidature of pinning centers. The magnetic powder was doped into Gd123 matrix and grew into single domain bulk in air. With doping magnetic powder in Gd123 bulk superconductors, the flux pinning was enhanced and the underlying mechanism was discussed. The experimental results showed that suitable amount of magnetic powder inclusion can be effect as pinning center to enhance the J_c of the bulk both in low magnetic field and high magnetic field, which was different from the bulk doped with paramagnetic nano-scaled particles. The T_c of the bulk was suppressed obviously with the content of the magnetic powder increasing, form 93.0 K without doping decrease to 90.5 K with 0.12 wt.% doping. This is consistent with that the magnetic impurities generally suppress superconductivity. We report the detailed results from the viewpoint of practical application to increase the integrated flux trapped inside the bulk.     

Ba1-xKxFe2As2单晶(Tc=38.5K)磁通钉扎力与钉扎机理研究

铁基超导体是在2008年由Hosono发现的一种新型超导材料, 由于其具有上临界场高、各向异性小、临界电流密度大等优点, 在世界范围内引起了广泛关注. 以Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂为代表的FeAs-122系超导体具有结构简单、合成温度低、单晶容易制备等优点, 是物理学家和材料学家关注的焦点. 本工作在获得最优化掺杂的Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂单晶(T_c = 38.5 K)基础上, 通过分析其在不同磁场条件下电阻温度变化关系、不同温度条件下的磁滞回线等数据, 系统的研究了Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂单晶磁通钉扎力和磁通钉扎机理. 研究发现Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂超导体具有非常高的磁通钉扎势, 其中9 T的外场条件下, 其在H//c轴和H//ab面的钉扎势分别为5800 K和8100 K, 展示出良好的应用前景; 通过进一步分析发现, 其磁通钉扎机理应是由于晶格内部的小尺寸缺陷引起的电子平均自由程变化而导致的δl钉扎.     

INFLUENCE OF PINNING CENTRE DISTRIBUTION ON THE DYNAMICS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL VORTEX SYSTEM

Numerical study of the influence of the distribution of pinning centres on the dynamics of a two-dimensional vortex system is performed. The superconductor sample has a periodic structure with a pinned region of length L_p and an unpinned region of length L_x-L_p along the direction of driving force (Lorentz force). Results show that, at zero temperature, the critical force F_c increases with the increase of L_p, indicating that the homogeneity of pinning centres helps to enhance the critical electric current of the superconductor. At large driving forces, vortex static channels form in the pinned region even for L_px.     

Artificial pinning in thick YBCO films: Pinning potential and c-axis correlation

We have introduced artificial pinning centres in thick (>1 μm) YBCO films grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition using substrate decoration, quasi-multilayers, and target doping approaches. We have found that the frequency dependence of critical current density is consistent with a logarithmic dependence of pinning potential on current density. For most of materials used as nano-dots, artificially-induced pinning centres have a larger potential than natural ones. From angle-dependent in-field transport measurements and from Transmission Electron Microscopy we have found evidence of c-axis correlated pinning centres.