Spectral shaping of femtosecond pulses in aperiodic quasi-phase-matched gratings

We analyze the use of cascading second harmonic interactions in quadratic nonlinear crystals to mould the spectral characteristics of broadband near-infrared femtosecond pulses. Using a genetic algorithm, we optimize the design of the aperiodically poled ferroelectric crystal capable of generating the desired femtosecond infrared pulsed radiation.     

Electro-optic modulation on nonlinear phase shift and fundamental transmission in quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation

Nonlinear phase shift and transmission experienced by a beam at the fundamental frequency during electro-optic modulated quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation are studied. Numerical results indicate that the nonlinear phase shift of fundamental wave shows a difference of π, while fundamental transmission is controllable only by applying a DC electric field along z-axis. The above effect can be implemented on high-contrast optical switching devices such as Mach-Zehnder push-pull device. The relationships between the characteristic (peak and dip) electric fields and the initial pump intensity are also discussed.     

Nonlinear phase shift and all-optical switching in quasi-phase-matched quadratic media

Recently it was shown that in quasi-phase-matched quadratic media the average intensities are subject to an induced Kerr effect. We analytically study the influence of this induced cubic nonlinearity on the amplitude and phase modulation of the fundamental wave and predict efficient all-optical switching.     

Light modulation from crossed phase gratings

A new device, consisting of two phase gratings oriented with a small angle between their grating grooves, acts as a variable-profile diffraction grating that produces variations in the diffraction orders as the illumination region is moved across the device. Combinations of phase gratings that optimize the effect and act as passive light modulators are given. An experiment that demonstrates the principle is described.     

Strong and fast phase modulation for quantitative analysis of photorefractive gratings

A new approach for studying photorefractive gratings in two-wave mixing experiments by a phase modulation technique is presented. The introduction of a large-amplitude, high-frequency sinusoidal phase modulation in one of the input beams blurs the interference pattern and provides powerful harmonic signals for accurate measurements of the grating diffraction efficiency η and the output phase shift ϕ between the transmitted and diffracted waves. The blurring of the light fringes can be used to suppress the higher spatial harmonics of the grating, allowing a space-charge field with sinusoidal profile to be recorded. Although the presence of such a strong phase modulation affects the beam coupling in a rather complicated way, it is shown that for the special case of equal intensity input beams, the effect of the phase modulation on η and ϕ is reduced to a weakening of the coupling strength. The potentialities of the technique are illustrated in a study of refractive-index waves excited by running interference patterns in a Bi₁₂TiO₂₀ crystal. Expressions for the diffraction efficiency and the output phase shift are derived and used to match numerically calculated curves to the experimental data. The theoretical model is supported by the very good data fitting and allows the computation of important material parameters. PACS 42.40.Ht; 42.40.Kw; 42.70.Nq     

Pulse compression during second-harmonic generation in aperiodic quasi-phase-matching gratings

We propose a simple means for compressing optical pulses with second-harmonic generation. Aperiodic quasi-phase-matching gratings impart a frequency-dependent phase shift on the second-harmonic pulse relative to the fundamental pulse and can be engineered to correct for arbitrary phase distortions. The mechanism is discussed, and a detailed analysis of the compression of quadratic phase (linear frequency) chirped pulses is presented.     

用错位相位光栅产生的可调光学双阱

提出了用相位型错位光栅产生光学双阱的新方案.用平面光波(或TEM₀₀模式高斯光波)照射、正透镜聚焦,在透镜焦平面上产生的适用于冷原子或冷分子囚禁的多对可调光学双阱.计算和推导了双阱的光强分布、强度梯度以及光阱的几何参数与光学系统参数间的解析关系,研究了双阱到单阱三种不同的演化过程.同时还计算了光学双阱囚禁冷原子的光学偶极势和光子散射速率.研究发现,该方案不仅简单可行、操作方便,而且在原子物理、原子光学、分子光学和量子光学领域中有着广阔的应用前景. 关键词： 原子光学 相位光栅 光学双阱 冷原子囚禁     

