磷钼酸掺杂的聚吡咯薄膜电极的表征

对离子在导电聚合物修饰电极中起着很重要的作用．因止匕自从导电聚合物薄膜修饰电极的研究开始以来，A们尝试了在导电聚合物膜中掺杂各种各样的离子［‘一句，以使导电聚合物膜向功能化方向发展．在这些众多的掺杂离子中，人们无感兴趣的是将那些电活性阴离子作对离子掺杂人导电聚合物膜中，如时C叫6【‘，司、杂多酸根离子”河等·将电活性阴离子作为对离子掺杂人导电聚合物膜修饰电极中，有助于人们对这种修饰电极的研究，因为这些对离子可以作为一种探针来检测对离子在腰中的传输情况．杂多酸掺杂的导电聚合物电极还具有电催化性能，对…     

革除或减少增塑剂的敏感膜离子选择电极

基于国内外最新研究工作,系统总结了离子选择电极膜中革除或减少外增塑剂的新膜基体,包括丙烯酸酯类聚合物、羟基功能化的乙烯基树脂、聚氨酯、硅橡胶以及导电聚合物,对其物理化学性能以及传感器检测等进行了全面归纳与讨论.指出该类革除外增塑剂的传感膜不仅避免了增塑剂的泄漏及其对生物样品的污染,而且较传统增塑聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜扩散系数降低了约3个数量级,有利于抑制过膜离子流,使其检测下限较传统增塑PVC下降了5个数量级,且选择系数也有不同程度的改善.另外,该类传感膜材料由于与固体支撑材料间优良的粘附性保证了电极的使用寿命,特别是在微型化固态电极中.以这类传感膜构建的电位型离子传感器将以其独特的优势在环境监测、食品卫生,尤其是在医疗诊断、生物物质检测中展示出不可替代的作用.     

杯芳烃磷酸酯为载体铅离子选择性膜电极的研究

1引言研制中性载体PVC膜离子选择电极,关键是设计及选择合适的载体。杯芳烃衍生物作为高选择性载体已成功地用于离子选择电极上。本研究合成了两种新的对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃磷酸酯类衍生物,以此化合物为载体制备了两种铅离子选择性膜电极,并对电极的性能进行了研究。2实验部分2.1     

硝酸根离子选择性电极的构建及研究进展

硝酸盐含量的检测对于评价环境中硝酸盐污染和了解生态系统氮循环方面起着非常重要的作用。离子选择性电极因操作简单、选择性好、方便携带、价格低廉等优点被广泛应用于环境样品中硝酸根的测定。本文从离子选择性电极功能材料、电极设计和实际应用三方面阐述了近20年硝酸根离子选择性电极的研究进展,汇总了新合成硝酸根离子载体的选择性性能,从固体接触传导层和离子选择性敏感膜组分角度分析了固体接触式聚合物膜硝酸根离子选择性电极的构建机理,总结了非聚合物膜硝酸根离子选择性电极的发展,并对硝酸根离子选择性电极在环境中的典型应用进行了介绍,以期为水环境和土壤中硝酸根的测定提供技术支持。     

聚合物膜离子选择性电极传感新方法研究进展

传统的离子选择性电极属于电位型传感器,其检测原理基于电极敏感膜的电位响应与分析物离子的活度关系符合能斯特方程.近年来,以聚合物膜为敏感元件的离子选择性电极蓬勃发展,其换能方式已经从传统的零电流电位检测法发展到计时电位法、库仑法、安培法、离子迁移伏安法、光学法等多种传感新方法.这些新型信号输出方式的采用,提高了聚合物膜离...     

高灵敏度聚合物膜离子选择性电极研究进展

概述了包括优化电极膜组成、优化内参比液、固相接触、额外电流补偿等降低聚合物膜离子选择性电极检测限的原理与方法。     

一氧化氮在聚钴-席夫碱修饰电极上的电催化氧化

研究了一种新合成的杂环席夫碱Ｎ,Ｎ’－二乙酰吡啶缩双苯胺在铂电极上的电化学聚合、聚合膜与钴（Ⅱ）的配合反应及聚合物膜的电化学性质。实验结果表明,该席夫碱可在电极表面通过电化学聚合反应形成具有良好的机械、化学和电化学稳定性的聚合物膜,该聚合物膜可与钴离子形成稳定的配合物,这种配合物对和分子一氧化氮的电化学氧化有显著的催化作用。     

