激光辐照碲镉汞红外焦平面探测器的热应力损伤研究

基于碲镉汞红外焦平面探测器的结构与其材料热力学相关特征,描述了激光辐照碲镉汞红外焦平面探测器造成的损伤机理。根据相关的辐照环境和条件,通过有限元分析法建立了三维仿真模型。基于COMSOL Multiphysics软件仿真了碲镉汞红外探测器受到波长10.6 μm的激光辐照时,探测器各部分的温度变化及应力变化情况;通过数值分析方法,比较了碲镉汞探测器在经过光斑面积相同。功率不同的激光辐照后,其表面径向及内部轴向的温度场变化及应力场变化情况。仿真结果表明:在经过106 W/cm2的连续激光辐照后碲镉汞探测器表面温度与应力快速升高,造成探测器表面损伤,同时探测器被辐照部位的温度变化也导致其内部局部应力值变化。将碲镉汞探测器的应力损伤阈值及变化趋势与文献中相关实验数据进行对比,发现二者结果基本一致,验证了模型的可行性。     

Si基碲镉汞光伏探测器的深能级研究

通过变温I-V测试方法对中波Si基碲镉汞光伏探测器的深能级进行了研究. 首先在产生-复合电流为主导电流机理范围内对Si基碲镉汞探测器的I-1/(k_BT)曲线拟合,得到-0.01 V偏压下单元Si基碲镉汞器件的深能级E_g/4.然后对不同偏压下的实验数据进行了拟合、比较,发现不同偏压下起主导作用的深能级与该偏压下的暗电流机理有较好的对应关系. 最后对-0.01 V偏压下不同面积器件的深能级进行了拟合、比较,发现 关键词： Si基碲镉汞 深能级 产生-复合电流 理想因子     

Al-4%Ag合金中Ag原子偏析的低温正电子湮没参数研究

分别研究了823 K淬火处理和20%形变量的Al-4%Ag低温下Ag析出物对正电子的捕获行为的变化。采用正电子湮没寿命谱(PALS)技术和符合多普勒展宽能谱(CDBS)在温度范围10~293 K内对其进行表征。多普勒展宽能谱结果表明2种样品中均存在Ag析出物。正电子寿命谱的解谱结果中的各组分给出了Ag析出物随测量温度的变化规律。在170 ~273 K之间,正电子湮没行为具有较强的温度依赖性。但对于两个具有不同类型缺陷的样品,在低于170 K时观察到样品中Ag析出物捕获正电子能力出现了差异。随着测量温度的降低,淬火样品中的Ag析出物的正电子寿命和强度基本不变。在低于170 K的测量中,形变样品中的Ag析出物对正电子的捕获能力仍旧存在着较强的温度依赖性,但是变化幅度在逐渐减弱。当测量温度提升到室温(273~293 K),越来越多的正电子从Ag析出物中逃逸,逐渐回到自由状态或被其他深陷阱所捕获,失去了对温度的依赖性。     

同步辐射技术在无序合金结构与性能研究中的应用

同步辐射装置作为大科学装置和多学科的实验平台,已成为物质结构,特别是无序物质结构研究最有效、最先进的手段之一.文章简单介绍了同步辐射技术在研究无序合金结构、液态合金结构、非晶多形态相变以及块体金属玻璃力学行为等方面的应用.随着第三代的上海同步辐射光源（SSRF）的建立,国内用户利用先进的同步辐射技术开展研究又多一个选择, 相信上海光源对中国科研的发展将起到积极的推动作用.     

