蓄冷器内部气体微团的热力过程分析

从脉冲管制冷机中的核心部件蓄冷器入手,考虑不同情况下气体微团的具体热力过程,循序渐进的分析等温和有温度梯度情况下蓄冷器内部不同相位关系的气体微团的压缩和膨胀过程,得出蓄冷器的泵热效应;并通过一定程度的近似假设,给出蓄冷器内部气体微团的理论制冷量的近似公式,得到影响脉冲管制冷机理论制冷量的关键因素。     

圆形内肋管蓄冷器蓄冷结冰厚度与时间的分析

文中提出了圆形内肋管蓄冷器的物理模型,并对其蓄冰过程建立数学模型;经过模型求解,得出了该蓄冷器蓄冰过程结冰厚度与时间的关系。该结果能较好的反映蓄冰动态过程。     

脉冲管制冷机蓄冷器的热力学循环数值分析

脉冲管制冷机内部工质气体热力学循环是理解脉冲管制冷机制冷机理的一个重要方面。本文采用拉格朗日方法对制冷机蓄冷器内部气体微团热力学循环进行了数值统计分析,结果表明,对于变频率和充气压力工况,蓄冷器内单位质量气体单位时间内循环换热量和制冷机能达到的最低制冷温度紧密相关。     

蓄冷器和脉冲管尺寸对制冷机性能的影响

多年来为提高微型脉冲管制冷机的效率,在调相机构方面做了大量的工作,但在脉冲管制冷机各部件的最优几何尺寸方面所做的工作较少,本文用实验方法研究了蓄冷器和脉冲管的几何尺寸对一高频微型脉冲管制冷机性能的影响,由不同尺寸的脉冲管和蓄冷器组成了25个微型脉冲管制冷机,每个制冷机在不同的充气压力下进行了试验,实验结果表明,对于扫气体积为 1.66cm3的压缩机而言,最佳的蓄冷器和脉冲管无量纲尺寸（蓄冷器的空体积、脉冲管的体积与压缩机扫气体积之比）分别在1.1～1.2附近和0.7～1.0之间。     

蓄冷器填料非金属化后性能变化的机理分析

从蓄冷填料的体积比热容和热穿透深度两方面入手,对脉冲管制冷机蓄冷器非金属化后的性能变化进行了系统的机理分析。理论分析显示,蓄冷填料的非金属化恶化了蓄冷器的性能,并在一定程度上制约了脉冲管制冷机的微型化和高频化。本文同时对理论分析进行了简要的实验验证。     

蓄冷器空体积对脉冲管制冷机性能的影响

基于理想气体与蓄冷器的假设,运用热力学第一、二定律对蓄冷器进行热力学分析,研究工质温度在蓄冷器单元内的变化,以及脉管制冷机运行频率对工质温度的影响,并运用Matlab软件,对蓄冷器单元内温度进行模拟.研究表明:对于理想蓄冷器,同等压力波幅下,增大频率和蓄冷器空体积,都会增大气体的温度波动幅值.     

室温磁制冷主动式磁蓄冷器数值模拟

提出了一个研究工作参数、设计参数对主动式磁蓄冷器(AMR)制冷性能影响的数值模型。三个主要参数包括:质量流量m、频率f、蓄冷器孔隙率ε,被用来表征AMR的制冷能力。数值模拟的结果表明:对一个AMR而言,存在一个最佳孔隙率;在某一确定孔隙率条件下,AMR存在最佳换热流体质量流量和最佳工作频率;与高频相比,AMR在较低频率下有更好的制冷性能,一味提高频率并不一定能提高AMR的制冷量。模拟结果对磁制冷样机的设计、工作参数的选择有很大的指导意义。     

低温蓄冷器流动特性的理论分析和实验研究 第二部分:阻力特性

交变流动蓄冷器流动特性的研究是高频脉冲管制冷机进一步实用化的重要课题之一。文中建立了热线风速仪的低温标定实验台和低温交变流动蓄冷器流动阻力的动态测试实验台 ,并在冰盐温度下和液氮温区进行了实验研究 ,重点研究了液氮温区蓄冷器交变流动的阻力特性 ,给出了充气压力、运行频率、丝网目数、小孔开度对交变流动蓄冷器阻力特性的影响。     

低温蓄冷器流动特性的理论分析和实验研究 第三部分:压降因子和摩擦系数

交变流动蓄冷器的压降因子和阻力系数对实际的工程计算、数值模拟及制冷机的设计有重要的意义 ,然而对低温交变流动蓄冷器的阻力特性一直缺乏系统的实验结果。文中给出了低温交变流动蓄冷器的压降因子及液氮温区交变流动蓄冷器摩擦系数的拟合公式 ,并为常温下的实验对比 ,对低温蓄冷器的设计提供了参考     

非晶合金的磁热效应及磁蓄冷性能

非晶合金的功能物性开发是突破非晶合金应用瓶颈的关键点之一.磁相变是非晶合金的一个重要特征.利用非晶合金的磁相变所带来的独特效应,可以将其应用于制冷领域.一方面非晶合金的磁热效应可以作为磁制冷材料应用于磁制冷机,另一方面非晶合金的比热突变可以作为磁蓄冷材料应用于低温制冷机.本文就非晶合金的磁热效应和磁蓄冷性能的原理、特征及其应用前景进行了详细介绍.     

