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1.
Effective response in nonlinear spherical coated composites under external AC and DC electric fields
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By using the perturbation method,effective nonlinear direct current(DC) and alternating current(AC) responses of nonlinear composites with spherical coated inclusions randomly embedded in a host medium are studied under the action of an external electric field E a = E 0 + E 1 sin ωt + E 3 sin 3ωt with different amplitudes and frequencies.The local potentials of composites at all harmonics are given in the inclusion particles and the host regions.All effective nonlinear responses to composites and the relationship between the effective nonlinear responses at all harmonics are also deduced for the spherical coated inclusions in a dilute limit. 相似文献
2.
The specific features of the charge transfer in intercalated samples of Ag x HfSe2 have been studied for the first time by alternating current (ac) impedance spectroscopy. It has been found that relaxation processes in an ac field are accelerated with increasing silver content in the samples. The complex conductivity (Y) shows a frequency dispersion described by power law Y ~ ω s , which is characteristic of the hopping conductivity mechanism. The Ag x HfSe2 compounds demonstrate shorter relaxation times as compared to those observed in hafnium diselenide intercalated with copper atoms, and this fact indicates that the charge carrier mobility in the silver-intercalated compounds is higher. The possibility of silver ion transfer in Ag x HfSe2 is confirmed by the measurements performed by the method of electrochemical cell emf. 相似文献
3.
R. Sachdeva A.A. Istratov P.N.K. Deenapanray E.R. Weber 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2006,84(4):351-367
Electrical properties and diffusivity of Hf in single crystal Si have been studied. Several deep level defects were found for Hf in both the upper and lower half of the silicon band gap, and their parameters were measured. Energy levels, concentrations, and capture cross sections were determined for all Hf defects. The DLTS spectra depend on the cooling rate. Analysis of electrical properties yielded a dominant deep level defect at EC -0.27 eV, which showed field enhanced emission due to Poole–Frenkel effect, confirming its donor nature. This agreed with results obtained using CV and TSCAP. In the lower half of the bandgap, a defect level at EV +0.24 eV was found to have a capture barrier of 0.04 eV. Diffusivity of Hf was studied using two methods for Hf incorporation in Si – ion implantation and sputtering. Analysis of broadening of the Hf profile in implanted samples, which were annealed for 168 h, allowed us to estimate the diffusivity of Hf as 1.7×10-15 cm2/s at 1250 °C: the spreading of implanted profiles at lower temperatures was too small. Analysis of Hf depth profiles in the sputtered and annealed samples reveals that Hf appears to have a fast and slow component to its diffusivity whose migration energy was determined to be 3.5±0.3 eV and 4.1±0.3 eV respectively. The fast and slow component are ascribed to interstitial and substitutional Hf with an energy level of EC -0.27 eV and EV +0.43 eV respectively. The mechanism for the fast component seems to indicate a direct interstitial diffusion mechanism whereas the diffusion of the substitutional Hf seems most consistent with the concerted exchange diffusion mechanism. In addition, estimates of solubility for both, interstitial and substitutional Hf, are included. PACS 61.72.Tt; 66.30.Jt; 71.55.Cn 相似文献
4.
In general, the application of an electric field to a photorefractive material with optical activity results in a change in the effective electro-optic coefficient, reff, which, in turn, alters the coupling between the two beams in a two-wave mixing experiment. When an alternating field is applied, this results in a modulation of both the phase and the coupling of the beams. Equations that have been developed to describe the change in the electro-optic coefficient as function of an applied dc field across an optically active crystal, have been used to demonstrate coupling modulation effects in BSO whilst applying large sinusoidal fields. Methods of overcoming these modulation effects are included. 相似文献
5.
