On duality between étale groupoids and Hopf algebroids

For any étale Lie groupoid G over a smooth manifold M, the groupoid convolution algebra of smooth functions with compact support on G has a natural coalgebra structure over the commutative algebra which makes it into a Hopf algebroid. Conversely, for any Hopf algebroid A over we construct the associated spectral étale Lie groupoid over M such that is naturally isomorphic to G. Both these constructions are functorial, and is fully faithful left adjoint to . We give explicit conditions under which a Hopf algebroid is isomorphic to the Hopf algebroid of an étale Lie groupoid G.     

On a theorem of Shchepin and Repovš concerning the smoothness of compacta

We show that a theorem of Shchepin and Repovš concerning the smoothness of compacta follows from the theory of semicontinuous relations.     

Group-groupoids and monodromy groupoids

This paper gives an introduction to some results on monodromy groupoids and the monodromy principle, and then develops the notion of monodromy groupoid for group groupoids.     

Commutator theory, action groupoids, and an intrinsic Schreier-Mac Lane extension theorem

Beyond groups of automorphisms in the category Gp of groups and Lie-algebras of derivations in the category K-Lie of Lie algebras, there are structures of internal groupoids (called action groupoids) in both categories. They allow a synthesis of the notion of obstruction to extensions. This leads, in any pointed protomodular category C with split extension classifiers, to a general treatment of non-abelian extensions which can be understood as morphisms in a certain groupoid TorsC.     

Residue formulation of the Chern character on smooth manifolds

The Chern character of a complex vector bundle is most conveniently defined as the exponential of a curvature of a connection. It is well known that its cohomology class does not depend on the particular connection chosen. It has been shown by Quillen that a connection may be perturbed by an endomorphism of the vector bundle, such as a symbol of some elliptic differential operator. This point of view, as we intend to show, allows one to relate Chern character to a noncommutative sibling formulated by Connes and Moscovici.     

Free and free abelian Euler-Satake characteristics of nonorientable 2-orbifolds

We compute the Γ-sectors and Γ-Euler-Satake characteristic of a closed, effective 2-dimensional orbifold Q where Γ is a free or free abelian group. Using this information, we determine a family of orbifolds such that the complete collection of Γ-Euler-Satake characteristics associated to free and free abelian groups determines the number and type of singular points of Q as well as the Euler characteristic of the underlying space. Additionally, we show that any collection of these groups whose Euler-Satake characteristics determine this information contains both free and free abelian groups of arbitrarily large rank. It follows that the collection of Euler-Satake characteristics associated to free and free abelian groups constitute a finer orbifold invariant than the collection of Euler-Satake characteristics associated to free groups or free abelian groups alone.     

Morphisms between complete Riemannian pseudogroups

We introduce the concept of morphism of pseudogroups generalizing the étalé morphisms of Haefliger. With our definition, any continuous foliated map induces a morphism between the corresponding holonomy pseudogroups. The main theorem states that any morphism between complete Riemannian pseudogroups is complete, has a closure and its maps are C^∞ along the orbit closures. Here, completeness and closure are versions for morphisms of concepts introduced by Haefliger for pseudogroups. This result is applied to approximate foliated maps by smooth ones in the case of transversely complete Riemannian foliations, yielding the foliated homotopy invariance of their spectral sequence. This generalizes the topological invariance of their basic cohomology, shown by El Kacimi-Alaoui-Nicolau. A different proof of the spectral sequence invariance was also given by the second author.     

Computations in choice groupoids

Defining achoice as a mapping of the subsets of a setX into their respective subsets, a one-to-one (and naturally) corresponding binary operation,sequential choice, is identified under which the power set ofX is closed as achoice groupoid. A complete logical diagram is given, exhibiting all the implications between conjunctions of the seven conditions: (1) idempotence, (2) consistency, (3) absorbence, and (4) homomorphism of a choice, and (5) commutativity, (6) associativity, and (7) path-independence of the corresponding sequential choice.     

Homotopy groups of moduli spaces of representations

We calculate certain homotopy groups of the moduli spaces for representations of a compact oriented surface in the Lie groups and . Our approach relies on the interpretation of these representations in terms of Higgs bundles and uses Bott-Morse theory on the corresponding moduli spaces.     

Towards a 2-dimensional notion of holonomy

Previous work (Pradines, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 263 (1966) 907; Aof and Brown, Topology Appl. 47 (1992) 97) has given a setting for a holonomy Lie groupoid of a locally Lie groupoid. Here we develop analogous 2-dimensional notions starting from a locally Lie crossed module of groupoids. This involves replacing the Ehresmann notion of a local smooth coadmissible section of a groupoid by a local smooth coadmissible homotopy (or free derivation) for the crossed module case. The development also has to use corresponding notions for certain types of double groupoids. This leads to a holonomy Lie groupoid rather than double groupoid, but one which involves the 2-dimensional information.     