A mathematical model of “Gone with the Wind”

We develop a mathematical model for mimicking the love story between Scarlett and Rhett described in “Gone with the Wind”. In line with tradition in classical physics, the model is composed of two Ordinary Differential Equations, one for Scarlett and one for Rhett, which encapsulate their main psycho-physical characteristics. The two lovers are described as so-called insecure individuals because they respond very strongly to small involvements of the partner but then attenuate their reaction when the pressure exerted by the partner becomes too high. These characteristics of Scarlett and Rhett clearly emerge during the first part of the film and are sufficient to develop a model that perfectly predicts the complex evolution and the dramatic end of the love story. Since the predicted evolution of the romantic relationship is a direct consequence of the characters of the two individuals, the agreement between the model and the film supports the high credibility of the story. Although credibility of a fictitious story is not necessary from a purely artistic point of view, in most cases it is very appreciated, at the point of being essential in making the film popular. In conclusion, we can say that we have explained with a scientific approach why “Gone with the Wind” has become one of the most successful films of all times.     

基于主动轮廓模型的EAST等离子体边界重建

通过分析等离子体边界的等磁通特性,利用主动轮廓模型进行边界重建,给出了主动轮廓的能量计算方法、重建算法、边界磁通和初始轮廓的确定方法。利用EAST实验数据对边界的重建测试表明,该算法具有良好的准确性和实时性。     

一种耦合斯特林制冷效应的复合式磁制冷循环的数值模拟

介绍了一种斯特林回热式制冷效应和主动式磁制冷效应耦合的新型制冷循环。循环采用的回热填料钆既是磁制冷循环的磁热材料又是斯特林制冷的回热材料。通过斯特林回热式制冷循环和磁制冷效应的正面耦合叠加获得更优良的制冷效果。同时介绍了一种磁制冷回热器的数值计算模型,本模型是基于控制容积法计算的一维交变流动模型,并对常规回热器内填料能量控制方程进行了修正,考虑了磁性材料磁热效应的影响,添加内热源项。论文计算分析了系统相位角、压力和频率的变化对制冷性能的影响。文中给出的部分模拟结果对后续实验台的改造有一定的借鉴指导作用。     

Phase transitions of perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion induced with ultrasound: A mathematical model

While ultrasound has been used in many medical and industrial applications, only recently has research been done on phase transformations induced by ultrasound. This paper presents a numerical model and the predicted results of the phase transformation of a spherical nanosized droplet of perfluorocarbon in water. Such a model has applications in acoustic droplet vaporization, the generation of gas bubbles for medical imaging, therapeutic delivery and other biomedical applications.The formation of a gas phase and the subsequent bubble dynamics were studied as a function of acoustic parameters, such as frequency and amplitude, and of the physical aspects of the perfluorocarbon nanodroplets, such as chemical species, temperature, droplet size and interfacial energy. The model involves simultaneous applications of mass, energy and momentum balances to describe bubble formation and collapse, and was developed and solved numerically. It was found that, all other parameters being constant, the maximum bubble size and collapse velocity increases with increasing ultrasound amplitude, droplet size, vapor pressure and temperature. The bubble size and collapse velocity decreased with increasing surface tension and frequency. These results correlate with experimental observations of acoustic droplet vaporization.     

Automatic detection of colloidal particles based on a shape regularized integrated active contour model

Manual segmentation of single colloidal particle in suspension encounters a bottleneck when a number of defocused particles simultaneously exist in an image. In this paper, we describe an image processing algorithm for extracting individual particle from digitized microscope images of colloidal suspensions. We propose a particle detection and location solution using a shape regularized integrated active contour model (ACM). Compared with existing methods where active contour models are not applied well to deal with multiple objects in complicated background, the proposed approach can automatically identify and locate multiple particles by combining characteristics of the particles such as shape, boundary and region. A regularization term is defined by prior information of specific shape, which is able to drive the shape of evolving curve toward the shape prior gradually. To locate the centers of the particles, the Hough transform is applied. Experimental results using polystyrene beads as sample particles reveal that the method has high efficiency and ability to deal with colloidal particles.     

动态调整出水温度的高效制冷方法研究

通过数学方法较为精确地建立了吸收式制冷机需满足负荷要求的数学模型,确立了蒸发器冷冻水出口温度与室外温度之间的关系式。进而建立了吸收式出水温度控制系统的动态特性模型,并采用并联程序法对水温控制系统进行仿真。     

二维正方晶格Compass-Ising模型的方向序和磁有序

采用Monte Carlo方法研究二维正方晶格Compass-Ising模型的低温性质.通过调节过渡参量 ,计算了阻挫对方向序和磁有序的影响. 结果表明,阻挫的增加,易于形成方向序,同时会抑制磁有序. 当阻挫足够强时,磁有序将被破坏. 方向序和磁有序间的转变是一个逐渐过渡的过程,并不存在明显相变.     

Random field effects on the anisotropic quantum Heisenberg model with Gaussian random magnetic field distribution

The effect of a zero-centered Gaussian random magnetic field distribution on the phase transition properties of the anisotropic quantum Heisenberg model has been investigated on a honeycomb lattice within the framework of effective field theory (EFT) for a two-spin cluster (which is abbreviated as EFT-2). Particular attention has been devoted to investigation of the effect of the anisotropy in the exchange interaction on a system with Gaussian random magnetic field distribution. The variation of the critical temperature with the randomness parameter (i.e., the width of the distribution) has been obtained for several anisotropy parameters. Critical Gaussian distribution width values, which make the critical temperature zero, have been obtained. Moreover, it has been concluded that all critical temperatures are of second order, and that reentrant behavior does not exist in the phase diagrams.