共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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实验测量了完全浸泡在水中的玻璃珠颗粒样品在重力驱动下通过不同倾角和孔径的圆形孔洞的流量.发现与空气中的情形类似,不同孔径时的流量均与倾角余弦呈良好的线性关系;线性外推得到的零流量角,即流量休止临界角,随颗粒粒径与孔洞直径之比d/D的减小而线性增加;在无穷大孔径极限下,此临界角在实验误差范围内与样品的休止角一致.此外,所有测量都可用Beverloo公式Q=C0ρg1/2(D-kd)5/2很好地拟合;其中参数C0和k仅与倾角余弦有关,分别呈线性和平方反比关系.与文献报道的空气孔洞流测量结果对比,发现差别主要来自浮力和流体拖曳力对参数C0的影响.这些结果表明用倾斜孔洞流测量颗粒材料休止角的方法和Beverloo公式具有一定的普适性.无论颗粒间隙中填充的是水还是空气,孔洞流的行为在定性上是一样的. 相似文献
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本文发现在测量误差内颗粒物质的下列三个临界角度相等: 1)从直径为D的倾斜孔洞流出的Beverloo颗粒流的流量开始停止的临界倾角θc 向大孔径极限线性外推θc∞≡θc(D→∞) 的补角θs∞= 180°-θc∞;2) 从靠近堆顶的点源向光滑底板缓慢下落颗粒形成的圆锥形堆的休止角θr; 3) 直接剪切矩形颗粒固体测得的库仑内摩擦角φ. 该结果倾向支持倾斜孔洞和颗粒堆自由表面的固-液转变与颗粒固体内部的库仑屈服均来自材料的同一临界性质. 由于三种情况样品的内部应力和变形等都是目前还远不能定量分析的复杂非均匀分布, 我们仅从定性角度对此给出一些讨论. 相似文献
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超短脉冲高斯光束在线性色散介质中的远场特性 总被引:12,自引:12,他引:0
基于瑞利-索末菲衍射积分公式,在未作近轴近似的条件下,推导出等束宽超短脉冲高斯光束通过线性色散介质的远场公式,并用于研究其远场特性,所得公式可用于大衍射角情况.结果表明,等束宽脉冲高斯光束的频谱上存在一临界角,小于临界角时,出现蓝移;大于临界角时,出现红移,红移量随着衍射角的增大而增大.而脉冲波形将经历时间移动,移动量随衍射角的增大而增大;远场高斯脉冲波形将不再保持不变.此外,群速度色散将引起啁啾,啁啾量随衍射角的增大而减小. 相似文献
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以往的实验研究中,已经知道粗糙边界条件下,二维颗粒流的颗粒流量是以通道中心横向对称分布的,颗粒流横向分布既受通道宽度的影响,同时也受通道斜面倾斜角的影响,而且颗粒在通道两侧的分布明显少于通道中间. 主要研究粗糙边界附近颗粒分布随通道宽度以及通道斜面倾斜角的变化规律. 在稀疏流状态以及保持边界墙体的粗糙度不变的条件下,对应不同通道宽度,粗糙边界附近10d范围内的颗粒流量密度(ξ=ρv)随斜面倾斜角的增大而减小,颗粒流量密度随通道宽度的变化存在一临界宽度Wc;在通道宽度小于Wc时,粗糙墙体附近10d范围内颗粒流量密度ξ随sinθ呈指数衰减,通道宽度大于Wc时,颗粒流量密度ξ_sinθ曲线随θ增大几乎呈线性减小.
关键词:
二维颗粒流
颗粒物质
颗粒流量密度 相似文献
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《Heat Recovery Systems and CHP》1989,9(4):285-297
Large dimension thermosyphons are efficient heat transfer components in heat recovery systems. Their performance limits depend on the following parameters: geometrical (length, diameter, inclination angle), physical (fluid, fill charge), thermal (temperature, heat flux).An experimental investigation was carried out with a large dimension, closed, two-phase thermosyphon which correspond to a device used in industrial recuperators. A vertical or inclinded steel thermosyphon, 3 m long and 27 mm inner diameter, was tested at temperatures varying from 100°C to 300°C with toluene as the working fluid. The lower part of the pipe was electrically heated along a variable length and the upper zone was cooled with an air stream whose flow rate and temperature were controlled. The maximum heat flux was measured as a function of temperature for different liquid fill charges and inclination angles. From these experimental data, boiling and condensation heat transfer coefficients were deduced. It was observed that the critical heat flux depends little on the fill ratio unless the charge is less than 20% for which a local dry-out occurs. The optimal fill charge was found to be between 20% and 50%. Experimental data have been compared with existing theories. The inclination effects have been taken into account with an empirical formula. 相似文献
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蒸气在倾斜细小直径圆管内的流动凝结换热特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
细小管内的流动凝结换热具有许多超常换热特性,经典的Nusselt分析方法已不能满足需要。在以往研究的基础上,本文进一步通过实验探析换热温差和蒸气流量对不同直径的细小管内流动凝结换热的影响。研究表明,管径越小,换热温差对凝结换热系数的影响程度越低;通过流量和倾角对凝结换热数的影响,分析了重力引发的流动分层和剪切力对凝结液的排除两种因素对细管传热强化的作用机制。本文的实验结果和用于常规尺度下的通用关联式对比表明,采用细管,管内的流动凝结换热得到无可置疑的强化 相似文献
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Surface coating techniques are commonly used to increase heat transfer and control critical heat flux. In this research, we used anodizing—an electrochemical coating process—to coat an aluminum oxide layer on the aluminum plain surface. This porous nanostructured coating has uniform, cylindrical, parallel nanochannels, and closed end pores. Next, we conducted saturated pool boiling tests on the anodized samples, using deionized water and the CHFs were measured. We found that porous nanostructured coatings, due to their improved surface characteristics, particularly wettability, increased CHF values and also critical heat flux increased linearly with decreasing the contact angle. 相似文献
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The aim of this research was to investigate the flow patterns and heat transfer of a top heat mode closed-loop oscillating heat pipe with check valves (THMCLOHP/CV). In this study, the heat pipe was made of a high-quality glass capillary tube with an inner diameter of 2.4 mm bent into 10 meandering turns. The number of check valves was 2 and the tube was filled with R141b at a filling ratio of 50% of internal volume of the tube. The combined lengths of the evaporator, adiabatic and condenser sections were equal to 50 mm. The pipe was operated at the top heat mode, and the angles of inclination were 20°, 40°, 60°, 80°, and 90°. The heat applied at the evaporator section was controlled at 85°Cto 105°C, and 125°C. The results show that in the evaporator section, bubbles are produced and grow as a result of the continuous nucleate boiling. They coalesced and their volume expanded. Similarly, in the condenser section the vapor plug condensate caused the bubbles to collapse and accumulate as a liquid mass at the lower section of the U-bend tube. A new slug then developed and the bubbles coalesced in an upward flow. Heat flux increased when the evaporator temperature and inclination angle increased causing the average length of the vapor plug to decrease and the average velocity of vapor plug to increase. The maximum heat flux occurred at an evaporator temperature of 125°C and an inclination angle of minus 90°. 相似文献