Tannaka duality for proper Lie groupoids

By replacing the category of smooth vector bundles of finite rank over a manifold with the category of what we call smooth Euclidean fields, which is a proper enlargement of the former, and by considering smooth actions of Lie groupoids on smooth Euclidean fields, we are able to prove a Tannaka duality theorem for proper Lie groupoids. The notion of smooth Euclidean field we introduce here is the smooth, finite dimensional analogue of the usual notion of continuous Hilbert field.     

Étale groupoids and their quantales

We establish close and previously unknown relations between quantales and groupoids. In particular, to each étale groupoid, either localic or topological, there is associated a unital involutive quantale. We obtain a bijective correspondence between localic étale groupoids and their quantales, which are given a rather simple characterization and here are called inverse quantal frames. We show that the category of inverse quantal frames is equivalent to the category of complete and infinitely distributive inverse monoids, and as a consequence we obtain a (non-functorial) correspondence between these and localic étale groupoids that generalizes more classical results concerning inverse semigroups and topological étale groupoids. This generalization is entirely algebraic and it is valid in an arbitrary topos. As a consequence of these results we see that a localic groupoid is étale if and only if its sublocale of units is open and its multiplication map is semiopen, and an analogue of this holds for topological groupoids. In practice we are provided with new tools for constructing localic and topological étale groupoids, as well as inverse semigroups, for instance via presentations of quantales by generators and relations. The characterization of inverse quantal frames is to a large extent based on a new quantale operation, here called a support, whose properties are thoroughly investigated, and which may be of independent interest.     

Chirality and principal graph obstructions

Determining which bipartite graphs can be principal graphs of subfactors is an important and difficult question in subfactor theory. Using only planar algebra techniques, we prove a triple point obstruction which generalizes all known initial triple point obstructions to possible principal graphs. We also prove a similar quadruple point obstruction with the same technique. Using our obstructions, we eliminate some infinite families of possible principal graphs with initial triple and quadruple points which were a major hurdle in extending subfactor classification results above index 5.     

On transitive Lie bialgebroids and Poisson groupoids

We prove that, for any transitive Lie bialgebroid (A, A^∗), the differential associated to the Lie algebroid structure on A^∗ has the form d_∗=A[Λ,⋅]+Ω, where Λ is a section of ^∧2A and Ω is a Lie algebroid 1-cocycle for the adjoint representation of A. Globally, for any transitive Poisson groupoid (Γ,Π), the Poisson structure has the form , where ΠF is a bivector field on Γ associated to a Lie groupoid 1-cocycle.     

The Koszul homomorphism for a pair of Lie algebras in the theory of exotic characteristic classes of Lie algebroids

We examine fundamental properties of the universal exotic characteristic homomorphism in the category of Lie algebroids, introduced by the authors in Balcerzak and Kubarski (2012) [4]. The properties under study include: (a) functorial properties with respect to arbitrary morphisms of Lie algebroids, (b) homotopy properties, (c) relationships with the Koszul homomorphism for a pair of isotropy Lie algebras, (d) conditions under which the universal exotic characteristic homomorphism is a monomorphism.     

On the role of effective representations of Lie groupoids

In this paper, we undertake the study of the Tannaka duality construction for the ordinary representations of a proper Lie groupoid on vector bundles. We show that for each proper Lie groupoid G, the canonical homomorphism of G into the reconstructed groupoid T(G) is surjective, although — contrary to what happens in the case of groups — it may fail to be an isomorphism. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions in order that G may be isomorphic to T(G) and, more generally, in order that T(G) may be a Lie groupoid. We show that if T(G) is a Lie groupoid, the canonical homomorphism G→T(G) is a submersion and the two groupoids have isomorphic categories of representations.     

The Eilenberg-Watts theorem over schemes

We study obstructions to a direct limit preserving right exact functor F between categories of quasi-coherent sheaves on schemes being isomorphic to tensoring with a bimodule. When the domain scheme is affine, or if F is exact, all obstructions vanish and we recover the Eilenberg-Watts Theorem. This result is crucial to the proof that the noncommutative Hirzebruch surfaces constructed in C. Ingalls, D. Patrick (2002) [6] are noncommutative P¹-bundles in the sense of M. Van den Bergh [10].     

On geometrically transitive Hopf algebroids

This paper contributes to the characterization of a certain class of commutative Hopf algebroids. It is shown that a commutative flat Hopf algebroid with a non zero base ring and a nonempty character groupoid is geometrically transitive if and only if any base change morphism is a weak equivalence (in particular, if any extension of the base ring is Landweber exact), if and only if any trivial bundle is a principal bi-bundle, and if and only if any two objects are fpqc locally isomorphic. As a consequence, any two isotropy Hopf algebras of a geometrically transitive Hopf algebroid (as above) are weakly equivalent. Furthermore, the character groupoid is transitive and any two isotropy Hopf algebras are conjugated. Several other characterizations of these Hopf algebroids in relation to transitive groupoids are also given.