Cu掺杂β-Si3N4的力学性能和电子结构的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函的第一性原理方法研究了(Si_3-xCu_x)N₄(x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1)晶体的稳定性、力学性能和电子结构,分析了Cu掺杂对β-Si₃N₄力学性能的影响机制.结果表明,(Si_3-xCu_x)N₄为热力学稳定结构,Cu掺杂降低了β-Si₃N₄的稳定性.由弹性常数和Voigt-Reuss-Hill近似看出,(Si_3-xCu_x)N₄满足波恩力学稳定性判据,Cu掺杂使得β-Si₃N₄的体模量、剪切模量和杨氏模量降低,当x=0时,(Si_3-xCu_x)N₄的体模量、剪切模量和杨氏模量最大,分别为234.3 GPa、126.7 GPa和322.1 GPa.根据泊松比和G/B值判断出(...     

Effect of Enhanced Gravity on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al0.9CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy

The influence of enhanced gravity on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al_0.9CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy, which was solidified under normal gravity (acceleration 1 g) and enhanced gravity (acceleration 140 g, acceleration 210 g, and acceleration 360 g) conditions is reported in this paper. Its solidification under enhanced gravity fields resulted in refinement of the columnar nondendritic grain structure and an increase in the area fraction of the body-centered cubic (BCC) structure phases. The mass transfer strengthened by enhanced gravity promoted element diffusion and enrichment, which caused changes in the composition and microstructure that, in turn, affected the mechanical properties of the alloy. The compressive strength and plasticity of the sample solidified at acceleration 360 g were equal to 2845 MPa and 36.4%, respectively, which are the highest values reported to date for Al_0.9CoCrFeNi alloy.     

V-5Cr-5Ti合金弹性和力学性质的第一性原理研究

V-5Cr-5Ti合金作为核聚变堆第一包层的主要候选结构材料之一,但对其力学性质的理论研究相对较少.采用随机固溶体模型,利用第一性原理方法计算出V-5Cr-5Ti合金的弹性常数、体模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量、泊松比和柯西压力等,并与计算出的纯钒的相关数值进行对比,结果表明V-5Cr-5Ti合金具有良好的塑性和强度,但其塑性要略低于纯钒的.并对加入氧原子后的V-5Cr-5Ti合金进行了相关计算,通过对比计算结果发现,由于氧原子的加入,使V-5Cr-5Ti合金的塑性和强度都出现了不同程度的降低.最后对V-5Cr-5Ti合金和纯钒的理论强度进行了计算,并绘制出两者的应力-应变关系图,通过对比再次验证了上面的结论.     

Effects of Viscosity Ratio on Morphological,Rheological and Mechanical Properties of PP/PBT Melt Spun Alloy Fibers

Phase morphology formation plays an important role in the mechanical properties of polymer alloy fibers. The development of the blend morphology depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the component polymers but also on extrinsic factors such as viscosity ratio, λ, in the melt spinning process. The effects of blend component viscosity ratio on the morphological, rheological, and mechanical properties of polypropylene/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PP/PBT) melt spun alloy fibers were investigated. Accordingly, two kinds of PP as matrix phase and two kinds of PBT as dispersed phase, with various melt viscosity, were physically mixed and then blended during the extrusion step of melt spinning. SEM micrographs and rheological and mechanical properties evaluations showed that the morphology of PP/PBT alloy fibers strongly depend on the viscosity ratio, λ. Finer diameter PBT fibrils were observed for Viscosity ratios less than 1 (λ < 1) compared to samples with λ > 1. The best mechanical properties in alloy fiber samples were obtained for the viscosity ratio closest to unity (sample with λ = 0.9). The lowest differences among measured complex viscosities at various shear rates (0.1, 10, and 100 s^?1) were also observed in samples with λ = 0.9. The results showed that the mechanical properties of alloy fiber samples are affected not only by morphological properties observed at different viscosity ratios but also by the properties of the individual polymer components.     

