“带电粒子在电场和磁场中的运动”课程思政设计

大学物理课程应注重科学伦理和科学思维方法的教育,培养学生的不畏艰险、勇攀科学高峰、追求真理的精神.课程思政建设要有机融入课堂教学,需要把思政元素融入教材编审、教案课件、教学大纲、课程目标设计各个方面,贯穿于课程授课、学生课堂讨论、作业和考试等各环节.以"带电粒子在电场和磁场中的运动"课思政设计为例,把课程思政融入知识传授,使物理课程成为立德树人的重要阵地.     

Plastic surgery in professional voice users: Special considerations

Many professional voice users undergo cosmetic plastic surgery. Cosmetic procedures can be especially important for the professional who needs to improve appearance to enhance his or her career. It is essential for any patient considering such surgery to fully define the cosmetic change desired, to choose the appropriate procedure, and to avoid complications as much as possible. It is especially important for the professional voice user planning plastic surgery to understand the special considerations that could affect both the voice and the ability to perform in general. He or she must be able to choose a surgeon who understands the special needs of the professional voice user, who can make the appropriate decisions regarding anesthesia and choice of surgical procedures, and who understands both the transient and potentially permanent sequelae of cosmetic plastic surgery. With this knowledge, surgery can be planned that minimizes potential complications involving the voice or the artist's performing schedule.     

Risk factors and management of vocal cord hemorrhages: An experience with 44 cases

Risk factors for vocal cord hemorrhages were reviewed in 44 professional voice users. In a majority of cases, the direct cause of hemorrhage was temporally related to singing, public speaking, or some form of forceful laryngeal activity. Sixteen of the 44 patients had a concomitant upper respiratory tract infection, and in the case of women patients, eight of 30 had hormonal imbalances. These included abnormal menstrual cycles, use of estrogen supplements, gynecological surgery, and the use of birth control pills. In most of these cases, correction of the underlying hormonal disturbance prevented the recurrence of bleeding episodes. We stress that such abnormalities should be ruled out by history and appropriate tests when necessary, to prevent the occasional crippling sequelae of vocal cord hemorrhages and review the various treatment options available for this condition.     

Perceptual confusions of high-pitched sung vowels

Questions exist as to the intelligibility of vowels sung at extremely high fundamental frequencies and, especially, when the fundamental frequency (F0) produced is above the region where the first vowel formant (F1) would normally occur. Can such vowels be correctly identified and, if so, does context provide the necessary information or are acoustical elements also operative? To this end, 18 professional singers (5 males and 13 females) were recorded when singing 3 isolated vowels at high and low pitches at both loud and soft levels. Aural-perceptual studies employing four types of auditors were carried out to determine the identity of these vowels, and the nature of the confusions with other vowels. Subsequent acoustical analysis focused on the actual fundamental frequencies sung plus those defining the first 2 vowel formants. It was found that F0 change had a profound effect on vowel perception; one of the more important observations was that the target tended to shift toward vowels with an F1 just above the sung frequency.     

Noise exposure of workers of the construction sector

Noise is one of the most highly found physical contaminants in the construction sector. The most negative effects caused by noise exposure are related to the hearing system and may produce professional deafness or even permanent deafness. As these effects have a very important influence on people’s health and well-being, it is necessary to assess the noise exposure and to develop mechanisms for studying and proposing preventive solutions.This work has studied the noise levels which the workers of the construction sector are exposed to. A number of representative measurements have been carried out using a sound level meter and a dosimeter to collect data from workers devoted to different tasks in the construction process. Analysis of the most important levels and indexes have been done with those data, and afterwards, they have been compared with the limits imposed by the different current regulations.     

Normal strobovideolaryngoscopy: Variability in healthy singers

Strobovideolaryngoscopy has proven essential to accurate diagnosis of voice disorders. Clinical interpretation of stroboscopic images usually follows a standard assessment protocol. Features analyzed typically include symmetry of amplitude, symmetry of phase, regularity of periodicity, amplitudes and wave forms of individual vocal folds, presence or absence of a dynamic segments, and other features. Speed and smoothness of abduction and adduction are also assessed. In order for stroboscopic data to be used meaningfully in a clinical setting, it is essential for the laryngologist to recognize the range of normal variability of these parameters. This may be particularly important when trying to establish diagnoses for subtle voice disorders in professional voice users. This study investigates strobovideolaryngoscopic findings in a population of normal professional singers without voice complaints. “Abnormal” strobovideolaryngoscopic findings occur in this asymptomatic population of “volunteers”. These abnormalities might have been misinterpreted as causing voice complaints if seen for the first time when the singer sought medical care for a voice problem. Physicians must be aware of the range of laryngeal behavior that may be found among normal subjects and must be cautious when interpreting strobovideolaryngoscopic findings. This study also highlights the importance of obtaining “normal” baseline strobovideolaryngoscopic evaluations on professional voice users. The review of strobovideolaryngoscopy performed upon 65 healthy, asymptomatic professional singers revealed an incidence of 58% “abnormal” findings as six clinical entities.     

