固定化血红蛋白氧载体的研究（Ⅱ）：氧化纤维素共价键联 …

以纤维素为载体，经高碘酸钠氧化后共价键联血红蛋白，制备氧载体。研究了氧化条件对血红蛋白固定量的影响。纤维素只有经过预氧化，碱处理和再氧化三步活化反应，才能使血红蛋白大量化，每克纤维素固定血红蛋白量达１．０ｇ。氧载体稳定性好，血红蛋白不脱落。经铁氰化钾氧化，氧载体放氧效率为３３．１％。     

固定化血红蛋白氧载体的研究(Ⅱ)——氧化纤维素共价键联血红蛋白

以纤维素为载体,经高碘酸钠氧化后共价键联血红蛋白,制备氧载体.研究了氧化条件对血红蛋白固定量的影响.纤维素只有经过预氧化、碱处理和再氧化三步活化反应,才能使血红蛋白大量固定化,每克纤维素固定血红蛋白量达1.0g.氧载体稳定性好,血红蛋白不脱落.经铁氰化钾氧化,氧载体放氧效率为33.1%.     

固定化血红蛋白吸附NO-2性能的研究

亚硝酸盐对人体是有害的 ,其毒性主要是将人体正常的血红蛋白氧化成高铁血红蛋白 ,使血红蛋白失去在体内输送氧的能力 ,致使人因组织缺氧而窒息死亡。另外 ,亚硝酸盐可与仲胺类反应生成具有致癌性的亚硝胺类物质。因此 ,人们对控制饮用水中亚硝酸盐的浓度极感兴趣 ,尤其是解决地下水中亚硝酸盐的污染问题。本文将探讨一种利用功能生物高分子材料——血红蛋白 (Hb)对水中 NO- 2 处理的新方法。因未固定的 Hb在处理水后不能回收而造成浪费 ,也带来二次污染 ,所以我们用固定化 Hb除去水中的 NO- 2 。下面我们将讨论三种方法固定 Hb的效果 ,…     

固定化血红蛋白氧载体的研究：Ⅰ.聚乙烯醇包埋血红蛋白

固定化血红蛋白可以作为氧载体，从海水中提取氧气，为人类在水下提供氧源。以聚乙烯醇为载体材料，固定化血红白、制备氧载体。研究了该氧载体的氧解离性能以及戊二醛和六磷酸肌醇对氧载体氧解离性能的影响。     

吸附-纤维素覆膜联合固定化酶

以食品工业中常用的木瓜蛋白酶为模式酶, 建立了吸附-纤维素覆膜联合固定化酶方法. 通过对吸附载体类别、 纤维素种类及溶剂、 保护剂种类及其浓度、 干燥方式及时间等的优化, 得到最佳的吸附-纤维素覆膜联合固定化酶工艺. 以硅藻土或HPD-417(大孔树脂)作为吸附载体, 甲基纤维素(分子量40000~50000)丙酮溶液作为覆膜溶液, 加入6%(质量分数)的聚乙二醇或麦芽糖作为覆膜保护剂, 于4 ℃干燥9 h, 制得固定化木瓜蛋白酶, 硅藻土吸附-纤维素覆膜固定化酶酶活回收率达到96.50%, HPD-417吸附-纤维素覆膜固定化酶酶活回收率达到93.92%. 对吸附-纤维素覆膜固定化酶的性质进行了研究, 发现纤维素覆膜后固定化酶具有良好的热稳定性, 于80 ℃下保存12 h后, 固定化酶活残余率仍然能保持90%左右; 在pH=4.5~9.5的范围内, 固定化酶的稳定性较好; 连续使用9次后, 固定化酶活残余率仍能保持95%左右.     

固定化血红蛋白氧载体的研究 I.聚乙烯醇包埋血红蛋白

固定化血红蛋白可以作为氧载体，从海水中提取氧气，为人类在水下活动提供氧源。以聚乙烯醇为载体材料，固定化血红蛋白，制备氧载体。研究了该氧载体的氧解离性能以及戊二醛和六磷酸肌醇对氧载体氧解离性能的影响。血红蛋白的固定量达０．６ｇ／ｇ，氧化法测得氧载体的氧解离率为５３．３％。戊二醛后交联提高了氧载体的稳定性。六磷酸肌醇使氧解离率由２４．８％提高到６０．０％。     

固定化铜离子亲和膜色谱柱吸附血红蛋白的研究

将纤维素滤纸进行碱处理及环氧活化、偶联亚氨基二乙酸、固定化铜离子等处理,并将其装入自制的色谱柱管,制得固定化铜离子亲和膜色谱柱。该柱可用于吸附血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb),吸附率可达到90%以上。考察了上样量、pH值、温度、上样速度等因素对固定化铜离子亲和膜吸附Hb的影响。实验结果表明,固定化铜离子亲和膜色谱柱吸附血红蛋白的最佳条件为：室温下实验,缓冲体系的pH值控制在6~8,上样速度0.5~1.0 mL/min,上样量为3.16~7.90 mg/g。     