Tunable optical comb generation based on carrier-suppressed intensity modulation and phase modulation

<正>An approach to generate a flat optical comb with tunable comb spacing and adjustable comb number is proposed.In the proposed approach,a Mach-Zehnder modulator(MZM),being biased to generate two carrier-suppressed first-order sidebands,is cascaded with a phase modulator.The two optical sidebands are then sent to the phase modulator to generate two identical,but frequency-shifted phase-modulated spectra.Thanks to the complementary nature of the two adjacent comb lines in the phase-modulated spectra,the overlapping of the two spectra would lead to the generation of a flat optical comb.Since only the phase modulation index or the microwave power is needed to be adjusted,the system is easy to be implemented with tunable comb spacing and adjustable comb number.Numerical simulations are performed,and the approach is verified by an experiment.     

Small signal intensity modulation of external cavity lasers with fiber Bragg gratings

The small signal intensity modulation (IM) of a hybrid soliton pulse source (HSPS) utilizing Gaussian apodized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is described using electric field approach. The HSPS is modeled by a time-domain solution of the coupled-mode equations. It is shown that type of external cavity is important effect on resonance peak spectral splitting (RPSS) in IM response as well as effect of laser and FBG parameters. It is also shown that the RPSS can be suppressed by using linearly chirped Gaussian apodized FBG as an external cavity insted of Gaussian apodized FBG.     

K-F系统中的波前相位调制与光强调制的转换

研究在由一薄片Ｋｅｒｒ 介质与一块二维反馈镜组成的非线性光学系统中光波前相位与光强的转换过程。根据基尔霍夫衍射定理,导出了单一模式以及小畸变近似条件下多个模式的相位－ 光强转换关系的方程。结果证明：通过衍射,入射波前相位各阶Ｚｅｒｎｉｋｅ 模式成分的大小转换为反馈光光强的非线性调制。     

相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法的改进

本文对现有相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法进行了改进,通过定义新的鉴频参量来同时利用相位调制信号直流和交流分量中的有用信息进行多普勒频移测量.由于相位调制信号直流分量中包含着调制信号光的Fabry-Perot干涉仪光强透过率,所以这一改进本质上是将基于Fabry-Perot干涉仪的边缘技术激光多普勒频移测量方法的优势引入到相位调制测量方法中,以提高其自身的性能.理论上证明改进后的相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法无需对信号光的光强进行测量,所以可以进一步简化探测系统的结构和较少噪声混入的通道.另外,通过对改进前后鉴频和测量灵敏度曲线进行对比,还证明了其具有更高的测量灵敏度和动态范围.实验上对硬目标反射的频移可控信号光进行测量,不但证明了理论的正确性,而且证明了改进后的相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法,测量动态范围提高约1倍,测量标准偏差降低约35%.     

Study on measuring refractive index modulation of volume phase holographic gratings

In this paper, we present an approach to measure the refractive index modulation of volume phase holographic gratings (VPHG) by use of its angular selectivity, with the advantage of avoiding the diffraction efficiency errors induced by noise. Based on Kogelnik's coupled wave theory for volume holographic gratings, the wave vectors matching relationship for reflective VPHG at different readout wavelengths is deduced and the diffraction efficiency as a function of readout angle is also obtained. Then an all-fiber experimental system is designed to measure corresponding diffraction efficiency with different readout angles for VPHG recorded in dichromate gelatin. By seeking the Bragg angle where diffraction efficiency is maximum and the blank angle where diffraction efficiency drops to the minimum value, the refractive index modulation can be calculated. The experiment results proves the feasibility of the method.     

A novel modulation and direct detection scheme of optical phase shift keying

This paper introduces a new modulation and direct detection scheme of optical phase shift keying (PSK)which is simple and practical in fiber optical communication. A phase modulator is used to modulate a continuous wave (CW) laser source and return-to-zero (RZ) signal that is changed from the initial transmitting information is used to control a phase modulator to form a optical PSK signal. In the receiver terminal, just add a signal delayed a half of one bit to itself so that the initial information can be restored.     