AlCrFeCuNi高熵合金力学性能的分子动力学模拟

高熵合金具有传统合金无法比拟的高强度、高硬度和高耐磨耐腐蚀性,具有广阔的应用前景。为研究AlCrFeCuNi高熵合金(High entropy alloy,HEA)在轴向载荷作用下的力学性能,采用分子动力学方法,模拟高熵合金的实验制备过程并建立原子模型,研究温度和Al的含量对AlCrFeCuNi高熵合金力学性能的影响,从材料学角度分析了变形过程及其具有高塑性的原因。模拟结果表明,AlCrFeCuNi高熵合金在拉伸载荷作用下依次经历弹性、屈服、塑性3个变形阶段。在屈服阶段,开始出现孪晶和层错,孪晶和层错的产生和生长是合金产生不均匀塑性变形的主要原因之一。高熵合金的杨氏模量和屈服应力随着Al含量的增加近似线性降低,同时具有很强的温度效应,温度越低,Al含量越小,其杨氏模量和屈服应力的下降幅度越大。     

冷冻靶中硅冷却臂的温度场和力学分析

冷冻靶是实现惯性约束聚变高能量增益的重要靶型。冷却臂是冷冻靶的重要部件之一,通过它将冷源与铝套筒相连接,用于获得靶丸内均匀氘氚冰层时所需的精确温度,同时冷却臂也用于均匀夹持铝套筒。首先测试分析了硅材料在深低温下的热传导系数,表明硅材料在该温区具有优异的热传导能力。研究了硅冷却臂结构参数对冷却臂温度场分布的影响。分析不同晶向硅冷却臂周向均匀夹持铝套筒的特性,提出基于(111)晶向硅片研制冷却臂。研究了冷却臂力臂夹持力和共振频率,并对硅冷却臂的热-结构耦合进行分析。最后设计具有16个夹持力臂的二级分叉结构的冷却臂。基于微电子机械系统技术研制了硅冷却臂样机,并测试了冷却臂的侧壁垂直度和力学特性。将研制的硅冷却臂与铝套筒进行装配,表明冷却臂中力臂的力学特性能够实现对套筒的夹持。     

Influence of high pulsed magnetic field on tensile properties of TC4 alloy

The tensile tests of TC4 alloy are carried on electronic universal testing machine in the synchronous presence of high pulsed magnetic field(HPMF) parallel to the axial direction.The effects of magnetic induction intensity(5 = 0,1 T,3 T,and 5 T) on elongation(5) of TC4 alloy are investigated.At 3 T,the elongation arrives at a maximum value of12.41%,which is enhanced by 23.98%in comparison with that of initial sample.The elongation curve shows that 3 T is a critical point.With B increasing,the volume fraction of α phase is enhanced from 49.7%to 55.9%,which demonstrates that the HPMF can induce the phase transformation from β phase to α phase.Furthermore,the magnetic field not only promotes the orientation preference of crystal plane along the slipping direction,but also has the effect on increasing the dislocation density.The dislocation density increases with the enhancement of magnetic induction intensity and the 3-T parameter is ascertained as a turning point from increase to decrease tendency.When B is larger than 3 T,the dislocation density decreases with the enhancement of B.The influence of magnetic field is analyzed on the basis of magneto-plasticity effect.The high magnetic field will enhance the dislocation strain energy and promote the state conversion of radical pair generated between the dislocation and obstacles from singlet into triplet state,in which is analyzed the phenomenon that the dislocation density is at an utmost with B = 3 T.Finally,the inevitability of optimized 3-T parameter is further discussed on a quantum scale.     

Modification of the Mechanical Properties of Core-Shell Liquid Gallium Nanoparticles by Thermal Oxidation at Low Temperature

Gallium nanoparticles (Ga NPs) are attracting increasing attention because of their appealing physical-chemical properties. In particular, their mechanical properties play a key role in the implementation of these core-shell structures on certain applications, such as soft and stretchable electronics. Thus, efforts are being addressed to modulate them mainly by chemical means. In contrast, this study investigates how the mechanical properties of the outer gallium thin oxide shell change when its thickness is increased through a thermal oxidation strategy. Specifically, as-deposited Ga NPs, as well as those subjected to thermal oxidation at 300 °C for three different times, are studied by performing single-particle indentations by atomic force microscopy over a wide range of NP radius. This analysis helps to confirm that the Reissner's thin-shell model for small deformations within the elastic regime is obeyed. From these data, the dependence of the shell stiffness and the Young's modulus of the gallium oxide on the thermal treatment is obtained. It is found that the shell stiffness increases with the annealing time, even by a factor of 50 under prolonged thermal oxidation, while the gallium oxide Young's modulus, close to 30 GPa, does not change significantly.     