球形纤维素固定化DNA制备免疫吸附剂

以球形纤维素为载体,经环氧氯丙烷活化后共价键联小牛胸腺DNA,制备DNA免疫吸附剂,通过血液灌流能够治疗系统性红斑狼疮.对病人血清的吸附实验结果表明,每毫升吸附剂与3mL病人血清混合,于37℃保温1 h,可吸附除去40%～70%致病抗体     

固定化木瓜蛋白酶的制备和性质研究

多孔硅球固定化木瓜蛋白酶具有热增活性 .本文在前文研究的基础上 ,用载体交联法制备了甲壳胺固定化木瓜蛋白酶和纤维素固定化木瓜蛋白酶 .考察了固定化pH值、戊二醛浓度和给酶量对固定化木瓜蛋白酶活力的影响 .研究了固定化木瓜蛋白酶的性质 ,特别是热稳定性和耐热性 ,并与溶液酶和多孔硅球固定化木瓜蛋白酶进行了比较 .所制得的甲壳胺固定化木瓜蛋白酶和纤维素固定化木瓜蛋白酶的最适反应温度均达到了 80℃ ;90℃温育 1h后固定化酶的活力保持在 95 %以上 ;70℃温育处理 5h和 6h后固定化酶的活力也仍能保持在 90 %以上 .固定化木瓜蛋白酶的热稳定性和耐热性得到了显著提高     

复合纤维素膜固定化胰蛋白酶反应器及其应用于蛋白质酶解

合成了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-纤维素复合膜,并以此膜为基质共价键合固定化胰蛋白酶,以N-苯甲酰-L-精氨酰乙酯(BAEE)为底物,应用高效液相色谱系统测定了酶固定化膜柱的催化反应特性。研究结果表明:温度、pH值、离子强度、有机溶剂及蛋白变性剂等都对固定化酶的活力有一定的影响。在最适条件下,固定化胰蛋白酶的活力为17800U/g干膜,蛋白载量为3.6mg/g(≈0.15μmol/g)干膜,活性回收率达到52%.固定化酶表现出较高的使用和储藏稳定性,在40℃下,水解BAEE底物24h活力无显着变化。固定化酶膜柱在4℃冷藏保存100d仍保存90%以上的水解活力。固定化酶反应器被应用于蛋白质酶解的肽谱实验。     

单分散磁性纳米粒子固定化猪胰脂肪酶的研究

借助溶热法制备了一种亲水及生物相容良好的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷直接对所得磁性粒子表面改性,然后用戊二醛偶联法制得了固定化猪胰脂肪酶.表征研究显示,所得磁性粒子粒径约200 nm,具有良好的单分散性和磁响应性.考察了戊二醛浓度、给酶量和反应时间对脂肪酶固定化过程的影响,并通过游离酶与固定化酶的比...     

Viscometric determination of dialdehyde content in periodate oxycellulose. Part I. Methodology

Periodate oxycellulose was subjected to alkaline hydrolysis at room temperature in both homogeneous (cupriethylenediamine) and heterogeneous (sodium hydroxide) medium, and the degradation kinetics was followed for nearly three months. By comparing the obtained results with the degradation kinetics of both hydrocellulose and periodate oxycellulose reduced with tert-butylamine borane, it was demonstrated that the -alkoxy fragmentation of oxidised sites is a very fast reaction, which reaches completeness during the preparation of samples for viscometric analyses. The subsequent degradation is due to other mechanisms, such as autoxidation and peeling. A comparison between the degrees of polymerisation of periodate oxycellulose before and after its reduction allows the quantitative determination of dialdehyde groups, without the interference of reducing end groups. Although this technique might not be valid for other kinds of oxycellulose, it supplies a simple and fast method for the analysis of mildly oxidised cellulose.     

Viscometric determination of dialdehyde content in periodate oxycellulose Part II. Topochemistry of oxidation

The kinetics of periodate oxidation of cellulose was followed through the alkaline degradation of the dialdehyde groups by measuring the viscometric degree of polymerisation and the alkali consumption. The obtained results show that a fast but limited attack of periodate occurs in the amorphous region of cellulose, causing the decrease of degree of polymerisation to its levelling-off value. The alkali consumption indicates at least two further slower reactions, that lead to the asymptotic complete oxidation of cellulose units. With the pseudo first-order approximation, the oxidation half-time of these three reactions can be calculated, corresponding to 1.2, 20 and 854 h respectively. In spite of the high oxidation of the analysed samples (up to about 46%), the residue after alkaline degradation shows a relatively high value of degree of polymerisation rather than the narrow molecular weight distribution of oligomers expected from a random oxidation, thus indicating that periodate oxidises cellulose in isolated domains. The sequence of analyses over the same sample utilised in this work (titrimetry, weight loss and viscometry), performed at room temperature in mild conditions, makes it possible to investigate the topochemistry of oxidation of paper and textiles of historic and artistic value with microdistructive techniques on a single, very small fragment of material.     