二组元变焦距系统辅助设计的软件研究

虽然常用的光学设计软件能够对具有良好的初始解的变焦距系统进行光路的优化计算,但它们对初始系统本身的构建和设计缺乏足够的支持能力。论述了一种二组元变焦距初始系统辅助光学设计软件的设计思路。该程序大大简化了设计人员选择和验证初始系统的计算过程,通过与常用光学设计软件(Zemax和SOD88)的交叉配合,可充分利用它来校正像差和优化系统的性能,能很快地完成变焦距初始系统的构建和评价。实践证明:该软件能够大大加快变焦距系统的设计进程。     

The young adult voice

Young adulthood is notable for rapid physical changes and psychosocial instability. Care of the young adult professional voice requires knowledge of the specific anatomic and physiologic changes associated with the mutational voice, as well as the effects of general growth and maturation on the vocal mechanism. The effects of psychological stresses common to young adulthood, such as educational commitments and early career choices, must also be understood. Upper respiratory infection and allergies are common in this age group. Treatment of these conditions must be tailored in the professional voice user because of the potential side effects of some medications and the performance imperatives of the patient. Surgical indications for tonsillectomy in the young voice patient are discussed. There are no special considerations in the evaluation and treatment of laryngeal pathology in the young adult, with the exception of limiting the use of sedative anesthesia. However, conservatism in surgical decision-making is advised. The development of a stable, efficient vocal technique and a mature professional background requires time, patience, and hard work.     

基于改进模糊聚类法的维修专业设置方法研究

针对当前数字化部队存在维修保障专业冗余、维修人员闲置、维修保障资源使用冲突的问题,对功能相似的维修专业进行合并重组提高维修保障效率。在现有基于装备功能组成的维修专业设置的基础上,运用改进的模糊聚类法对现行二级维修专业进行分类聚合,构建基于装备技术构成的维修专业设置模型。该模型对功能相似的冗余维修专业进行合并,可以减少维修专业冗余和维修人员的闲置,避免维修保障资源使用的冲突,为数字化部队维修专业设置提供可行方案。     

Populations in the U.S. workforce who rely on voice as a primary tool of trade: a preliminary report

The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics and other sources wereconsulted about the percentages of the working population that we identified as professional voice users. The largest percentage may be in sales and sales related occupations (13%), but the exact breakdown of those who approach their clients vocally rather than by mail is still uncertain. The second largest population is teachers, who comprise 4.2% percent of the U.S. workforce (1994 statistic). Teachers have been identified as having the greatest incidence of voice disorders. Population data are also given for professional voice users who could present a significant hazard to public safety if their vocal communication skills were severely impaired.     

Who Will Score? A Machine Learning Approach to Supporting Football Team Building and Transfers

Background: the machine learning (ML) techniques have been implemented in numerous applications, including health-care, security, entertainment, and sports. In this article, we present how the ML can be used for building a professional football team and planning player transfers. Methods: in this research, we defined numerous parameters for player assessment, and three definitions of a successful transfer. We used the Random Forest, Naive Bayes, and AdaBoost algorithms in order to predict the player transfer success. We used realistic, publicly available data in order to train and test the classifiers. Results: in the article, we present numerous experiments; they differ in the weights of parameters, the successful transfer definitions, and other factors. We report promising results (accuracy = 0.82, precision = 0.84, recall = 0.82, and F1-score = 0.83). Conclusion: the presented research proves that machine learning can be helpful in professional football team building. The proposed algorithm will be developed in the future and it may be implemented as a professional tool for football talent scouts.     

用RC电路测量并分析介电频率谱

介绍了用自搭式RC电路测量电介质介电频率谱的方法,并对样品PZT5介电谱的两个谐振峰做了分析.与精密的阻抗分析仪的测量结果相比较,证明该实验方法可行.     

