聚丙烯基聚肟偕氨合铜(Ⅱ)—亚硫酸钠体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合动力学

研究了聚丙烯基聚肟偕氮合铜(Ⅱ)(PPAO—Cu)—亚硫酸钠体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)水溶液聚合。表观聚合速度(Rp)是 Rp=9.7×10~(12)e~(88.8kJ/RT) c(MMA)~(0.88) c(Na_2SO_3)~(0.50) 聚合诱导期(τ)与亚硫酸钠浓度成反比,与PPAO—Cu用量和单体浓度无关。可表示为 1/τ=1.2×10~(12)e~(-55.3KJ/R) c(Na_2SO_3)=K_τ·R_ 聚合是由PPAO—Cu/Na_2SO_3氧化还原反应产生的初级自由基所引发。     

DYE-SENSITIZED PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE INITIATED BY COUMARIN DYE/IODONIUM SALT SYSTEM*

The photosensitive initiating system composed of 7-diethylamino-3-(2'-benzimidazolyl)coumarindye (DEDC) and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DIHP) which act as the sensitizer and the initiatorrespectively, can be used to initiate the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The results showedthat when exposed to visible light, coumarin dye/iodonium salt undergoes quick electron transfer from DEDCto DIHP and free radicals are produced. The visible light photoinduced reaction between DEDC and DIHP ismainly through the excited singlet state of DEDC and thus it is a little sensitive to O_2. The influence ofconcentration of DEDC, DIHP and MMA on the rate of photopolymerization of MMA was also investigated.     

THE KINETICS OF METHYL METHACRYLATE POLYMERIZATION INITIATED BY THE VOLATILE PRODUCTS OF A METHYL METHACRYLATE PLASMA

It is found that the volatile products of methyl methacrylate plasma can very actively initiate the polymerization of the monomer to produce ultrahigh molecular weight polymers. This polymerization of MMA occurs by a livlng free radical mechanism with instantaneous initiation and monomer transfer.     

STUDIES ON POLYMERIZATION KINETICS OF METHYL METHACRYLATE AT HIGH CONVERSION

The bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate which was carried out in a metallic dilatometer and in a differential scanning calorimeter has been studied over the complete course of the reaction. An attempt was made to quantitatively express the relation on the onset of gel effect and the final conversion with polymerization conditions such as temperature, kinds and concentration of initiators. It was demonstrated further that the final conversion of polymerization in homogeneous ideal systems is only dependent upon the reaction temperature.     

STUDIES ON RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE INITIATED WITH ORGANIC PEROXIDE-AMINE SYSTEMS

Radical polymerization of methyl mcthacrylate (MMA) initiated with various diacyl peroxideamine systems was studied. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and lauroyl peroxide (LPO) were used as diacyl peroxide component, N,N-dimethyl aniline (DMA) and its para substituted derivatives, i.e., N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMT), p-hydroxymethyl-N,N-dimethyl aniline (HDMA), p-nitro-N,N-dimethyl aniline (NDMA) and p-dimethylamino benzaldehyde (DMAB) were used as amine components. It was found that the peroxide-DMT systems give higher rates of bulk polymerization R_p of MMA than the organic hydroperoxide-DMT systems with the following descending order BPO-DMT>LPO-DMT>CHP (cumene hydroperoxide)-DMT>TBH (tert-butyl hydroperoxide)-DMT. The aromatic tertiary amines possess obvious structural effect on the R_p values in the diacyl peroxideamine system. The overall activation energy of MMA polymerization was determined and thekinetics of polymerization of MMA initiated with BPO-DMT system was investigated.     

Cu~(2+)离子浓度对Cu~(2+)-Na_2SO_3体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合机理的影响

<正> 氧化还原体系引发乙烯类单体自由基聚合过程中,氧化剂或还原剂浓度的变化可能引起聚合机理的改变,Reddy等研究“铜(Ⅱ)——维生素C-氧”体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯的自由基聚合时,发现随着Cu~(2+)离子浓度增加,聚合速度由上升至下降;单体反应级数从3/2增至2.0,我们在空气气氛下,对Cu~(2+)-Na_2SO_3体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合进行了研究,亦发现Cu~(2+)离子浓度对聚合速度和聚合机理有很大影响,在较低的Cu~(2+)离子浓     