丙烯醛在聚苯乙烯小球表面预辐射接枝及其对蛋白质固定化

作为免疫化学标记物的载体,聚苯乙烯小球被广泛应用于放免药盒［１］,在这一应用中,聚苯乙烯与抗体等蛋白质之间靠非特异性物理吸附结合在一起．但这种固定化较微弱,吸附量难以控制,时间稍长后,蛋白质易于脱落而使放免药盒失效,为解决这一问题,有人曾在聚苯乙烯小...     

多孔硅球固定化木瓜蛋白酶的制备和性质

用载体交联法制备了多孔硅球固定化木瓜蛋白酶。考察了固定化时间、温度、pH值、给酶量和成二醛浓度对固定化木瓜蛋白酶活力的影响。研究了固定化木瓜蛋白酶的性质，并同溶液酶进行了比较。着重考察了固定化木瓜蛋白酶的热稳定性。所制得的固定化木瓜蛋白酶最适温育温度达到80℃，对底物酪蛋白的水解活力随温度的升高而增加，在90℃达到最高值；在70℃温育12小时后酶活力仍能保持高水平。     

硝基胍热解反应途径的量子化学研究

本文用MINDO/3方法研究了硝基胍热解反应的机理。研究结果表明, 硝基胍热解反应可经历两条途径得到主产物(N_2O、H_2O和NH_3)。这两条途径相互竞争, 但生成N_2O及H_2O的途径Ⅰ要容易进行, 是整个反应的启动步。     

STUDY ON THE IMMOBILIZATION OF PAPAIN WITH A MACROPOROUS BEAD CARRIER OF COPOLYMER CONTAINING MONOMER UNITS OF NAMINOETHYL ACRYLAMIDE AND VINYL ALCOHOI

A kind of macroporous bead carrier of copolymer containing monomer units of N-aminoethyl acrylamide and vinylalcohol was synthesized, i.e. the MR-AA carrier. Papain was immobilized on the carrier using glutaraldehyde as the couplingagent. The enzymatic activity of the immobilized papain was compared with free papain using casein as a substrate, and theeffects of glutaraldehyde concentration, pH, temperature, time and papain amount added on the activity recovery were alsoinvestigated. The results show that the MR-AA carrier contains reactive primary amine groups, hydrophilic amido links andhydroxyl groups, as well as macroporous structures based on its matrix (MR-AV matrix), furthermore, the activity recoveryof papain in the immobilization could reach 48%/～58%. In comparison with free papain, the resulting immobilized papainexhibits a remarkable thermostability and better reusability.     

阳离子交换树脂吸附交联固定鸡肝酯酶的实验研究

研究了基于酶抑制原理的农药残留生物传感器中固定化酶的制备方法.以离子交换树脂作为固定化载体,戊二醛为交联剂,采用吸附交联相结合的方法制备了固定化鸡肝酯酶.在 10℃下吸附75min,以及酶活力浓度固定在6U/ml±2U/ml,在交联过程中戊二醛浓度0.04%,10℃下交联1h的条件下可以获得最佳的固定效果.并且,用吸附交联制得的固定化酶相对于用吸附法制得固定化酶用于流动分析过程,其热稳定性和耐冲刷性更好.同时,在保存阶段也具有更好的稳定性.     

STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF 1-OCTENE ZIEGLER-NATTA POLYMERIZATION BASED ON THE NUMBER OF ACTIVE CENTERS

The number of active centers (C_p)-t and k_p-t profiles of Solvay type TiCl_3 - AlR_3 (R=C_2H_5, i-C_4H_9) or Stauffer AA TiCl_3-Al (C_2H_5)_3 catalyzed 1-octene polymerization were determined by using an acetyl chloride quenching method as well as kinetic data. The results show that in the studied systems k_p decreases when C_p increases, indicating the presence of two or more types of different active centers. The C_(p~(-t)) plots of the Solvay TiCl_3-AlR_3 systems show the presence of both stable active centers and unstable centers which decay in the polymerization process. The phenomena are explained based on a model of active center plurality. The increases of C_p in the induction periods are also discussed.     

过硫酸盐和脂肪环胺体系引发机理的ESR研究

用ESR方法研究了过硫酸盐和脂肪环胺吗啉,哌啶及其N-烷基取代衍生物体系引发反应的初级自由基,结合端基分析,证实了这类脂肪环胺与过硫酸盐反应产生的初级自由基都能引发烯类单体聚合。当所用的是脂环仲胺时,其初级自由基为氮中心自由基;用脂环叔胺时,初级自由基是N-烷基的α-碳中心自由基。