构建跨平台、易维护的物理CAI演示软件开发环境(PCAIDE)的设想

提出了一个构建“跨平台、易维护的物理CAI演示软件开发环境(PCAIDE)”的设计方案．该方案不仅使得软件的升级和维护更易实现,而且还提供给物理教学人员和普通学生一个专业计算机水准的、具有二次开发功能的物理CAI演示软件开发平台．     

Speaking fundamental frequency characteristics as a function of age and professional singing

The purposes of this project were to discover (1) if the speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) levels of professional singers differ significantly from those of nonsingers and (2) if the age-related SFF patterns are similar for these two classes of individuals. Sixty professional singers and 94 nonsingers were recorded reading the first paragraph of the “Rainbow Passage;” both males and females were included. Three paired groups (young, middle, and old age) were studied; they were selected on the basis of health and age. The professional singer groups were further divided by a binary voice classification system, specifically that of soprano/alto for women and tenor/baritone for men. It was found that the sopranos and tenors exhibited significantly higher SFF levels then did the age-matched nonsingers, whereas the altos and baritones did not differ significantly from the controls. Relationships within the performer groups were mixed. For example, there appeared to be a systemic trend for the sopranos and tenors to exhibit higher SFF levels than the altos and baritones. Finally, although the nonsinger SFF levels varied significantly as a function of age, those for the professional singers did not.     

生物物理新技术在ATP合成酶超分子结构中的应用

现代物理技术与方法的发展为腺苷三磷酸(ATP)合成酶分子的研究提供了丰富而有效的手段。 介绍了ATP合成酶研究中常用的物理技术与方法如质谱技术、 核磁共振技术、 X射线衍射技术、 红外光谱和紫外光谱技术的物理原理及其在ATP合成酶研究中的应用, 并重点介绍了新兴非常规手段如原子力显微镜、 荧光共振能量转移技术在ATP合成酶研究中的最新研究成果; 通过对比诸多技术与方法近年来在国内外研究中的进展情况, 对各种技术与方法的优缺点进行了阐述。     

Stabilization of oleic acid in audio tapes

Oleic acid is an excellent lubricant in professional audio tapes. The oxidation sensitivity and the stabilization of oleic acid in studio tapes has been tested. Radical scavenging antioxidants which are unvolatile, compatible with the coating, and toxicologically safe turned out to be the most suitable stabilizers.     

微电子实验教学改革探索

介绍了微电子学专业的历史、现状和专业实验现状,详细阐述了微电子学专业实验体系的建立和内容。     

Predicting Mutational Change in the Speaking Voice of Boys

SUMMARY: The authors investigated whether acoustic speaking voice analyses can be used to predict the beginning of mutation in 21 male members of a professional boys' choir. Over a period of 3 years before mutation, children were examined every 3 months by ear, nose, and throat (ENT) and phoniatric specialists. At the same time, the voice was evaluated acoustically using analysis features of the Goettingen Hoarseness Diagram (GHD). Irregularity component and noise component, jitter, shimmer, mean waveform correlation coefficient, and fundamental frequency were determined from recordings of the speaking voice. Significant changes of acoustic features appeared 7 and 5 months before mutation onset, which indicates that vocal function is already restricted 6 months before mutation onset. This acoustic voice analysis is therefore suitable to support the care of the professional singing voice.     

Singing proficiency in the general population

Most believe that the ability to carry a tune is unevenly distributed in the general population. To test this claim, we asked occasional singers (n=62) to sing a well-known song in both the laboratory and in a natural setting (experiment 1). Sung performances were judged by peers for proficiency, analyzed for pitch and time accuracy with an acoustic-based method, and compared to professional singing. The peer ratings for the proficiency of occasional singers were normally distributed. Only a minority of the occasional singers made numerous pitch errors. The variance in singing proficiency was largely due to tempo differences. Occasional singers tended to sing at a faster tempo and with more pitch and time errors relative to professional singers. In experiment 2 15 nonmusicians from experiment 1 sang the same song at a slow tempo. In this condition, most of the occasional singers sang as accurately as the professional singers. Thus, singing appears to be a universal human trait. However, two of the occasional singers maintained a high rate of pitch errors at the slower tempo. This poor performance was not due to impaired pitch perception, thus suggesting the existence of a purely vocal form of tone deafness.     

在光学实验中开设计算全息实验的探讨

计算全息能很好地实现传统光学全息干涉衍射过程的数字化模拟,与传统实验相比,实验参数调整方便,现象直观。将计算全息引入到光学实验教学中,可以突破传统实验的诸多限制,拓宽学生的专业知识面,促进学生的综合实验技能培养。