功能高分子膜离子选择电极研究 Ⅵ.压片PVC膜氯离子选择电极的暂态极化行为

在零电流条件下测量离子选择电极的电位分析已成为一种重要的电分析化学方法.Buck等首先用交流阻抗法研究了玻璃膜、晶态膜、液膜及PVC膜等一些电极的交流阻抗行为,Cammann和Rechnitz等用恒电位和恒电流阶跃法研究了缬氨霉素钾电极的极化行为,Powley等用双脉冲方法测定了Ca~(++)、F~-等电极的电导行为,并根据脉冲电流和溶液离子浓度的关系提出了离子选择电极的双极性脉冲电导分析法.到目前为止,还未见有功能高分子膜离子选择电极电化学极化行为研究的报道. 本文用快速三角波电位法和快速方波电位法研究了功能高分子压片PVC膜氯离子选择电极的暂态极化行为,计算了膜电极的一些电化学参数,讨论了影响膜电化学性质的因素.     

离子选择电极的通用内参比体系

目前多数离子选择电极都采用含一定浓度主要响应离子的溶液作内充液,在膜内侧以离子导电方式建立一个恒定的电位。因此,每一种电极都需要它自己的内充液。若对某类电极能有一种通用的内参比体系,则对生产和使用都很方便。本文主要介绍离子缔合型离子选择电极的通用内参比体系,同时对晶体膜、涂膜和玻璃膜电极的情况也作一述评。     

导电聚合物构建的高性能固态离子选择电极

基于最新研究文献和自身研究工作,系统总结了以导电聚合物构建的各种高性能固态离子选择电极.导电聚合物所特有的共轭结构以及电子导电和离子导电的双重导电功能使其可以作为离子-电子转换器,从而实现对离子的传感响应与探测.由聚苯胺、聚吡咯和聚噻吩等导电聚合物为转换中间层而构建的离子选择电极可以实现纳摩尔浓度水平的离子传感探测,有望在环境监测、药物医疗和食品安全等诸多方面发挥重要作用.     

Conducting Polymer‐Based Solid‐State Ion‐Selective Electrodes

Conducting polymers, i.e., electroactive conjugated polymers, are useful both as ion‐to‐electron transducers and as sensing membranes in solid‐state ion‐selective electrodes. Recent achievements over the last few years have resulted in significant improvements of the analytical performance of solid‐contact ion‐selective electrodes (solid‐contact ISEs) based on conducting polymers as ion‐to‐electron transducer combined with polymeric ion‐selective membranes. A significant amount of research has also been devoted to solid‐state ISEs based on conducting polymers as the sensing membrane. This review gives a brief summary of the progress in the area in recent years.     

Tailoring Solution Cast Poly(3,4‐dioctyloxythiophene) Transducers for Potentiometric All‐Solid‐State Ion‐Selective Electrodes

A novel concept of tailoring potentiometric responses of all‐solid‐state ion‐selective electrodes was introduced. The effect of composition and resulting properties of the conjugated polymer transducer, placed between the electrode support and ion‐selective membrane, on analytical characteristic of obtained sensors was studied.     

Potentiometric Measurements in Non-Aqueous Media Using Bromide and Iodide Ion Selective Membrane Electrodes

Abstract

Solid membrane bromide and iodide ion selective membrane electrodes were evaluated for their performance in non-aqueous media. The electrodes were evaluated in several alcohols and glacial acetic acid.     

Ion‐selective Electrodes with 3D Nanostructured Conducting Polymer Solid Contact

Until now both ion‐to‐electron transducers as well as large surface area nanostructured conducting materials were successfully used as solid contacts for polymer‐based ion‐selective electrodes. We were interested to explore the combination of these two approaches by fabricating ordered electrically conducting polymer (ECP) nanostructures using 3D nanosphere lithography and electrosynthesis to provide a high surface area and capacitive interface for solid contact ion‐selective electrodes (SC‐ISEs). For these studies we used poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT(PSS)) films with 750 nm diameter interconnected pores as the intermediate layer between a glassy carbon electrode and a Ag⁺ ‐selective polymeric membrane. We also investigated the feasibility of loading the voids created in the polymer film with a lipophilic redox mediator (1,1’‐dimethylferrocene) to provide the respective ISEs with well‐defined/controllable E⁰ values. These expectations were fulfilled as the standard deviation of E⁰ values were reduced with almost an order of magnitude for 3D nanostructured SC‐ISEs filled with the redox mediator as compared to their redox mediator‐free analogs. The detrimental effect of the redox mediator extraction into the plasticized PVC‐based ion‐selective membrane (ISM) was efficiently suppressed by replacing the PVC‐based ISMs with a low diffusivity silicone rubber matrix.     