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According to the vectorial structure of non-paraxial electromagnetic beams and the method of stationary phase, the analytical TE and TM terms of non-paraxial linearly polarized Caussian beam are presented in the far field. The influence of linearly polarized angle on the relative energy flux distributions of the whole beam and its TE and TM terms is studied. The beam spot of the TE term is perpendicular to the direction of linearly polarized angle, while that of the TM term coincides with the direction of linearly polarized angle. The whole beam spot is elliptical, and the long axis is located at the direction of linearly polarized angle. The relative energy flux distribution of the TE term is relatively centralized in the direction perpendicular to the linearly polarized angle. While that of the TM term is relatively centralized in the direction of linearly polarized angle. To obtain the isolated TM and TE terms, a polarizer should be put at the long and the short axis of the whole beam spot, respectively. 相似文献
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A. Yu. Vasil’ev I. V. Kolesnichenko A. D. Mamykin P. G. Frick R. I. Khalilov S. A. Rogozhkin V. V. Pakholkov 《Technical Physics》2015,60(9):1305-1309
Turbulent free convection of liquid sodium in a straight thermally insulated tube with a length equal to 20 diameters and with end heat exchangers ensuring a fixed temperature drop is investigated experimentally. The experiments are performed for a fixed Rayleigh number Ra = 2.4 × 106 and various angles of inclination of the tube relative to the vertical. A strong dependence of the power transferred along the tube on the angle of inclination is revealed: the Nusselt number in the angular range under investigation changes by an order of magnitude with a maximum at the angle of 65° with the vertical. The characteristics of large-scale circulation and turbulent temperature pulsations show that convective heat transfer is mainly determined by the velocity of large-scale circulation of sodium. Turbulent pulsations are maximal for small angles of inclination (α = 20°–30°) and reduce the heat flux along the channel, although in the limit of small angles (vertical tube), there is no large-scale circulation, and the convective heat flux, which is an order of magnitude larger than the molecular heat flux, is ensured only by small scale (turbulent) flow. 相似文献
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The influence of the plate inclination angle relative to the horizon on a distance between formed rivulets and breakdown of
a falling water film was studied experimentally on a heater of 150×150 mm. Dependences of the distance between rivulets on
the heat flux density and plate inclination angle were examined. In experiments two zones of influence of the heat flux on
a distance between rivulets were revealed: at θ ≥ 20° distances between the rivulets do not depend on the heat flux, and at θ ≤ 15° they decrease with a rise of the heat flux. Data on film breakdown were generalized with consideration of evaporation
effect. It is shown that there is almost no effect of inclination angle on film breakdown in the whole range of studied Reynolds
numbers.
The work was financially supported by the President of RF (No. NSh-6749.2006.8), Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grants
Nos. 05-08-33325-a, 06-01-00360-a) and SB RAS (Interdisciplinary integration project No. 111). 相似文献
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We investigate the stability of a thin liquid film flowing down an inclined wavy plane using a direct numerical solver based on a finite element/arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian approximation of the free-surface Navier-Stokes equations. We study the dependence of the critical Reynolds number for the onset of surface wave instabilities on the inclination angle, the waviness parameter, and the wavelength parameter, focusing in particular on mild inclinations and relatively large waviness so that the bottom does not fall monotonously. In the present parameter range, shorter wavelengths and higher amplitude for the bottom undulation stabilize the flow. The dependence of the critical Reynolds number evaluated with the Nusselt flow rate on the inclination angle is more complex than the classical relation (5/6 times the cotangent of the inclination angle), but this dependence can be recovered if the actual flow rate at critical conditions is used instead. 相似文献