Peshkovsky A McDermott AE 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2000,147(1):104-109
We observed magnetization transfer and spectroscopic splittings due to dipolar couplings in the solution NMR spectra of neat nitrobenzene aligned using AC electric fields. Weak dipolar splittings have been previously observed for nitrobenzene in a DC electric field (T. M. Plantenga, et al., Chem. Phys. 66, 1-9, 1982); the use of homogeneous pulsed AC fields has allowed us to establish stable experimental conditions, which were more tolerable to sample impurities and required no sample purification, and to carry out multidimensional experiments. A pulse sequence is discussed in which the electric field is present only for the indirect dimension: this sequence records the dipolar splittings for each proton in the indirect dimension; the direct dimension presents the isotropic chemical shift. Another pulse sequence is discussed that uses the applied electric field only in the mixing period to produce cross peaks between dipolar coupled pairs and correlate their isotropic chemical shifts. The order parameter describing molecular alignment was in good agreement with that previously determined from deuterium quadrupolar measurements of deuterated nitrobenzene in a similar range of electric fields: S(mol) approximately 0.025% for a field strength of 7.0 MV/m (rms). The dipolar splittings for ortho-meta, meta-para, and ortho-para protons were in qualitative agreement with the known geometry. Copyright 2000 Academic Press. 相似文献
6.
C. G. Rodrigues á. R. Vasconcellos R. Luzzi 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2009,72(1):67-75
The influence of intermediate to high electric fields on the optical
properties of direct-gap strongly-polar III-Nitrides is
characterized. It is manifested through the dependence on the
electric field of the nonequilibrium thermodynamic state of the
system, which is characterized by a nonequilibrium effective
temperature (quasi-temperature), quasi-chemical potentials and drift
velocities of the excited carriers driven away from equilibrium, and
the quasi-temperatures of the phonons in the different branches. In
particular, we analyze the processes of absorption and luminescence,
and a field-dependent Roosbroeck-Shockley relation is derived. It is
shown that it is possible to measure the carriers’ drift velocity
and quasi-temperature, in the steady state or with ultrafast time
resolution, resorting to luminescence together with Raman scattering
experiments. 相似文献
7.
The quantum mechanical two — particle problem is considered in hot dense nuclear matter under the influence of a strong electric field such as the field of the residual nucleus in heavy — ion reactions. A generalized Galitskii-Bethe-Salpeter equation is derived and solved which includes retardation and field effects. Compared with the in-medium properties in the zero-field case, bound states are turned into resonances and the scattering phase shifts are modified. Four effects are observed due to the applied field: (i) A suppression of the Pauli-blocking below nuclear matter densities, (ii) the onset of pairing occurs already at higher temperatures due to the field, (iii) a field dependent finite lifetime of deuterons and (iv) the imaginary part of the quasiparticle self-energy changes its sign for special values of density and temperatures indicating a phase instability. The latter effect may influence the fragmentation processes. The lifetime of deuterons in a strong Coulomb field is given explicitly. 相似文献
8.
The quantum mechanical two — particle problem is considered in hot dense nuclear matter under the influence of a strong electric field such as the field of the residual nucleus in heavy — ion reactions. A generalized Galitskii-Bethe-Salpeter equation is derived and solved which includes retardation and field effects. Compared with the in-medium properties in the zero-field case, bound states are turned into resonances and the scattering phase shifts are modified. Four effects are observed due to the applied field: (i) A suppression of the Pauli-blocking below nuclear matter densities, (ii) the onset of pairing occurs already at higher temperatures due to the field, (iii) a field dependent finite lifetime of deuterons and (iv) the imaginary part of the quasiparticle self-energy changes its sign for special values of density and temperatures indicating a phase instability. The latter effect may influence the fragmentation processes. The lifetime of deuterons in a strong Coulomb field is given explicitly. 相似文献
9.
V. I. Kosintsev V. I. Gaman V. M. Kalygina O. E. Modebadze 《Russian Physics Journal》1982,25(5):461-465
The results of an investigation of the temperature and field dependences of the electrical conductivity of vanadium-borate glass with the composition 32.56% V2O5, 46.18% B2O3, and 21.26% CaO (mole %) are discussed. The measurements were carried out on metal-glass-metal sandwich structures in the temperature interval 200–500°K with electric field intensities up to 108 V/m. It is shown that the experimental data for T 350°K can be described within the framework of the percolation conductivity theory with a variable jump length, which permits explaining the value of the critical field and the temperature dependence of the slope of the current-voltage characteristics (CVC). It is proposed that for T > 350°K the essential role in forming the CVC is played by small-radius polarons (SMP) localized in the vicinity of positively charged defect centers (bound SRP).Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 90–94, May, 1982. 相似文献
10.
