我国大病保险最优补偿分段方式与区间数量研究

我国大病保险补偿方案制定中,分段的方式以及区间的数量尤为重要.本文在区间等分、等比递增和等比递减三种分段方式下,分别建立以区间数量为自变量,以大病保险补偿额度为因变量的理论模型.以期望补偿比例作为衡量大病保险补偿水平的标准,在不低于95%的期望补偿比例下,理论结果显示:(i)区间等分、等比递增和等比递减三种分段方式对应的最佳区间数量分别为3个、3个和5个;(ii)在设定前述最优区间数量时,区间等比递增模式的补偿水平最高,其次为区间等比递减模式,区间等分模式的补偿水平最低,但是三者相差不大.接着,基于2015年的CHARLS数据为实证,计算三种区间分段方式下,家庭灾难性医疗支出发生率依次为7.13%、7.26%和7.69%,与理论的结果一致.     

我国大病保险最优补偿分段方式与区间数量研究

我国大病保险补偿方案制定中,分段的方式以及区间的数量尤为重要.本文在区间等分、等比递增和等比递减三种分段方式下,分别建立以区间数量为自变量,以大病保险补偿额度为因变量的理论模型.以期望补偿比例作为衡量大病保险补偿水平的标准,在不低于95%的期望补偿比例下,理论结果显示:(i)区间等分、等比递增和等比递减三种分段方式对应的最佳区间数量分别为3个、3个和5个;(ii)在设定前述最优区间数量时,区间等比递增模式的补偿水平最高,其次为区间等比递减模式,区间等分模式的补偿水平最低,但是三者相差不大.接着,基于2015年的CHARLS数据为实证,计算三种区间分段方式下,家庭灾难性医疗支出发生率依次为7.13%、7.26%和7.69%,与理论的结果一致.     

Evaluating risk of water mains failure using a Bayesian belief network model

It has been reported that since year 2000, there have been an average 700 water main breaks per day only in Canada and the USA costing more than CAD 10 billions/year. Moreover, water main leaks affect other neighboring infrastructure that may lead to catastrophic failures. For this, municipality authorities or stakeholders are more concerned about preventive actions rather reacting to failure events. This paper presents a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) model to evaluate the risk of failure of metallic water mains using structural integrity, hydraulic capacity, water quality, and consequence factors. BBN is a probabilistic graphical model that represents a set of variables and their probabilistic relationships, which also captures historical information about these dependencies. The proposed model is capable of ranking water mains within distribution network that can identify vulnerable and sensitive pipes to justify proper decision action for maintenance/rehabilitation/replacement (M/R/R). To demonstrate the application of proposed model, water distribution network of City of Kelowna has been studied. Result indicates that almost 9% of the total 259 metallic pipes are at high risk in both summer and winter.     

删失截断情形下失效率变点模型的Bayes参数估计

通过添加部分缺失寿命变量数据,得到了删失截断情形下失效率变点模型相对简单的似然函数.讨论了所添加缺失数据变量的概率分布和随机抽样方法.利用Monte Carlo EM算法对未知参数进行了迭代.结合Metropolis-Hastings算法对参数的满条件分布进行了Gibbs抽样,基于Gibbs样本对参数进行估计,详细介绍了MCMC方法的实施步骤.随机模拟试验的结果表明各参数Bayes估计的精度较高.     

An epidemic model of a vector-borne disease with direct transmission and time delay

This paper considers an epidemic model of a vector-borne disease which has direct mode of transmission in addition to the vector-mediated transmission. The incidence term is assumed to be of the bilinear mass-action form. We include both a baseline ODE version of the model, and, a differential-delay model with a discrete time delay. The ODE model shows that the dynamics is completely determined by the basic reproduction number R₀. If R₀?1, the disease-free equilibrium is globally stable and the disease dies out. If R₀>1, a unique endemic equilibrium exists and is locally asymptotically stable in the interior of the feasible region. The delay in the differential-delay model accounts for the incubation time the vectors need to become infectious. We study the effect of that delay on the stability of the equilibria. We show that the introduction of a time delay in the host-to-vector transmission term can destabilize the system and periodic solutions can arise through Hopf bifurcation.     

A hierarchical model for the joint mortality analysis of pension scheme data with missing covariates

A hierarchical model is developed for the joint mortality analysis of pension scheme datasets. The proposed model allows for a rigorous statistical treatment of missing data. While our approach works for any missing data pattern, we are particularly interested in a scenario where some covariates are observed for members of one pension scheme but not the other. Therefore, our approach allows for the joint modelling of datasets which contain different information about individual lives. The proposed model generalizes the specification of parametric models when accounting for covariates. We consider parameter uncertainty using Bayesian techniques. Model parametrization is analysed in order to obtain an efficient MCMC sampler, and address model selection. The inferential framework described here accommodates any missing-data pattern, and turns out to be useful to analyse statistical relationships among covariates. Finally, we assess the financial impact of using the covariates, and of the optimal use of the whole available sample when combining data from different mortality experiences.     

常息力更新场合有限时间破产概率对负相依索赔额的不敏感性

设索赔来到过程为具有常数利息力度的更新风险模型.在索赔额分布为负相依的次指数分布假定下,建立了有限时间破产概率的一个渐近等价公式.所得结果显示,在独立同分布索赔额情形,有限时间破产概率的有关渐近等价公式,在负相依场合依然成立.这表明有限时间破产概率对于索赔额的负相依结构是不敏感的.     

A numerical study on the estimation of the stable size distribution for a cell population balance model

The presence of a steady‐state distribution is an important issue in the modelization of cell populations. In this paper, we analyse, from a numerical point of view, the approach to the stable size distribution for a size‐structured balance model with an asymmetric division rate. To this end, we introduce a second‐order numerical method on the basis of the integration along the characteristic curves over the natural grid. We validate the interest of the scheme by means of a detailed analysis of convergence.     

Long‐time stability and asymptotic analysis of the IFE method for the multilayer porous wall model

In this article, we study the long‐time stability and asymptotic behavior of the immersed finite element (IFE) method for the multilayer porous wall model for the drug‐eluting stents. First, with the IFE method for the spatial descretization, and the implicit Euler scheme for the temporal discretization, respectively, we deduce the global stability of fully discrete solution. Then, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the discrete scheme which reveals that the multilayer porous wall model converges to the corresponding elliptic equation if approaches to a steady‐state in both and norms as . Finally, some numerical experiments are given to verify the theoretical predictions.