硫杂冠醚PVC膜汞（Ⅱ）离子选择电极的研制

以硫杂冠醚为活性物质的PVC膜汞(Ⅱ)离子选择电极的研究近年已有报道,我们曾报道二茂铁硫杀冠醚PVC膜汞(Ⅱ)离子选择电极的研制。并根据硫和汞的软硬酸碱相亲性,设计并合成了8个新型硫杂冠醚。本文以它们为活性物质研制PVC膜汞(Ⅱ)离子选     

Asymmetrical Schiff Bases as Carriers in PVC Membrane Electrodes for Cadmium (II) Ions

5‐[((4‐Methyl phenyl) azo)‐N‐(6‐amino‐2‐pyridin) salicylaldimine] (S₁), and 5‐[((4‐methyl phenyl) azo)‐N‐(2‐diamino‐2‐cyano‐1‐ethyl cyanide) salicylaldehyde] (S₂) with N and O donor atoms are effective ionophores to make Cd²⁺‐selective membrane electrodes. The electrodes based on S₁ and S₂ exhibits a Nernstian or near‐Nernstian response for cadmium ion over a wide concentration range 1.5×10^?1–7.5×10^?7 with a slope of 28 and 2.0×10^?1–4.0×10^?7 with a slope of 22, respectively. They have quick response and can be used for three or four months without any divergence in potential. The proposed sensors show fairly good selectivity over some alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. The electrodes based on S₁ and S₂ can be used in the pH range 3.5–9. These electrodes were used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of cadmium ion with EDTA and in the direct determination of cadmium ion in aqueous solutions.     

长碳链季铵化合物在离子选择电极中的结构效应

本文报道了一些新的长碳链季铵化合物的制备,应用这些化合物制得了I~-,NO_3~-,ClO_4~-,IO_4~-,SCN~-,N_3~-,WO_4~-等无机阴离子选择电极;BF_4~-、TaF_6~-、NbF_7~-、CrO_3F~-等络合阴离子电极以及苦味酸根、烷(芳)基磺酸根(阴离子洗涤剂)电极、磺原酸根、水杨酸根、糖精、安乃近等药物及其它有机分子的电极。还讨论了它们在阴离子选择电极中的结构效应。其中有些电极已经作为商品生产,并广泛应用于各种分析领域。     

Preparation and Response Properties of Selective Bio-Electrodes Utilizing Polymer Membrane Electrode-Based Ammonia Gas Sensors

Abstract

A new type of potentiometric ammonia gas sensor is employed in the preparation of selective bio-electrodes for urea and glutamine. The bio-electrodes are constructed by immobilizing the enzyme urease and intact porcine kidney cells, respectively, at the surface of a disposable ammonium selective polymer membrane electrode-based ammonia gas sensor. The resulting electrodes have favorable response properties when compared to corresponding devices previously assembled with costly commercial gas sensors. Preliminary studies with the urea electrode demonstrate its usefulness for the rapid determination of urea in serum samples.     

Highly Selective Potentiometric Oxalate Ion Sensors Based on Ni(Ⅱ) Bis-(m-aminoacetophenone)ethylenediamine

A plasticized PVC (polyvinyl chloride) membrane based oxalate ion selective electrode has been developed by using the condensation product of m‐aminoacetophenone and ethylenediamine. The transition metal complexes of the ligand N,N′‐bis(m‐aminoacetophenene)ethylenediamine (L) were synthesized and incorporated as ionophore for the synthesis of oxalate ion selective electrodes. Most appropriate result in terms of dynamic range, detection limit and response behavior was determined for the Ni(II) bis‐(m‐aminoacetophenone)ethylenediamine complex. The electrode demonstrated higher selectivity for oxalate ion with improved performance as compared to other carriers reported in past. The electrode shows Nernstian slope of (?28.5±0.4) mV·decade^?1 with improved linear range of 1×10^?1?1×10^?7 mol·L^?1, with a comparatively lower detection limit in the pH range of 5–10.5, giving a relatively fast response within 10 s and reasonable reproducibility. The selectivity coefficient was calculated using matched potential method and fixed interference method. The lifetime of the electrode was found to be nearly 2 months. The response mechanism and the interaction of oxalate ion with the complexes have been discussed by UV‐visible spectroscopic technique. Further the electrode was also successfully applied to determine the oxalate content in water samples.