KINETICS OF SUSPENDED EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE*

 The kinetics of suspended emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), in which water acted as the dispersed phase and the mixture of MMA and cyclohexane as the continuous phase, was investigated. It showed that the initial polymerization rate (R_p0) and steady-state polymerization rate (R_p) were proportional to the mass ratio between water and oil phase, and increased as the polymerization temperature, the potassium persulphate concentration ([I]) and the Tween20 emulsifier concentration ([S]) increased. The relationships between the polymerization rate and [I] and [S] were obtained as follows: R_p0∝[I]^0.71[S]^0.23.The above exponents were close to those obtained from normal MMA emulsion polymerization. It also showed that the average molecular weight of the resulting poly(methylmethacrylate) decreased as the polymerization temperature,[I]and [S] increased. Thus, MMA suspended emulsion polymerization could be considered as a combination of many miniature emulsion polymerizations proceeding in water drops and obeyed the classical kinetics of MMA emulsion polymerization.     

POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE WITH ORGANOLANTHANIDES AS SINGLE-COMPONENT CATALYSTS*

 It was first found that Ind₂Y(μ-Et)₂AlEt₂ and Ind₂LnN(i-Pr)₂ (Ln = Y, Yb) exhibit extremely high catalytic activity in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The reactions can be carried out over a quite broad range of polymerization temperatures from -30 to 50℃. PMMA with high molecular weight (7.8 × l0^-5) and high isotacticity (94%) can be obtained by using Ind₂Y(μ-Et)₂AlEt₂, and narrow molecular weight distribution (M_w/M_n < 1.5) can be obtained by using Ind₂LnN(iPr)₂(Ln = Y, Yb).     

Cu~(2+)-Na_2SO_3体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合动力学

研究了Gu~(2+)-Na_2SO_3氧化还原体系在静置的密闭空气气氛下引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯水溶液聚合。表观聚合速度(R_p)是 R_p=1.86×10~(15)e~(-24,200/RT)[MMA]~(1·0)[Cu~(2+)]~0[Na_2SO_]~(0·50)覆盖气氛对聚合有显著影响。氧抑制聚合反应,但可使Gu~(2+)离子氧化再生。表现为低的表观聚合速度和高的碰撞频率因子与表现聚合活化能。 本文讨论了引发聚合机理。     

Cu~(2+)—Na_2SO_3体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合动力学

研究了Cu~(2+)—Na_2SO_3氧化还原体系在静置的密闭空气气氛下引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯水溶液聚合。表现聚合速度(R_P)是 R_=1.86×10~(15)e~(-101.6k/RT)[MMA]~(1.0)[Cu~(2+)]~0[Na_2SO_3]~(0.50) 复盖气氛对聚合有显著影响。氧抑制聚合反应,但可使Cu~(2+)离子氧化再生,表现为低的表观聚合速度和高的碰撞频率因子与表观聚合活化能。本文讨论了引发聚合机理。     

MECHANISM FOR THE INITIATION OF ACRYLONITRILE POLYMERIZATION BY POLYPROPYLENE-BASED POLYAMIDOXIME-THIOUREA COMBINATION

Polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) in aqueous nitric acid initiated by polypropylene-based polyamidoxime (PPAO)-thiourea (TU) combination has been investigated. The overall rate of polymerization (R_p) under the conditions of [TU]/[PPAO]<0.5 molar ratio isThe molecular weights of the polymers were found to be inversely proportional to 3/2-power of nitric acid concentration and 1-power of thiourea concentration. In addition, it is independent with the concentrations of monomer and PPAO, and decreases with increasing temperature.On the basis of these experimental results, a coordination-proton transfer mechanism for the initiation was proposed and discussed.     

基团转移聚合的动力学研究

<正> 作为一种新的极性单体加聚方式的基团转移聚合(Group Transfer Polymerization,GTP),近年来发展很快。对不同引发体系和单体的基团转移聚合进行动力学研究,由此得到规律性的认识,明确聚合过程的影响因素,有利于聚合机理的完善。文献已报道了用     

KINETICS OF SUSPENDED EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE

The kinetics of suspended emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), in which water acted as the dispersed phase and the mixture of MMA and cyclohexane as the continuous phase, was investigated. It showed that the initial polymerization rate (Rp0) and steady-state polymerization rate (Rp) were proportional to the mass ratio between water and oil phase, and increased as the polymerization temperature, the potassium persulphate concentration ([I]) and the Tween20 emulsifier concentration ([S]) increased. The relationships between the polymerization rate and [I] and [S] were obtained as follows: Rp0 ∝ [I]0.73[S]0.32 and Rp ∝ [I]0.71[S]0.23. The above exponents were close to those obtained from normal MMA emulsion polymerization. It also showed that the average molecular weight of the resulting poly(methyl methacrylate) decreased as the polymerization temperature, [I] and [S] increased. Thus, MMA suspended emulsion polymerization could be considered as a combination of many miniature emulsion polymerizations proceeding in water drops and obeyed the classical kinetics of MMA emulsion polymerization.     