Mechanical,elastic, anisotropy,and electronic properties of monoclinic phase of m-Si_xGe_(3-x)N_4

The structural,mechanical,elastic anisotropic,and electronic properties of the monoclinic phase of m-Si_3N_4,mSi_2GeN_4,m-SiGe_2N_4,and m-Ge_3N_4are systematically investigated in this work.The calculated results of lattice parameters,elastic constants and elastic moduli of m-Si_3N_4and m-Ge_3N_4are in good agreement with previous theoretical results.Using the Voigt–Reuss–Hill method,elastic properties such as bulk modulus B and shear modulus G are investigated.The calculated ratio of B/G and Poisson’s ratio v show that only m-SiGe_2N_4should belong to a ductile material in nature.In addition,m-SiGe_2N_4possesses the largest anisotropic shear modulus,Young’s modulus,Poisson’s ratio,and percentage of elastic anisotropies for bulk modulus ABand shear modulus AG,and universal anisotropic index AUamong m-Si_xGe_(3-x)N_4(x=0,1,2,3.)The results of electronic band gap reveal that m-Si_3N_4,m-Si_2GeN_4,m-SiGe_2N_4,and m-Ge_3N_4 are all direct and wide band gap semiconducting materials.     

单轴压缩下Ti3B4的力学、电学性能及变形机制的第一性原理研究

Ti3B4作为一种重要的钛硼化合物,被广泛应用于工业生产和国防军事中.但是有关Ti3B4在外载荷下的变形行为却鲜有报道,这在很大程度上限制了它的应用.本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了Ti3B4在不同方向单轴压缩下的力学行为、电子结构以及变形机制.结果表明,在不同方向单轴压缩下,Ti3B4的变形行为表现出很强的各向异性.a轴压缩下,层内Ti-Ti键减弱使Ti3B4承载能力降低,最终层间Ti-Ti键和沿b轴B-B键断裂造成压缩应力突降;b轴压缩下,层内Ti-B键减弱和层间Ti-B键增强导致Ti3B4承载能力逐渐降低,B-B键断裂导致结构破坏;c轴压缩下,层内Ti-B键断裂和层间Ti-B键形成使结构稳定性降低.由态密度分布可知,在单轴压缩下,变形后的Ti3B4仍然呈现金属性,但是其共价性能降低.通过讨论Ti3B4在不同方向单轴压缩下的力学行为与微观变形机制可以为改善其宏观性能提供一定的理论指导.     

高温处理后活性粉末混凝土动力学行为及本构模型研究

 利用分离式霍普金森压杆系统,采用铅片作为整形器,分别对常温下及400、600、800 ℃高温处理后的活性粉末混凝土（Reactive Powder Concrete,RPC）试样进行单轴冲击压缩实验,研究高温后RPC材料的动态力学性能,建立高温处理后材料的率型本构模型。结果表明：经不同高温处理后的RPC材料的动态抗压强度和韧性指标均有较明显的应变率敏感性,而峰值应变、初始弹性模量受应变率影响不大;不同应变率下,400 ℃以上高温处理后RPC材料的单轴动态压缩力学性能有所降低。扫描电镜分析表明,高温处理后RPC材料微观结构的劣化是宏观力学性能降低的根本原因。对ZWT粘弹性本构模型进行了修正,修正后的模型适用于混凝土材料经高温处理后的率型本构关系的分析。