The application of an external electric field is known to improve flame stability significantly. Until now, few studies have proposed modelling approaches for combustion in the presence of an externally applied voltage. In these numerical studies, the negative ions are overlooked, and only the displacement of positive ions and electrons under the effect of a direct electric field was examined. In the present paper, a simplified mathematical model including negative ions is proposed based on a kinetic mechanism featuring 39 ionic reactions and 5 charged species. This mechanism is first evaluated by comparison of a monodimensional premixed flame with the available experimental data. Then it is used to analyse the stabilisation mechanism of a diffusion lifted flame in the presence of direct or alternating electric fields. It was concluded that the role of negative ions is crucial, and they are not to be neglected. Moreover, the simulations have shown that the magnitude of the flame stabilisation improvement depends, mainly, on the intensity and polarity of the applied voltage. If the applied voltage is alternating, its frequency is also found to influence the extent of the flame stabilisation improvement. 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Electrostatics》2006,64(7-9):513-519
New flows and instabilities are demonstrated for magnetic fluids and by dual analogy to dielectric fluids. If a fluid drop is contained in a thin gap between two glass plates (Hele–Shaw cell) with a simultaneously applied in-plane rotating field and a DC axial field, smooth spirals or an abrupt transformation to many small droplets can occur. A preliminary minimum magnetization and surface energy analysis is presented to model the abrupt transformation in ferrofluids. An analysis of effective DC magnetoviscosity is also presented for planar Couette flow with an applied uniform DC field transverse to a duct axis with the effective magnetoviscosity and flow spin velocity calculated as a function of field strength. Related Couette viscometer measurements of ferrofluid viscosity show zero and negative magnetoviscosity values for rotating magnetic fields. 相似文献
12.
Silver-intercalated zirconium diselenides of the general formula AgxZrSe2 are synthesized for the first time. The phase diagram of the AgxZrSe2 compound is determined in the temperature range 423–523 K and at room temperature. An analysis has revealed the coexistence of two compounds, namely, Ag0.125ZrSe2 and Ag0.25ZrSe2, of which only the latter compound is stable at room temperature. The structural and electrical properties of AgxZrSe2 diselenides are investigated. The results obtained indicate a polaron nature of charge-carrier localization. A comparison with isostructural intercalation compounds shows that free charge carriers play a dominant role in screening of the impurity potential. 相似文献
13.
Effective response in nonlinear spherical coated composites under external AC and DC electric field
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By using the perturbation method, effective nonlinear direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) responses of nonlinear composites with spherical coated inclusions randomly embedded in a host medium are studied under the action of external electric field Ea =E0 +E1 sin ωt+E3 sin 3ωt with different amplitudes and frequencies. The local potentials of composites at all harmonics are given in the inclusion particles and the host regions. All effective nonlinear responses to composites and the relationship between the effective nonlinear responses at all harmonics are also deduced for the spherical coated inclusions in a dilute limit. 相似文献
14.
15.
Effective response of nonlinear cylindrical coated composites under external AC and DC electric field
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This paper uses the perturbation method to study effective response
of nonlinear cylindrical coated composites. Under the external AC
and DC electric field Ea(1 + sinωt), the
local potentials of composites at all harmonic frequencies are
induced. An effective nonlinear response to composite is given for
the cylindrical coated inclusions in the dilute limit. 相似文献
16.
We examined the electrical and local structural properties of a VO2 film at different electric fields using electrical resistance and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements at the V K edge in the temperature range of 30–100 °C. The Tc value of the metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) during both heating and cooling decreases with electric field. When the electric field exceeds a certain value, the MIT becomes sharper due to Joule heating. The MIT, the structural phase transition (SPT), and the pre-edge peak transition of the VO2 do not congruently occur at a uniform temperature. A metallic VO2 is observed in only the rutile (or M2) symmetry. An electric field induces a substantial amount of conduction electrons in insulating VO2. Simultaneously measured resistance and XAFS reveal that Joule heating caused by an external electric field significantly affects the MIT and SPT of VO2. 相似文献
17.