氧化-还原低温引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯超浓乳液聚合研究

以乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)和共乳化剂十六烷醇 (HD)作为复合乳化体系 ,过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)和N ,N 二甲基苯胺 (DMA)作为氧化还原引发体系 ,甲基丙烯酸甲酯 丙烯酸丁酯 (MMA BA)作为混合单体 ,制备了分散相占 83 %以上的稳定的超浓乳液 ,然后在低温下引发聚合 .探讨了引发剂浓度、氧化剂与还原剂的摩尔比、乳化剂的浓度、液膜增强剂的种类、聚合温度等因素对聚合稳定性和聚合速率的影响 ,测定并计算得到了聚合速率的公式 ;用激光散射粒度分布仪测定了聚合物乳胶粒子的大小及粒径分布 ,用透射电子显微镜观察了聚合物乳胶粒的形态 ,讨论了乳化剂浓度、聚合温度等对乳胶粒形态、大小的影响     

RADIATION-INDUCED EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE IN SOAP-FREE SYSTEM

Radiation-induced emulsion polymerization of styrene in soap-free system has beenstudied and the monodisperse polystyrene lattices were obtained. Both its purity and emulsionconversion are better than that of chemically initiated polymers.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丁酯在钕盐催化体系中聚合动力学和机理研究

采用Ｎｄ（Ｐ５０７）３－Ａｌ（ｉ－ＢＵ）３聚合体系催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）和甲基丙烯酸丁酯（ＢＭＡ）聚合．发现介质对聚合反应速率影响甚大．在石油醚中聚合反应速率与单体（ＭＭＡ、ＢＭＡ）、钕盐的浓度分别呈一级关系．ＭＭＡ．ＢＭＡ聚合的表现活化能分别为３３ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ－１和２４ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ－１．ＰＭＭＡ的间同含量达７０％左右．聚合反应属配位自由基机理．     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯高转化聚合动力学的研究

以金属膨胀计和差热扫描量热计法对甲基丙烯酸甲酯本体聚合的凝胶效应临界转化率和最终转化率与温度、引发剂种类和浓度等聚合条件的定量关系进行了探讨。进一步论证了均相理想聚合体系的最终转化率仅是温度系数。     

有机过氧化物-芳叔胺体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合的研究

以过氧化二酰(BPO、LPO)或有机过氧化氢物(TBH、CHP)和芳叔胺如DMA或对位具有不同取代基的衍生物组成的引发体系进行MMA聚合,研究过氧化物与胺的结构对聚合的影响。结果表明,过氧化二酰的活性要比有机过氧化氢物大,其顺序为BPO>LPO>CHP>TBH。对于BPO-芳叔胺或LPO-芳叔胺体系,芳叔胺中给电子取代基能提高聚合速度,而吸电子取代基能降低聚合速度。测定了MMA聚合的总活化能E_α,BPO-芳叔胺体系时E_α=36-54kJ/mole,LPO-芳叔胺体系时E_α=56-71kJ/mole;还研究聚合动力学。     

丙烯腈在金属镁引发下的聚合动力学

研究了金属镁在硝酸溶液中引发丙烯腈的聚合反应。实验结果表明,聚合速度与金属镁的用量无关,并且当[HNO_3]>[AN]时服从下列关系式: R_p=1.91×10~5e~(-15000/RT)[Mg]~0[AN]~(2.2)[HNO_3]~(0.45) 丙烯腈-丙烯酸甲酯的共聚试验证明,聚合反应是按自由基机理进行。     

双官能度引发剂引发苯乙烯聚合微观动力学

采用 2 ,5 二甲基 2 ,5 二己酰基过氧化己烷 (DMDEHPH)为引发剂 ,在 5 5～ 80℃下引发苯乙烯聚合 .通过研究影响聚合速率的各种因素 ,得出了聚合速率对单体浓度和引发剂浓度的级数分别为 1 0和 0 5次、聚合活化能为 92 0kJ mol、引发效率为 0 5 5± 0 0 3.温度一定 ,引发效率随引发剂浓度的增加而减小 .求得 6 0和70℃下DMDEHPH向引发剂的链转移常数分别为 0 0 37和 0 0 4 8、向单体的链转移常数分别为 0 5 9× 10 - 4和0 75× 10 - 4.