利用相位型衍射光栅生成能量按比例分布的多个螺旋光束的研究

研究了基于计算全息光栅的方法产生能量按比例分布的多个螺旋光束的技术.在计算全息光栅的过程中引入了Gerchberg-Saxton迭代算法,并在此基础上利用位相型空间光调制器产生了具有轨道角动量态的多种光束,实现了多个指定轨道角量子数的螺旋光光场分布.给出了计算机仿真结果和实验结果,表明利用Gerchberg-Saxton迭代算法生成的位相型光栅可以生成多个指定轨道角动量量子数的光束,研究结果对于利用轨道角动量进行信息传输有益.     

Photonic generation of millimeter-wave ultra-wideband signal using phase modulation to intensity modulation conversion and frequency up-conversion

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the generation of a pair of polarity-reversed 24 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) ultra-wideband (UWB) monocycles. The scheme is realized by using delay interferometer (DI) based phase modulation to intensity modulation (PM–IM) conversion and carrier suppression modulation (CSM) based frequency up-conversion. The phase modulation is realized by using either electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) or cross phase modulation (XPM) in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), which is an all-optical approach to obtaining baseband UWB signals, respectively. After frequency up-converted by using CSM in a Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM), a pair of polarity-reversed 24 GHz MMW-UWB signals complying with the Federal Communication Committee (FCC) requirements is generated. The bi-phase modulation (BPM) of 24 GHz MMW-UWB signals can also be realized by electrically switching the bias voltage of delay interferometer.     

Two-wave mixing on reflection dynamic gratings in sillenite crystals under phase modulation of signal beam

The counter mixing of a strong circularly polarized wave of optical pump with a weak phase-modulated signal wave on the reflection grating formed by them in (111)-, (110)-, and (100)-cut Bi₁₂TiO₂₀ and Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ phototrefractive crystals was theoretically and experimentally studied.     

Photonic instantaneous microwave frequency measurement based on two different phase modulation to intensity modulation conversions

A novel photonic technique for instantaneous frequency measurement of microwave signal based on phase modulation to intensity modulation conversion is proposed and demonstrated. In the proposed system, an optical carrier is modulated by a microwave signal with its frequency to be measured through a phase modulator. The phase-modulated optical signal is then converted to intensity-modulated signals in two independent paths using a dispersive media and a frequency discriminator respectively. Since the dependence of the received microwave power on the input microwave frequency in the two paths differs, the microwave power ratio between the two paths can be used to uniquely determine the microwave frequency. The major advantages of the approach lie in that only one laser source and the bias-free phase modulator is employed in the system, which improves the stability of the system. Experimental demonstrations of the frequency measurement based on the proposed approach are presented.     

Multiplication of optical frequency shift by cascaded electro-optic traveling phase gratings operating above 10 GHz

We propose and demonstrate an electro-optic (EO) multiplication of a frequency shift using 10 GHz order electrical signal. The principle is based on a successive Bragg diffraction from cascaded EO traveling phase gratings in a traveling wave EO phase modulator. We fabricate a shift frequency doubler using simple domain engineering processes in a LiTaO? crystal. Frequency shifting of ±32.5 GHz with an efficiency of 60% is demonstrated using a 16.25 GHz modulation signal.     

基于自激移相控制的行波管电源LLC变换器

为提高行波管高压电源变换器全工作状态的软开关和动态响应性能,分析了行波管负载的动态突变特性,设计了全桥LLC谐振倍压功率变换器,提出了基于自激移相控制的全桥LLC变换器的工作原理、大信号建模和设计方法,重点针对负载突变特性分析了变换器的瞬态软开关特性和控制参数设计原则。通过仿真验证了变换器在负载突变时能够实现开关管的零电压开通,说明了控制参数的自适应调整能够提高变换器的动态响应性能。通过实验分析了基于自激移相控制的全桥LLC变换器的典型波形,表明变换器具有较好的软开关特性。     

Effect of nonsinusoidal phase modulation on the zero shift in a fiber ring interferometer

Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, No. 10, pp. 1345–1349, October, 1994.