This paper presents a systematic study of the ground-state binding energies of a hydrogenic impurity in quantum dots subjected to external electric and magnetic fields.The quantum dot is modeled by superposing a lateral parabolic potential,a Gaussian potential and the energies are calculated via the finite-difference method within the effectivemass approximation.The variation of the binding energy with the lateral confinement,external field,position of the impurity,and quantum-size is studied in detail.All these factors lead to complicated binding energies of the donor,and the following results are found:(1) the binding energies of the donor increase with the increasing magnetic strength and lateral confinement,and reduce with the increasing electric strength and the dot size;(2) there is a maximum value of the binding energies as the impurity placed in different positions along the z direction;(3) the electric field destroys the symmetric behaviour of the donor binding energies as the position of the impurity. 相似文献
18.
以LANL2DZ为基组, 采用Hartree-Fock(HF)方法研究了不同外电场(-0.025–0.040 a.u.)对ZnSe分子的基态几何结构、电荷分布、能量、电偶极矩、最高占据轨道(HOMO)能级、最低空轨道(LUMO)能级、能隙、红外光谱特性的影响; 继而采用含时的TD-HF方法研究了ZnSe分子在外电场下前9 个激发态的吸收谱、激发能、振子强度等激发特性. 研究结果表明: 当电场从-0.025 a.u.变化到0.04 a.u. 时, 键长先减小后增加; 分子偶极矩先由正减小到0, 然后又反向增加; 体系总能量一直减小; 谐振频率先增加后减小, 红外光谱强度先减小后又增加. ZnSe分子的LUMO能级一直增加, HOMO能级先增加后又减小, 变化趋势较小, 而能隙一直增大. 外电场对ZnSe分子的激发特性影响较大, 当电场从-0.025 a.u.变化到0.04 a.u.时, 激发能增加, 相应的激发波长减小; 对应的振子强度也受到很大影响, 原来振子强度最强的激发态变得很弱, 而原来振子强度很弱的激发态变得最强. 因此, 可以通过改变电场来控制ZnSe的激发特性. 相似文献
19.
A. Thompson N. Nazhestkina A. Siahmakoun G. Duree N. Roesler 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2003,76(5):547-554
We present experimental investigations of electrical fixing techniques in Ce:SBN:60. The effect of crystal fatigue on the
diffraction efficiency of electrically fixed photorefractive gratings is studied. We observed that applying an ac field to
the crystal eliminated crystal fatigue and improved diffraction efficiency. A controllable diffraction efficiency of a photorefractive
grating is presented. A reproducible diffraction efficiency of up to 75% is obtained using a write-reveal grating technique
with high-voltage pulses of opposite polarity. We also show that the diffraction efficiency can be controlled by varying the
intensity of the writing beams incident to the crystal during the recording process. A method of determining the hysteresis
loop using the domain-fixing technique is proposed. The dependence of the diffraction efficiency on the direction of the applied
electric field while writing the hologram is studied. Our experiments show that, during writing, when the electric field is
applied opposite to the c axis the grating can be successfully revealed with both positive and negative dc voltages. However,
when the grating is written with a field parallel to the c axis, the grating can be revealed only with a field applied in
the opposite direction.
Received: 28 October 2002 / Revised version: 28 February 2003 / Published online: 14 May 2003
RID="*"
ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +1-812/872-6167, E-mail: azad.siahmakoun@rose-hulman.edu 相似文献
20.
A. N. Brozdnichenko A. N. Ponomarev V. P. Pronin V. V. Rybalko 《Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques》2007,1(1):110-112
The force interaction between anode and cathode in the process of field-emission current extraction from cathodes based on carbon nanoclusters—carbon nanotubes and astralenes—has been investigated. The measured forces are linear functions of the field-emission current and significantly exceed the forces conditioned by the electrostatic nature of interaction. The observed effect is explained within the framework of a model that suggests the formation of magnetic nanoclusters in the cathode and the emission of polarized electrons. 相似文献